Chapter 28 Section1 China R9

Cause and Effect• Qing Dynasty 1644 to 1912• Opium War 1842- Treaty of Nanking• Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864 (Civil War)• Spheres of Influence• The Open Door Policy• Sino-Japanese War 1894• Boxer Rebellion• The Nationalist Party (Sun Yat-sen)• Chinese Republic (1912)

• Create a How-To and How-Not-To manual for Imperialism and dealing with the West. Be sure to point mistakes or good decisions made by China and Japan when dealing with the west. Be sure to include pictures to accompany each point of advice. You must include at least 10 points of either How-To or How-Not-To.

The Fall of the Qing Dynasty

• Qing Dynasty 1644-1912– China’s political, economic, and military

position weakened under the Qing Dynasty.

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China and the West

China Resists Outside Influence

Rejecting Western Goods• In 1793, China rejects gifts brought by British

ambassador• China is strong politically because it is largely self-

sufficient - agriculture, mining, manufacturing sectors highly

productive

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The Tea-Opium Connection• Guangzhou, southern port, is only port open to

foreign trade• China earns more from its exports than it spends on

imports• British smuggle opium (late 1700s); many

Chinese become addicted Continued . . .

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War Breaks Out• In 1839, Opium War erupts—fight caused by

opium trade • China loses the war to more modern British navy• Treaty of Nanjing (1842) gives British control of

Hong Kong• In 1844, other nations win extraterritorial rights• Rights mean foreigners exempt from laws at

Guangzhou, other ports

continued China and the West

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Growing Internal Problems

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Population Problems• China’s population booms from 1790 to 1850• Crop yields do not grow as fast, producing

widespread hunger, unrest

The Taiping Rebellion• In late 1830s, Hong Xiuquan recruits followers to

build new China• Taiping Rebellion—name given Hong’s movement; taiping—“great peace”

• In 1850s, Hong’s army grows large, captures large areas in southeast

• By 1864, rebellion defeated by internal fighting, outside attack

Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864

• Civil War that broke out because of “unequal treaties”. Eventually it was crushed by British led forces.

• Eroded the Qing Dynasty’s control of China.

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Foreign Influence Grows

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Resistance to Change• Dowager Empress Cixi rules China most years from

1862 to 1908• Supports reforms aimed at education, government,

military• Otherwise prefers traditional ways

Other Nations Step In• China suffers attacks from other nations; forced to

grant more rights• Europeans, Japan gain spheres of influence—

areas of economic control• U.S. declares Open Door Policy (1899)

- Chinese trade open to all nationsMap

Sino-Japanese War 1894

• China’s defeat led to more lost territory.

• From China, Japan gained the island of Taiwan and the Liaodong Peninsula as well as trading benefits in Chinese territory. The Japanese also ended China’s influence in Korea.

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An Upsurge in Chinese Nationalism

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Growing Dissension• Many Chinese resent growing power of outsiders,

press for change• In 1898, Emperor Guangxu enacts reforms; Cixi,

restored, ends them

The Boxer Rebellion• Anti-government, anti-European peasants form

secret organization• In 1900, they launch Boxer Rebellion—their

campaign for reforms• Rebels take Beijing, but foreign army defeats them,

ending rebellion• Though rebellion fails, Chinese nationalism surges

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Continued . . .

Boxer Rebellion

• The Righteous and Harmonious Fists, practiced a Chinese form of Boxing. In 1900 the Boxers carried out attacks against foreigners and Chinese Christians in the city Beijing (Peking). Western powers and Japan sent a multinational force that ended the uprising. Empress Ci Xi who had supported the Boxers, reversed her policy.

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The Beginnings of Reform• Cixi and other conservatives recognize necessity

of reform• In 1905, she sends officials abroad to study other

governments• In 1906, Cixi begins making reforms but they

move slowly• Unrest continues for four more decades

continued An Upsurge in Chinese Nationalism

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The Nationalist Party

• Many Chinese believed that a modern republic should replace the Qing Dynasty. Sun Yat-sen will form the United League (Nationalist Party) in 1905.

• Their goal was to modernize China on the basis of the “Three Principles of the People”: nationalism (freedom from foreign control), democracy (representative government), and livelihood (economic well-being for all Chinese)

Chinese Republic 1912

• 1911 revolution started.

• January 1912, Sun Yat-sen will become the 1st President of the new Chinese Republic.