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CH. 17WWII:
The Fight in Africa & Europe
LG:How did the US and it’s Allies
win the war in Europe?
1. Battle for the Atlantic (Aug.-July 1942):
a.. German U-Boats control the Atlantic; US needs to ship war materials.
b. US responds w/ convoy system:
i. Navy warships escort/protect transport ships; helped dramatically.
c. US takes control:
i. US industry produces more than Germany could sink.
2. Allies European Strategy:
a. 1st Invade N. Africa.
i. Would give the US army experience.
b. 2nd Invade Europe through Italy.
i. Europe’s “Soft-Underbelly”
c. 3rd/Final: Mainland Europe through France.
3. Invading “Soft-Underbelly” of Europe:
a. Invade N. Africa first (Nov. 1942-May 1943):
i. Would give the US army experience.
ii. Help Britain in Egypt (need Suez Canal for supplies).
***Casablanca Conference (Jan. 1943):
b. Big 3: FDR, Stalin, & Churchill decide on:
i. Open a 2nd front for Stalin; invade Italy.
c. Next, invade Italy (July-Sept. 1943):
i. Allies think Italians will surrender easily, but Allies only take half of Italy.
ii. Italy surrenders,but Nazi’s keep
fighting in N. Italy.
4. Invading Mainland Europe
(Operation Overlord):
a. Led by US General Dwight D. Eisenhower.
b. Used General Patton’s Ghost Army to hide actual invasion location.
c. D-Day June 6, 1944:
i. Overall, Allies are very successful.
ii. Only 10,000 casualties.
5. Battle of the Bulge (Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945):
*** Allies start closing in on Germany.
a. Hitler stages one last desperate surprise offensive; goal to capture Allied supply lines.
*** US controls Bastogne (major supply hub):
b. Germans surround it and demand surrender.
c. US response, “Nuts”; fight and breaks out.
d. Germans last offensive fails; run out of fuel & retreat for good.
i. US wins; 100,000 German casualties.
6. End of WWII in Europea. End of Germany:
*** April 21, 1945: US allows Soviet Union to fully invade Berlin.
*** April 30, 1945: Hitler kills himself.
i. May 7, 1945: Germany’s Unconditional Surrender
- May 8, 1945: V-E Day(Victory in Europe)