Chapter 26, Section Chapter 26 New Global Patterns (1800–1914) Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River,

Chapter 26 , Section

Chapter 26

New Global Patterns(1800–1914)

Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

World History: Connection to Today World History: Connection to Today


Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Chapter 26: New Global Patterns (1800–1914)

Section 1: Japan Modernizes

Section 2: Southeast Asia and the Pacific

Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia, and New Zealand

Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America

Section 5: Impact of Imperialism

World History: Connection to Today World History: Connection to Today


Japan ModernizesJapan Modernizes

• How did discontent in Japanese society and the opening of Japan lead to the Meiji restoration?

• What were the main reforms under the Meiji?

• How did Japanese military strength promote imperialism?

1


Events Leading Up to the Meiji RestorationEvents Leading Up to the Meiji Restoration

By the 1800s, discontent simmered throughout Japan.

The government responded by trying to revive old ways.

The United States forced Japan to grant trading rights and forcedunequal treaties on Japan.

Some Japanese strongly criticized the shogun for not taking a strong stand against the foreigners. Foreign pressure deepened the social and economic unrest.

Discontented daimyo and samurai overthrew the shogun and “restored” the emperor to power. The Meiji restoration, which lasted from 1868 to 1912, was a major turning point in Japanese history.

1


Reforms Under the MeijiReforms Under the Meiji

Ended legal distinctions between classes

Set up schools and a university

Hired westerners to teach the new generation modern technology

Encouraged Japan’s business class to adopt western methods

Built factories and sold them to wealthy business families, known as zaibatsu

Adopted the German model of government

Set forth the principle that all people were equal under the law

Established a western-style bureaucracy

Used western technology to strengthen the military

Ended the special privilege of samurai

SOCIAL CHANGEECONOMIC REFORMS

GOVERNMENT

The Meiji reformers wanted to replace the rigid feudal order with a completely new political and social system and to build a modern industrial economy.

1


Why Was Japan Able to Modernize So Rapidly?Why Was Japan Able to Modernize So Rapidly?

• Japan was a homogeneous society — that is, it had a common culture and language that gave it a strong sense of identity.

• Economic growth during the Tokugawa times had set Japan on the road to development.

• The Japanese had experience learning from foreign nations, such as China.

• The Japanese were determined to resist foreign rule.

1


Japanese ImperialismJapanese Imperialism

In 1894,Japan defeated China in the Sino-Japanese War, gaining treaty ports in China and control over the island of Taiwan.

In 1905, Japan defeated Russia in the Russo-Japanese War, gaining control of Korea as well as rights in parts of Manchuria.

In 1910, Japan annexed Korea, absorbing the kingdom into the Japanese empire and ruling it for 35 years.

As with western industrial powers, Japan’s economic needs fed its imperialist desires.

1


Wealthy business families in Japan were known as a) daimyo.

b) shogun.c) samurai. d) zaibatsu.

Japan was able to modernize so quickly in part due to being a) a heterogeneous society.

b) a homogeneous society. c) a military society.

d) an isolated society.

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Section 1 AssessmentSection 1 Assessment1

http://www.phschool.com/atschool/worldhistory/Survey_2003/Student_Area/WHS_SC26_ACT_index.html



Wealthy business families in Japan were known as a) daimyo. b) shogun.

c) samurai.d) zaibatsu.

Japan was able to modernize so quickly in part due to being a) a heterogeneous society.

b) a homogeneous society. c) a military society.

d) an isolated society.




Southeast Asia and the PacificSoutheast Asia and the Pacific

• What impact did European colonization have on Southeast Asia?

• How did Siam maintain its independence?

• How did imperialism spread to the Philippines and other Pacific islands?

2


Imperialism in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, 1900Imperialism in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, 1900

2


Colonization of Southeast AsiaColonization of Southeast Asia

By the 1890s, Europeans controlled most of Southeast Asia. They:• introduced modern technology• expanded commerce and industry• set up new enterprises to mine tin and harvest

rubber• brought in new crops of corn and cassava• built harbors and railroads

These changes benefited Europeans far more than the people of Southeast Asia.

In their relentless race for raw materials, new markets, and Christian converts, western industrial powers gobbled up Southeast Asia.

2


How Did Siam Maintain Its Independence?How Did Siam Maintain Its Independence?

• King Mongkut, who ruled from 1851 to 1868, set Siam on the road to modernization.

• Siam was forced to accept some unequal treaties but escaped becoming a European colony.

• Both Britain and France saw the advantage of making Siam a buffer, or neutral zone, between them.

• In the early 1900s, Britain and France guaranteed Siam its independence.

2


Imperial Powers in the PacificImperial Powers in the Pacific

In the 1800s, the industrial powers began to take an interest in the islands of the Pacific.

In 1878, the United States secured an unequal treaty from Samoa. Later, the United States, Germany, and Britain agreed to a triple protectorate over Samoa.

From the mid-1800s, American sugar growers pressed for power in Hawaii. In 1898, the United States annexed Hawaii.

At the conclusion of the Spanish-American War, the Philippines was placed under American control. The United States promised Filipinos self-rule some time in the future.

2


Changes introduced by Europeans in Southeast Asiaa) primarily benefited Southeast Asians.

b) primarily benefited the Europeans.c) benefited both

Southeast Asians and Europeans equally. d) were insignificant.

In 1898, the United States annexeda) Samoa.

b) the Philippines.c) Hawaii.

d) Burma.






Changes introduced by Europeans in Southeast Asiaa) primarily benefited Southeast Asians.

b) primarily benefited the Europeans.c) benefited both

Southeast Asians and Europeans equally. d) were insignificant.

In 1898, the United States annexeda) Samoa.

b) the Philippines.c) Hawaii.

d) Burma.

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Self-Rule for Canada, Australia, and New ZealandSelf-Rule for Canada, Australia, and New Zealand

• How did Canada achieve self-rule?

• How did European settlement change the course of Australian history?

• How did New Zealand emerge as an independent nation?

3


Canada, 1867–1914Canada, 1867–19143


How Did Canada Achieve Self-Rule?How Did Canada Achieve Self-Rule?

Canada’s first European rulers were French.

When France lost Canada to Britain in 1763, thousands of French-speaking settlers remained.In 1791 Britain passed the Canada Act, which created two provinces: English-speaking Upper Canada and French-speaking Lower Canada.During the 1800s, unrest grew in both colonies.

In 1839, the Durham Report called for the two Canadas to be reunited and given control over their own affairs.

In 1840, Parliament passed the Act of Union, a major step toward self-government.

As Canada expanded westward, John Macdonald and George Étienne Cartier urged confederation, or unification, of all Canada’s provinces.

Britain passed the British North America Act of 1867, creating the Dominion of Canada. It united four provinces into a dominion, or self-governing nation. Six additional provinces later joined the union.

3


Geography of Australia and New ZealandGeography of Australia and New Zealand

3


Europeans in AustraliaEuropeans in Australia

• In 1770, Captain James Cook claimed Australia for Britain. At that time, it was too distant to attract European settlers.

• Australia had long been inhabited by indigenous people, later called Aborigines. When white settlers arrived, the Aborigines suffered disastrously.

• In 1788, Britain made Australia into a penal colony.

• In the early 1800s, Britain encouraged free citizens to emigrate to Australia. As the newcomers took over more and more land, they thrust aside or killed the Aborigines.

• In 1851, a gold rush in eastern Australia brought a population boom.

• By the late 1800s, Australia had won a place in a growing world economy.

3


New ZealandNew Zealand

In 1769, Captain Cook claimed New Zealand for Britain.

Missionaries arrived to convert the local

people, the Maoris, to Christianity.

In 1840, Britain annexed New Zealand.

Colonists took over Maori land and engaged in fierce wars with the Maoris.

By the 1870s, Maori resistance crumbled. Many Maoris died in the struggle.

White New Zealanders won independence.

New Zealand pioneered in several areas of democratic reform.

In 1893, it became the first nation to give suffrage to women.

Later, it was in the forefront of other social reforms.

3


Section 3 AssessmentSection 3 Assessment

Under the British North America Act of 1867, Canada a) became a confederation.

b) became a dominion. c) was divided

into Upper Canada and Lower Canada. d) was colonized by the British.

The first European settlers in Australia were a) Dutch. b) British.

c) French. d) Americans.


3




Under the British North America Act of 1867, Canada a) became a confederation.

b) became a dominion. c) was divided

into Upper Canada and Lower Canada. d) was colonized by the British.

The first European settlers in Australia were a) Dutch. b) British.

c) French. d) Americans.




Economic Imperialism in Latin AmericaEconomic Imperialism in Latin America

• What political and economic problems faced new Latin American nations?

• How did Mexico struggle for stability?

• How did the United States influence Latin America?

4


Independent Nations of Latin America About 1844Independent Nations of Latin America About 1844

3


Political ProblemsPolitical Problems

• Many problems had their origins in colonial rule, as independence barely changed the existing social and political hierarchy.

• With few roads and no traditions of unity, the new nations were weakened by regionalism, loyalty to a local area. Caudillos ruled as dictators.

During the 1800s, most Latin American nations were plagued by revolts, civil war, and dictatorships.

4


The Economics of DependenceThe Economics of Dependence

Economic dependence occurs when less-developed nations export raw materials and commodities to industrial nations and import manufactured goods, capital, and technological know-how. The relationship is unequal because the more developed — and wealthier nation — can control prices and terms of trade.

Under colonial rule, mercantilist policies made Latin America economically dependent on Spain and Portugal. After independence, this pattern changed very little. The region remained as economically dependent as before.

4


Imperialism in the Caribbean and South America, 1898–1917Imperialism in the Caribbean and South America, 1898–1917

4


The Influence of the United StatesThe Influence of the United States

In 1823, the United States issued the Monroe Doctrine, which stated that the American continents were no longer open to colonization by any European powers.

In 1904, the United States issued the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. Under this policy, the United States claimed “international police power” in the Western Hemisphere.

• In the next decade, the United States frequently intervened militarily in Latin American nations to protect American lives and investments.

In 1903, the United States backed the Panamanians in a revolt against Colombia in order to gain land to build the Panama Canal.

• To people in Latin America, the canal was an example of “Yankee Imperialism.”

4


Section 4 AssessmentSection 4 Assessment

Which of the following nations was under United States influence between 1898 and 1917?

a) Venezuelab) Colombia

c) Mexicod) Honduras

Under the Roosevelt Corollary, the United States claimed “international police power” in

a) the Western Hemisphere.b) North America only.

c) the Pacific Ocean.d) Eastern Europe.


4




Which of the following nations was under United States influence between 1898 and 1917?

a) Venezuelab) Colombia

c) Mexicod) Honduras

Under the Roosevelt Corollary, the United States claimed “international police power” in

a) the Western Hemisphere.b) North America only.

c) the Pacific Ocean.d) Eastern Europe.




Impact of ImperialismImpact of Imperialism

• How did imperialism lead to new economic patterns?

• What was the cultural impact of imperialism?

• How did political tensions develop as the result of imperialism?

5


New Economic Patterns New Economic Patterns

• A truly global economy emerged, dominated by the United States, Britain, France, and Germany.

• Colonial rulers introduced a money economy that replaced the old barter system.

• Mass-produced goods from the industrialized world further disrupted traditional economies.

• Local economies that had once been self-sufficient became dependent on the industrial powers.

5


Cultural ImpactCultural Impact

• As westerners conquered other lands, they pressed subject people to accept “modern” ways. By this, they meant western ideas, government, technology, and culture.

• Many nonwesterners, especially in conquered lands, came to accept a belief in western superiority.

• The overwhelming successes of the western imperialist nations sapped people’s confidence in their own leaders and cultures.

• Western culture spread around the world.

5


New Political TensionsNew Political Tensions

• By the early 1900s, western-educated elites in Africa and Asia were organizing nationalist movements to end colonial rule.

• The competition for imperial power was fueling tensions among western nations.

5


What effect did mass-produced goods have on traditional economies? a) They made traditional economies more

competitive. b) They disrupted traditional economies. c) They improved traditional economies. d) They helped to diversify traditional economies.

As westerners conquered other lands, they a) encouraged native peoples to hold onto their own beliefs. b) pressed native peoples to accept “modern” ways. c) easily assimilated with native peoples.

d) took on native beliefs and gave up their own.






What effect did mass-produced goods have on traditional economies? a) They made traditional economies more

competitive. b) They disrupted traditional economies. c) They improved traditional economies. d) They helped to diversify traditional economies.

As westerners conquered other lands, they a) encouraged native peoples to hold onto their own beliefs. b) pressed native peoples to accept “modern” ways. c) easily assimilated with native peoples.

d) took on native beliefs and gave up their own.



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Chapter 26, Section Chapter 26 New Global Patterns (1800–1914) Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River,