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©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved.Rights reserved.
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Chapter 28: Chapter 28: The Suburban EraThe Suburban EraPreview:Preview: “The culture of the automobile in many ways “The culture of the automobile in many ways defined America at midcentury. Superhighways encouraged defined America at midcentury. Superhighways encouraged newly prosperous Americans to move into suburban homes newly prosperous Americans to move into suburban homes boasting green lawns and new televisions. The middle-class boasting green lawns and new televisions. The middle-class consensus of an American dream revolved around single-consensus of an American dream revolved around single-family homes, religious observance of some sort, and family homes, religious observance of some sort, and women who cared for the family at home.”women who cared for the family at home.”The Highlights:The Highlights: The Rise of the SuburbsThe Rise of the Suburbs The Culture of SuburbiaThe Culture of Suburbia The Politics of CalmThe Politics of Calm Cracks in the ConsensusCracks in the Consensus Nationalism in an Age of SuperpowersNationalism in an Age of Superpowers The Cold War along a New FrontierThe Cold War along a New Frontier
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The Rise of the SuburbsThe Rise of the Suburbs A Boom in Babies and in HousingA Boom in Babies and in Housing
– The boom worldwideThe boom worldwide– Levittown, U.S.A.Levittown, U.S.A.
Cities and Suburbs TransformedCities and Suburbs Transformed– Automobile became more Automobile became more
indispensible with growth of suburbsindispensible with growth of suburbs– Interstate Highway Act of 1956Interstate Highway Act of 1956– Declining citiesDeclining cities– Minorities and suburbsMinorities and suburbs
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American Civil ReligionAmerican Civil Religion– The religious divisionThe religious division– Billy GrahamBilly Graham– The Howdy Doody ShowThe Howdy Doody Show
““Homemaking” Women in the Homemaking” Women in the Workaday WorldWorkaday World– Working womenWorking women– Media images of womenMedia images of women
The Culture of Suburbia28-4
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A Revolution in Sexuality?A Revolution in Sexuality?– ““Companionate marriage”Companionate marriage”– The Kinsey ReportThe Kinsey Report
The Flickering Gray ScreenThe Flickering Gray Screen– Television and politicsTelevision and politics– By 1959 live television was a thing By 1959 live television was a thing
of the pastof the past
“The suburbs themselves encouraged other changes in sexual attitudes, especially among the middle classes who lived there”(952).
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The Politics of CalmThe Politics of Calm Eisenhower’s Modern RepublicanismEisenhower’s Modern Republicanism
– Eisenhower resisted conservative Eisenhower resisted conservative demands to dismantle New Deal programsdemands to dismantle New Deal programs
– Farm policyFarm policy– Eisenhower reelectedEisenhower reelected
The Conglomerate WorldThe Conglomerate World– Wages for average worker rose over 35 Wages for average worker rose over 35
percent between 1950-1960percent between 1950-1960– Diversification became a new expansion Diversification became a new expansion
strategystrategy
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Cracks in the ConsensusCracks in the Consensus Critics of Mass CultureCritics of Mass Culture
– Many highbrow intellectuals worried Many highbrow intellectuals worried openly about the homogenized lifestyleopenly about the homogenized lifestyle
– David Riesman’s David Riesman’s The Lonely CrowdThe Lonely Crowd– William Whyte’s William Whyte’s The Organization ManThe Organization Man
The Rebellion of Young AmericaThe Rebellion of Young America– Juvenile delinquencyJuvenile delinquency– The rise of rock and rollThe rise of rock and roll– The beat generationThe beat generation
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Nationalism in an Age of Nationalism in an Age of SuperpowersSuperpowers To the Brink?To the Brink?
– John Foster DullesJohn Foster Dulles– The New Look in foreign policyThe New Look in foreign policy
Brinksmanship in AsiaBrinksmanship in Asia– Taiwan and mainland ChinaTaiwan and mainland China– Vietnamese victory at Dien Bien PhuVietnamese victory at Dien Bien Phu
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The Covert Side of the New LookThe Covert Side of the New Look– Overthrowing MossadeqOverthrowing Mossadeq– Crushing a democracyCrushing a democracy
Nationalism UnleashedNationalism Unleashed– Nikita KhrushchevNikita Khrushchev– The Eisenhower DoctrineThe Eisenhower Doctrine– Castro’s revolution in CubaCastro’s revolution in Cuba
“In pursuing their aggressive New Look in foreign policy, Dulles and Eisenhower sometimes authorized the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to use covert operations against Communists or those they saw as sympathetic to Moscow” (961).
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The Response to The Response to SputnikSputnik– American rockets were nicknamed American rockets were nicknamed
“flopniks” and “kaputniks”“flopniks” and “kaputniks”– ““Missile gap”Missile gap”
Thaws and FreezesThaws and Freezes– Berlin crisisBerlin crisis– The U-2 incidentThe U-2 incident
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The Cold War Along a The Cold War Along a New FrontierNew Frontier
The Election of 1960The Election of 1960– The Catholic issueThe Catholic issue– Nixon ran on his record as an Nixon ran on his record as an
experienced leader and staunch experienced leader and staunch anti-Communistanti-Communist
– Kennedy won by only 119,000 votes Kennedy won by only 119,000 votes
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The Hard-Nosed Idealists of The Hard-Nosed Idealists of CamelotCamelot– Robert McNamaraRobert McNamara
The (Somewhat) New Frontier at The (Somewhat) New Frontier at HomeHome– Kennedy’s domestic legislative Kennedy’s domestic legislative
achievements were modestachievements were modest– Showdown with Big SteelShowdown with Big Steel
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Kennedy’s Cold WarKennedy’s Cold War Cold War FrustrationsCold War Frustrations
– Bay of Pigs invasionBay of Pigs invasion– Kennedy and VietnamKennedy and Vietnam– Diem fallsDiem falls
Confronting KhrushchevConfronting Khrushchev– The Berlin WallThe Berlin Wall– A flexible nuclear responseA flexible nuclear response
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The Missiles of OctoberThe Missiles of October– A naval blockadeA naval blockade– Nuclear test ban treatyNuclear test ban treaty
“The 1950s sparked a movement pursued by ordinary Americans who acted, despite the reluctance of their leaders, to bring about a civil rights revolution”(973).
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