Chapter 28: Transformations

Around the Globe

1800-1914

Section 1:

China Resists Outside Influence

Objective:

Discuss How Militarism & Political Alliances Brought the World to War

China and the West

Did not need outside worldVery proud

1700s, China had a strong farming economyRice and peanutsSilk, cotton ceramicsSalt, tin, silver, and Iron

China and the WestChina limited trade with Britain

Favorable balance of trade Britain looking for something China wanted/needed

Opium1800s, British smuggled Opium to China

Heroin, Morphine

1835, 12 million+ people became addicted

Opium War -War between Britain and China over the opium trade

British took over Hong Kong

1842, Treaty of Nanjing to end war

1844, US and other countries gained extraterritorial rights - Rights of foreign residents to follow the laws of their own government rather than those of the host country

Chinese resentment grew

Foreign Influence Grows

The Taiping Rebellion was an attempt to overthrow the Cing Dynasty. It failed but it weakened China

Late 1800s, Empress Cixi had some reforms because China was weakened by rebellion and famine Other countries took advantage of China’s weakness

US wanted Open Door Policy - Policy proposed by the United States giving all nations equal opportunities to trade in China Europeans agreed

End Result- China is Dominated by foreign powers

Society of Harmonious Fists

Peasants formed SHF, also known as BoxersWanted to get rid of Western influence

The Boxer Rebellion1900, Rebellion aimed at ending foreign influence in

ChinaNationalism increases

Rebellion squashed by multi-national army

Chapter 28: Transformations

Around the Globe

1800-1914

Section 2:

Modernization in Japan

Objective: • Explain why Japan ended its isolation

• Trace the growth of Japanese imperialism

Japan Ends Isolation

1600-1800’s – Japan was mostly isolatedRefused to trade

1853, American war ships entered Japanese waters (Commodore William Perry)

1854, Treaty of Kanagawa -Treaty between the United States and Japan opening trade between the two nations Japan opened up to Europe shortly thereafter

Change in Government

Many did not agree with these negotiations

Emperor Mutsuhito overthrew the shogun (military dictator)Meiji era- Period of rule by Emperor Mutsuhito from

1867 to 1912

Emperor modernized Japan

Based on what officials saw in Europe and USGovernment and Army modeled after

GermanyNavy modeled by BritainEducation modeled by US

Changes in EconomyMined for CoalRailroadsFactories

Japan Dominates Asia

Forced Europeans to give up special privileges

Sino-Japanese War- Japan went to war with China Drove China out of Korea Gained Taiwan + other islands

Russo–Japanese War- War between Russia and Japan fought in 1904 For control of China’s Manchurian territory

Japan surprised the world

Japan attacked Korea Korea became a protectorate 1910, Japan annexed (added) Korea

Harsh Japanese Rule

Shut down Korean Newspapers

Taught only Japanese history and language

Took land from Korean farmers and gave to Japanese

Built Japanese only factories

No new Korean businesses

Chapter 28: Transformations

Around the Globe

1800-1914

Section 3:

U.S. Economic Imperialism

Objective:

Discuss U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America

Problems in independent Latin America

Most worked on farms, poor

Political problemsCaudillo – military dictatorPoor people had no powerOnly property owners vote

Reformers quickly removed from office

Economies Grow Under Foreign Influence

Britain and US became main trading partnersBusinesses soon controlled countries

Latin American Empire

1823, US President James Monroe issued Monroe Doctrine – US statement of opposition to European influence in the Americas

Latin American Economies Depended on Exports

International Police

1904, President Roosevelt says US is international Police PowerRoosevelt Corollary

PanamaControlled by Colombia

US offered Colombia $10 million to build Panama Canal

Colombia wanted more money

US helped Panamanians rebel

US built Panama Canal in 1914

Chapter 28: Transformations

Around the Globe

1800-1914

Section 4:

Turmoil and Change in Mexico

Objective:

Understand the Effects of War and Reform in Mexico

Santa Anna and the Mexican War

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Fought for Mexican independence from SpainServed as president 4 times

Santa Anna Vs Texas

1830s, Texas won independence from Mexico

1840s, United States annexed TexasAngered Mexicans

Mexican American War

Border dispute arose (Rio Grande/Nueces River)

Santa Anna lost

Mexico surrendered a LOT of land

La Reforma Benito Juarez – leader of La Reforma

La Reforma - Movement in Mexico aimed at achieving land reform, better education, and other goals (Began in 1854)Break the power of the large landowners

1858, Juarez won control of Mexico

1862, Conservatives and Napoleon III from France captured Mexico in 18 months

Juarez and his followers took 5 years to finally remove French from Mexico

After Juarez

1872, Juarez died

Porfirio Diaz Dictator who came to power after Juarez In power for 30+ years

Porfirio Diaz restored order but limited political freedom

Diaz was challenged by Francisco Madero (Madero sought democratic principles)

Calls for Reform

“Pancho” Villa -Popular leader of the Mexican revolution

Emiliano Zapata Leader of a powerful revolutionary army

Both raised armies to overthrow Diaz, Madero takes over