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Chapter 27 Section 3. End of the War & Victory in Asia. Yalta Conference. Yalta Conference: February 1945 Plan for Postwar Peace Big 3 FDR Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Meeting Agreements: Russia Declare War Japanese 3 Months after Surrender Divide Germany - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CHAPTER 27 SECTION 3
End of the War &Victory in Asia
Yalta Conference• Yalta Conference:
• February 1945 • Plan for Postwar Peace
• Big 3• FDR• Winston Churchill• Joseph Stalin
• Meeting Agreements:• Russia Declare War
• Japanese
• 3 Months after Surrender• Divide Germany
• New International Peace Organization
• American Politics:• President Roosevelt
• Fourth Term• Harry Truman – Vice President
Holocaust• Holocaust
• German slaughtering of European Jews• Gypsies, Poles, mentally disabled, religious and political prisoners• Genocide – deliberate annihilation of an entire people• Hitler’s “Final Solution of the Jewish Question”
• Major Death Camps• German
• Dachau• Bergen-Belsen
• Poland• Aushwitz• Treblinka• Majdanek
• 6 Million Jews• 1/3 of Europe’s Jewish Population
• http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/campmap.html
Race to Berlin• War in Europe 1945:
• Allies Bomb German Cities• Destruction• Civilian Deaths
• March 1945:• Allies Cross Rhine River
• Eastern Europe• Soviets Occupy
• Eisenhower Pushes East• Fast as Possible
• German Surrender:• Hitler's 1,000 Year Reich...
• April 30, 1945• Hitler Commits Suicide
• May 7, 1945
• Unconditional Surrender• May 8, 1945
• Known as V-E Day• Victory in Europe
Island Hopping• US Strategy
• Island Hopping• Attack and seize only certain strategic Japanese held islands
• Cut off supplies and troop reinforcements• Began in November 1943
• Airstrips for next Allied advance• Gilbert Islands
• Tarawa• Coral Reef encircled island• Marines had to wade onto beach• 1,000 marines killed / 2,000 wounded• Gave US control of vital airstrip
Island Hopping Continued• Saipan
• Marshall Islands• Japanese Fleet Headquarters• 127,000 soldiers
• 2/3 Marines• Japan running low on planes
• Lost 350 Japanese Planes• US lost 30
• Saipan 32,00 Japanese Defenders• US suffered 16,000 casualties
• 3,400 Dead• US takes Guam in August• Important for US to have these Islands
• Launch attacks on Mainland Japan• March 1945 launch raid on Tokyo
• Firestorms destroyed much of the city
Recapturing the Philippines• Japanese resistance stiffens
• New Guinea-Philippines Campaign• General Douglas A. MacArthur
• US and Australian Troops• North Coast
• Fall 1944• Invade Philippines
• Battle of Leyte Gulf• Last, Largest, most decisive
• Japanese• Disaster
• Lost 4 carriers, • 2 battleships• several cruisers
• Fleet no longer a threat• Aided by Filipino guerrillas
• February 1945 • Entered Manila
• Douglas MacArthur• “I’m a little late, but we finally came.”
Iwo Jima• February 1945
• 750 Miles from Tokyo• Lasted 6 weeks
• 20,000 Japanese killed• No Cover• US Marines
• Struggled to take• Mr. Suribachi• Tunnels and Bunkers
• When they reach• Planted a flag on rocky soil• Photo won a Pulitzer Prize
Okinawa• April 1st, 1945• Largest landing force in Pacific
• 350 miles from Japan• Japanese did not challenge landing
• Retreated to southern tip of the island• 5 hours Marines captured an airfield 0 shots fired
• 5 days later Japanese Attack• 700 Planes• 350 Kamikaze
• “Divine Wind”• 6 US Ships sunk
• Bloodiest of the Pacific• Japanese hid in caves• US fired Flamethrowers
Atomic Bomb• European Scientist:
• Moving to United States• Albert Einstein in 1933• Physicist
• Warns U.S.• German Research
• Manhattan Project:• Atomic Bomb
• 1942
• Enrico Fermi• Italian Physicist
• Project Success:• Atomic Chain Reaction
• 1942• July 16, 1945
• Successful Test• Alamogordo, New Mexico
End of the War• Unconditional Surrender:
• Allies Demand• July 26, 1945
• Truman Orders • Use of Atomic Weapons
• Enola Gay:• B-29 Bomber
• August 6, 1945• Hiroshima
• 75,000 Killed• August 9, 1945
• Nagasaki • 125,000 Killed
End of War Continued• Japanese Surrender:
• September 2, 1945• USS Missouri
• Tokyo Bay• Emperor Hirohito
• Kept in Power• Urged by MacArthur to do so
Argument/Justification• Atomic Argument:
• Tokyo Considering Peace• Soviet Declaration of War
• Threat of Invasion• Surrender• Atomic Justification:*
• Iwo Jima & Okinawa• Heavy Am. Loses
• Japanese Invasion• Est.1 Million Casualties
• Quick End to War• Lives Saved• Both Sides
• Display of Power• Soviet Union