Chapter 29Chapter 29The Civil Rights MovementThe Civil Rights Movement

Section 1Section 1

The Movement BeginsThe Movement Begins

The Origins of the MovementThe Origins of the Movement

1896 – 1896 – Plessy v. Ferguson – Plessy v. Ferguson – established a separate-but-equal established a separate-but-equal doctrine.doctrine.

Became known as Jim Crow laws in Became known as Jim Crow laws in the South.the South.

North – de facto segregation – seg. North – de facto segregation – seg. By custom and tradition.By custom and tradition.

Origins ctd…Origins ctd…

National Association for the Advancement National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) supported of Colored People (NAACP) supported cases trying to overturn segregation.cases trying to overturn segregation.

A.A. gained political power in the North, A.A. gained political power in the North, where they could vote. where they could vote.

Resulted in a strong Democratic Party.Resulted in a strong Democratic Party. 1942 – Chicago – Congress of Racial 1942 – Chicago – Congress of Racial

Equality (CORE) used sit-ins to protest.Equality (CORE) used sit-ins to protest.

Thurgood MarshallThurgood Marshall

Chief counsel for Chief counsel for the NAACP.the NAACP.

1954 – 1954 – Brown v. Brown v. Board of Ed of Board of Ed of Topeka KansasTopeka Kansas

Case ruled seg. Case ruled seg. was was unconstitutional unconstitutional and violated the and violated the 1414thth amendment. amendment.

The Movement BeginsThe Movement Begins

Rosa Parks agreed to challenge Rosa Parks agreed to challenge segregation in court.segregation in court.

Women’s Political Council led A.A. in Women’s Political Council led A.A. in a boycott of the Montgomery bus a boycott of the Montgomery bus system. system.

Mont. Improvement Association led Mont. Improvement Association led the boycott & was headed by MLK Jr. the boycott & was headed by MLK Jr.

Boycott ctd. for over a year, Dec Boycott ctd. for over a year, Dec 1956, law was ruled unconstitutional. 1956, law was ruled unconstitutional.

Rosa ParksRosa Parks

African American ChurchesAfrican American Churches

Churches played a key role in the Churches played a key role in the boycott. boycott.

Place for forums, planning meetings, Place for forums, planning meetings, and organizing volunteers.and organizing volunteers.

Southern Christian Leadership Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), led by MLK, Jr. Conference (SCLC), led by MLK, Jr. challenged seg. In public challenged seg. In public transportations, housing, voting, & transportations, housing, voting, & public accommodations. public accommodations.

Eisenhower and Civil RightsEisenhower and Civil Rights

Became the 1Became the 1stst pres. Since pres. Since Reconstruction to send troops to the Reconstruction to send troops to the South to protect A.A. constitutional South to protect A.A. constitutional rights. rights.

Crisis in Little RockCrisis in Little Rock

Gov. ordered the Ark. National Guard to Gov. ordered the Ark. National Guard to prevent A.A. students from entering the prevent A.A. students from entering the Little Rock high school. Little Rock high school.

Eisenhower demanded the troops be Eisenhower demanded the troops be removed.removed.

Gov. removed the troops, but left the Gov. removed the troops, but left the school to the angry mob.school to the angry mob.

2 A.A. reporters were beaten and many 2 A.A. reporters were beaten and many windows of the school were broken.windows of the school were broken.

Crisis ctd…Crisis ctd…

Eisenhower ordered the Army to Eisenhower ordered the Army to surround the school, and students surround the school, and students escorted into the building. escorted into the building.

Troops remained for the entire year. Troops remained for the entire year.

New Civil Rights LegislationNew Civil Rights Legislation

Civil Rights Act of 1957 – created to Civil Rights Act of 1957 – created to protect the right of A.A. to vote.protect the right of A.A. to vote.

It marked the first step in bringing It marked the first step in bringing the federal gov’t into the civil rights the federal gov’t into the civil rights debate. debate.