Chapter 29: Asian Nations Struggled to Gain Stability

(1945 to the present)

Introduction

• Look at the maps on pgs. 615 and 795 and compare them • How many nations that were former colonies have gained

independence?• Which nations were never colonies? • What are some challenges that might arise in the new Asian

nations?Building an economy, establish a government and resist

outside forces • How might these new nations affect the west?They might exert cultural influence, provide economic

competition and serve as pawns in the cold war

Chapter Overview

• Great change occurred after WWII • In China, Communist led by Mao Zedong overthrew

the nationalist government • The communist dramatically change the nature of

China’s economy• Disputes among party leaders led to the Great

cultural Revolution of 1966• China broke off relations with the Soviet Union • Later China resumed diplomatic relations with the US

Korea

• Was divided after WWII • Northern Korea (Communist) invaded S. Korea in

1950 • The attack was condemned by the UN • An armistice was signed in 1953

Japan• Lost territorial gains • Underwent agricultural and industrial changes • In the 1980s Japan was Asia’s leading industrial power

Indian Subcontinent

• Was divided into India and Pakistan • India, under Nehru, adopted a mixed

economy • Foreign relations were marked by

conflicts with Pakistan and China • After a civil war, East Pakistan

became the nation of Bangladesh

Philippines/Indonesia

• The Philippines gained independence in 1946 but retained close ties with the US

• After years of authoritarian rule under Ferdinand Marcos, the Philippines returned to democracy in the 1980s

Indonesia• Under Sukarno and Suharto Indonesia suffered from

economic misstatement • The new federation of Malaysia was endangered by cultural

and economic differences • After gaining independence, Burma tries to remain neutral

in the ongoing East-West conflict

Indochina

• France fought a long war and was defeated by communist led Viet Minh

• In the 1960s the US became heavily involved in Vietnam but with drew in 1973

• N. Vietnam defeated S. Vietnam in 1975• Other countries in S. Asia were also affected by border disputes

and refugee problems • Asian countries encouraged industrialization with various

approaches such as authoritarian measures to international cooperation

• Some countries enjoyed success but throughout the region economic development proceeded at a slow pace

Objectives 1. Discuss the changes in Chinese economic and foreign

policy instituted by the communist government 2. Explain the causes and effects of the Great Proletarian

Cultural revolution 3. Outline the causes and results of the Korean war 4. ID the aims of the American occupation of Japan 5. Describe the social and economic changes that occurred in

postwar Japan6. Trace the development of the US-Japanese relations since

1945 7. ID the major social and economic problems facing India8. Describe the events that led to the establishment of

Bangladesh and Pakistan

Objectives

9. Compare the movement toward independence of the countries of SE Asia

10. Discuss the challenges facing the countries of SE Asia today

11. Trace the US involvement in the Vietnamese conflict 12. Explain how the Vietnamese War affected the countries of

Indochina 13. Discuss the trend toward authoritarian governments in

Asia 14. Describe the economic development in Asia 15. Give examples of Asia’s influence on the West