To learn more about the people andplaces of Southeast Asia, view The World and Its PeopleChapter 26 video.

706

Chapter

2525Southeast

AsiaSoutheast

Asia

Chapter Overview Visit The World and ItsPeople Web site at twip.glencoe.com andclick onto preview information about Southeast Asia.

Social StudiesSocial StudiesSocial StudiesSocial Studies

Chapter 25—Chapter Overviews

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http://twip.glencoe.com

Outdoor restaurants are popular in Singapore.

▼Outdoor restaurants are popular in Singapore.

▼

Fold a triangle.Cut off the extra

edge.

The foldswill form an X

that creates fourequal sections.

Mainla

ndCo

untrie

sOtherIsland

Countries

Indonesia

Step 1 Fold the paper from the topright corner down so the edges line up.Cut off the leftover piece.

Step 2 Fold the triangle in half. Unfold.

Step 3 Cut up one fold line and stopat the middle. This forms two triangularflaps.

Step 4 Draw an X on one tab and labelthe other three the following: MainlandCountries, Indonesia, and Other IslandCountries.

Indonesia

Mainlan

dCou

ntries This makes a

three-sidedpyramid.

Step 5 Fold the X flapunder the other flap andglue together.

Identifying Main Ideas Make this foldable to help you identify keyfacts about the people and places of Southeast Asia.

Reading and Writing As you read, write main ideas insidethe foldable under each appropriate pyramid wall.

A High Price for ProsperitySome Southeast Asian countries—

such as Indonesia, Malaysia, andSingapore—have become majoreconomic centers. They manufacturegoods and export natural resources.One possible negative impact of thiseconomic prosperity might be thedestruction of the region’s beautifullandscapes.

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South of China and east of India lies Southeast Asia. This regionincludes thousands of islands and a long arm of land called the MalayPeninsula. Several countries lie entirely on the mainland of SoutheastAsia. They are Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.

Myanmar Myanmar, also called Burma, is about the size of Texas. Rugged,

steep mountains sweep through its western and eastern borders. Twowide rivers—the Irrawaddy (IHR•ah•WAH•dee) and the Salween—flow through vast lowland plains between these mountain ranges.Monsoons, or seasonal winds that blow over a continent for months ata time, cause wet summers and dry winters in Myanmar.

About two-thirds of the country’s people farm. The main crops arerice, sugarcane, beans, and peanuts. Some farmers work their fieldswith tractors, but most rely on plows pulled by water buffalo.

708 CHAPTER 25

11 Life on theMainland

Country

Topic Key Fact

Land

Economy

People

Tattoos and piercings in the United

States are no match for the

fashion statements found in

Southeast Asia. This

woman belongs to the

Padaung ethnic group

found in Myanmar and

Thailand. A series of

brass rings covers her

neck. The rings do not

stretch the woman’s

neck but actually push

down her collarbone

and ribs.

Guide to Reading

Main Idea

The countries ofmainland SoutheastAsia rely on agricultureas a major source ofwealth.

Terms to Know

• precious gems• deforestation• socialism• civil war

Reading Strategy

Create a chart like thisone for each of thesecountries: Myanmar,Thailand, Laos,Cambodia, andVietnam. Fill in theright column on eachchart with facts aboutthe countries.

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Southeast Asia 709

Myanmar exports wood products, gas, and foods such as beans and rice. The country provides about 75 percent of the world’s teak-wood. Myanmar’s prized forests are decreasing, however, because ofdeforestation. This is the widespread cutting of trees. Fortunately,the country also exports precious gems. Precious gems are valuablestones such as rubies, sapphires, and jade.

Almost 75 percent of Myanmar’s 49.5 million people live in ruralareas. The most densely populated part of the country is the fertileIrrawaddy River valley. Many rural dwellers build their homes on polesabove the ground for protection from floods and wild animals.

The capital and largest city, Yangon (formerly called Rangoon), isfamous for its modern university and its gold-covered Buddhist tem-ples. Buddhism is the main religion in Myanmar. Most people are ofBurman heritage, and Burmese is the main language.

Myanmar was part of British India for many years. It became anindependent republic in 1948. Since then,military leaders have turnedMyanmar into a socialist country. Socialism is an economic system inwhich most businesses are owned and run by the government. Some

TROPIC OF CANCER

EQUATOR

100°E 110°E 120°E 130°E

140°E

90°E

20°N

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Java Sea

PACIFIC OCEAN

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ChinaSea

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Gulf of Tonkin

Gulf ofThailand

Strait of Malacca

Irraw

addyR

. Sal

wee

nR.

Mekong

R.

N

Chi

ndwi

n R.

ChaoPhraya R.

Yangon(Rangoon)

Medan

Palembang

Mandalay

ChiangMai

Vientiane

Bangkok

Phnom Penh

Zamboanga

KualaLumpur

Jakarta

Surabaya

Pontianak

Dili

Manila

Bandar SeriBegawan

Hanoi

Da Nang

Davao

Jayapura

Cebu

Quezon City

IloiloHo Chi Minh City

Malay Peninsula

MYANMAR(BURMA)

L A O S

C H I N A

THAILAND

CAMBODIAVIETNAM

M A L A Y S I A

SINGAPORE

P H I L I P P I N E S

BRUNEI

EAST TIMOR

I N D O N E S I A

Sumatra

BorneoCelebes

Moluccas

NewGuinea

Java

Bali

A S I A

Miller Cylindrical projection400

4000 mi.

0 km

N

S

EW

Southeast Asia: Political

National capitalMajor city

Applying Map Skills

1. What is the capital ofThailand?

2. Which countries lieentirely on the mainlandof Southeast Asia?

Find NGS online map resources @www.nationalgeographic.com/maps

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http://www.nationalgeographic.com/maps

710 CHAPTER 25

people have tried to build a democracy in Myanmar. A woman namedAung San Suu Kyi (AWNG SAN SOO CHEE) has become a leader in thisstruggle. In 1991 she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for herefforts but still faces opposition from the government today.

Where is Myanmar’s most densely populated area?

Thailand The map on page shows you that Thailand looks like a flower

on a stem. The “flower” is the northern part, located on the mainland.The “stem” is a narrow strip on the Malay Peninsula. The country’smain waterway—the Chao Phraya (chow PRY•uh) River—flowsthrough a central plain. Like Myanmar, Thailand has wet summer mon-soons and dry winter monsoons.

Once called Siam, Thailand means “land of the free.” It is the onlySoutheast Asian country that has never been a European colony.The Thai people trace their independence as a kingdom back to theA.D. 1200s. Thailand is a constitutional monarchy with a king.

One of Thailand’s agricultural products is rubber. The governmenthas taken steps to limit deforestation to protect this industry. Thailandis also one of the world’s leading producers of tin and tungsten. Mostmanufacturing is located near Bangkok, the capital. Workers makecement, textiles, computers, and electrical appliances. Tourism is animportant industry as well.

Most of Thailand’s 63.1 million people belong to the Thai ethnicgroup and practice Buddhism. Hundreds of Buddhist temples calledwats dot the cities and countryside. Buddhist monks, or holy men, walk among the people to receive food offerings.

About 80 percent of Thais live in rural villages, although thousandslook for jobs in Bangkok. This city has beautiful temples and royalpalaces that are surrounded by modern skyscrapers and crowdedstreets. Bangkok has so many cars that daily traffic jams last for hours.

Thailand is a leading producer of what two elements?

Laos and CambodiaLandlocked Laos is covered by mountains. Southern Laos includes

a fertile area along the Mekong (MAY•KAWNG) River, SoutheastAsia’s longest river. Once a French colony, Laos became independentmore than fifty years ago.

Laos is an economically poor country. Its Communist governmenthas only recently allowed tourism. About 80 percent of Laos’s 5.6 million people live in rural areas. Farmers grow rice, sweet potatoes,sugarcane, and corn along the Mekong’s fertile banks. Industry islargely undeveloped because of isolation and years of civil war. A civil war is a fight among different groups within a country. Laos lacks railroads and has electricity in only a few cities. Vientiane(vyehn•TYAHN) is the largest city and capital. The Communist government discourages religion, but most Laotians remain Buddhists.

Life as a MonkAfter his grandfather

died, Nattawud Daoruangbecame a novice Buddhistmonk. “You see,” he says,“Thai Buddhists believethey can get to paradise byholding on to a monk’srobe. So I became a monkfor a month to help mygrandfather get to para-dise. The novice monkshad to get up at 5:00 A.M.and meditate. After that,we had free time so weread comics and playedgames on the monks’ PlayStation™. In the afternoons,we walked around the vil-lage with the monks to getfood and drink.”

709

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Southeast Asia 711

Cambodia For many years, Cambodia was a rich farming countrythat exported rice and rubber. By the 1980s, its economy was in ruinsbecause of years of civil war and harsh Communist rule. Cambodia’sfew factories produce items such as wood products,textiles,and rubber.

Most of Cambodia’s 12.6 million people belong to the Khmer(kuh•MEHR) ethnic group. About 82 percent live in rural villages. Therest live in cities such as the capital, Phnom Penh (puh•NAWMPEHN). Buddhism is Cambodia’s main religion. About 1,000 years ago,Cambodia was the center of the vast Khmer Empire. During Khmerrule, huge temple complexes like Angkor Wat were built.

In modern times, Cambodia was under French rule, becoming inde-pendent in 1953. Since the 1960s, there has been almost constant war-fare among rival political groups. A Communist government led by thedictator Pol Pot took control in the mid-1970s. Pol Pot forced many citydwellers to move to rural areas and work as farmers.More than 1 millionCambodians died. Some fled to other countries. In 1993 Cambodiabrought back its king, but rivalry among political groups continues.

Why is Cambodia’s economy in ruins?

Vietnam Vietnam’s long eastern coastline borders the Gulf of Tonkin, the

South China Sea, and the Gulf of Thailand. In the north lies the fer-tile delta of the Red River. A delta is an area of land formed by soildeposits at the mouth of a river. In the south you find the wide,swampydelta of the Mekong River. Monsoons bring wet and dry seasons.

Farmers grow large amounts of rice, sugarcane,cassava, sweet pota-toes,corn,bananas,and coffee in river deltas.Vietnam’s mountain forestsprovide wood, and the South China Sea yields large catches of fish.

Architecture The temple of Angkor Wat in northwestern

Cambodia was built during the 1100s. Dedi-cated to the Hindu god Vishnu, much of thetemple is covered with elaborately carved char-acters from Hindu legends. The Khmer peopledesigned Angkor Wat to represent the Hinduview of the universe. The moat surrounding thetemple stood for the oceans. The tall centraltower symbolized Mount Meru, center of theuniverse and home of the various forms of theHindu supreme being.

Looking Closer How does the design ofAngkor Wat reflect the beliefs of the builders?

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With almost 80.8 million people, Vietnam has the largest popula-tion in mainland Southeast Asia.About 75 percent live in rural villages.The largest urban area is Ho Chi Minh (HOH CHEE MIHN) City, namedfor the country’s first Communist leader. Located in the south, it usedto be called Saigon (sy•GAHN). Vietnam’s capital, Hanoi, is located inthe north. Most people are Buddhists and belong to the Vietnameseethnic group. The rest are Chinese, Cambodians, and other Asian eth-nic groups.Vietnamese is the major language,but Chinese,English,andFrench are also spoken.

The ancestors of Vietnam’s people came from China more than2,000 years ago. From the late 1800s to the mid-1950s, Vietnam wasunder French rule. Vietnamese Communists drove out the French in1954. The Communist government controlled northern Vietnam,while an American-supported government ruled the south. In the1960s, fighting between these two groups led to the Vietnam War.During this extended conflict, more than 2.5 million Americanshelped fight against the Communists. The United States eventuallywithdrew its forces in 1973. Within two years, the Communists hadcaptured the south. Many thousands of people fled Vietnam, settlingin the United States and other countries.

In recent years, Vietnam’s Communist leaders have opened thecountry to Western ideas, businesses, and tourists. They have also loos-ened government controls on the economy. In these two ways, theCommunist leaders hope to raise Vietnam’s standard of living.

What is the largest urban area in Vietnam?

AssessmentAssessment11

712 CHAPTER 25

Defining Terms1. Define precious gems, deforestation, socialism,

civil war.

Recalling Facts2. Economics What does Myanmar export? 3. History What led to the Vietnam War?4. Economics What has slowed the economies

of Laos and Cambodia?

Graphic Organizer5. Organizing Information Create a time

line like this one. Then list four events andtheir dates in Vietnam’s history.

Critical Thinking 6. Summarizing Information What makes

Thailand unique among the countries ofSoutheast Asia?

7. Making Predictions In recent years, the Communist leaders in Vietnam have tried toimprove the country’s standard of living. Howdo they hope to do this? Do you think theseactions will help? Why or why not?

Applying Social Studies Skills

8. Analyzing Maps Look at the political map onpage . What city is located at 21°N, 106°E?709

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Southeast Asia 713

Reading a Contour Map

Applying the Skill

200

200

200200

200

200

200

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200200

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0

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0°

110°E 120°E

EQUATOR

Java Sea

CelebesSea

Borneo

Miller Cylindrical projection200

2000 mi.

0 km

N

S

EW

Borneo

Contour intervals in meters200

A trail map would show the paths youcould follow if you went hiking in the moun-tains. How would you know if the trail fol-lows an easy, flat route, though, or if it cutssteeply up a mountain? To find out, you needa contour map.

Learning the SkillContour maps use lines to outline the

shape—or contour—of the landscape. Eachcontour line connects all points that are atthe same elevation. This means that if youwalked along one contour line, you wouldalways be at the same height above sea level.

Where the contour lines are far apart, theland rises gradually. Where the lines areclose together, the land rises steeply. Forexample, one contour line may be labeled1,000 meters (3,281 ft.). Another contourline very close to the first one may belabeled 2,000 meters (6,562 ft.). This meansthat the land rises 1,000 meters (3,281 ft.)in just a short distance.

To read a contour map, follow these steps:

• Identify the area shown on the map.• Read the numbers on the contour lines to

determine how much the elevationincreases or decreases with each line.

• Locate the highest and lowest numbers,which indicate the highest and lowest elevations.

• Notice the amount of space between thelines, which tells you whether the land issteep or flat.

Practicing the SkillStudy the contour map above, and then

answer the following questions.

1. What area is shown on the map?2. What is the lowest elevation on the map?3. What is the highest elevation on the map?4. Where is the landscape flattest? How can

you tell?5. How would you describe the physical

geography of this island?

Turn to page 10 in the GeographyHandbook. Use the contour map of SriLanka to answer the five questions above.

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The island countries of Southeast Asia are Indonesia, East Timor,Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei (bru•NY), and the Philippines. Indonesiais Southeast Asia’s largest country. It is an archipelago of more than13,600 islands.

Indonesia and East TimorThe map on page shows you the major islands of Indonesia—

Sumatra, Java, and Celebes (SEH•luh•BEEZ). Indonesia also sharestwo large islands with other countries. Most of the island of Borneobelongs to Indonesia. In addition, Indonesia controls the western halfof the island of Timor. Another country—East Timor—lies on theeastern half.

Indonesia lies where two of the earth’s tectonic plates meet.Tectonicplates are huge slabs of rock that make up the earth’s crust. Indonesia’slocation on top of these plates causes it to experience earthquakes.

714 CHAPTER 25

2 Diverse Island Cultures

2

Country Facts

Indonesia

East Timor

Malaysia

Singapore

Brunei

Philippines

Guide to Reading

Main Idea

The island countries ofSoutheast Asia have avariety of cultures andeconomic activities.

Terms to Know

• plate• strait• free port• terraced field

Reading Strategy

Create a chart like thisone. As you read, listtwo facts in the rightcolumn about eachcountry in the leftcolumn.

Villagers in Bali, Indonesia, carry

food and gifts to a local Hindu

temple. In Bali, it seems as

though there is an unend-

ing chain of religious

festivals. More than

60 festivals a year are

dedicated to such

events and items as

percussion instru-

ments, the birth of a

Hindu goddess, wood-

carving, and learning.

709

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Southeast Asia 715

The volcanoes that formed Indonesia have left a rich covering ofash that makes the soil good for farming.Because Indonesia lies on theEquator, its climate is tropical. Monsoons bring a wet season and a dryseason. The tropical climate, combined with fertile soil, has alloweddense rain forests to spread.

Economic Activities Foreign companies build factories on theisland of Java because labor is inexpensive. Agriculture provides workfor nearly half of the people of Indonesia. Farmers grow rice, coffee,cassava, tea, and peanuts. The country of East Timor also has agricul-tural products such as coffee, mangoes, and vanilla.

Indonesia has large reserves of oil and natural gas. Its mines yieldtin, silver, nickel, copper, bauxite, and gold. Dense rain forests provideteak and other valuable woods. Some companies that own large tractsof land are cutting down the trees very quickly. The environment suf-fers from this deforestation. When the trees are cut down, rich soilruns off into the sea during heavy rains.

People of Indonesia and East Timor Indonesia has about 220.5 million people—the fourth-largest population in the world. It isalso one of the world’s most densely populated countries. On Java youwill find Jakarta (juh•KAHR•tuh), Indonesia’s capital and largest city.It has modern buildings and streets crowded with cars and bicycles.

Forty-five percent of Indonesians belong to the Javanese ethnicgroup. The official language, Bahasa Indonesia, is taught in schools.Indonesia has more followers of Islam than any other country. Otherreligions, such as Christianity and Buddhism, are also practiced.On the beautiful island of Bali, Hindu beliefs are held by most of the people.

Thousands of years ago, Hindus and Buddhists from India settledthe islands that are today Indonesia. Their descendants set up king-doms. These kingdoms grew wealthy by controlling the trade thatpassed through the waterways between the Indian and Pacific Oceans.In the A.D. 1100s, traders from Southwest Asia brought Islam to theregion. Four hundred years later, Europeans arrived to acquire the valuable spices grown here. They brought Christianity to the islands.The Dutch eventually controlled most of the islands as a colony. Inde-pendence finally came to Indonesia in 1949.

In the late 1990s,severe economic problems led to unrest.Indonesia’speople forced their dictator to resign. Today the country has a demo-cratic government. With so many different ethnic groups, many smallpolitical parties arise. As a result, Indonesia’s leaders find it difficult toform a government that is strong enough to deal with challenges.

Most recently, the people of East Timor, who are largely RomanCatholic and were once ruled by Portugal, voted for independencefrom Indonesia. In 2002 East Timor was internationally recognized asindependent and the world’s newest democracy. About 800,000 peo-ple live here.

When did East Timor win its independence?

Exchange ofKnowledge

Malacca, in Malaysia, was

the richest seaport in the

world in the 1500s. Merchants

from India, China, and Japan

met Portuguese, British, and

Dutch traders. These mer-

chants and traders were

responsible for the exchange

of knowledge as well as

goods. Today, thanks to

its geographic location,

Singapore has replaced

Malacca as the chief center

of trade.

East Timor’sChallenges

East Timor’s road to

freedom—finally won on

May 20, 2002—was long and

difficult. Independence has

also brought challenges. One

of Asia’s poorest countries,

East Timor suffers from the

effects of war and drought.

The possibility of wealth from

untapped offshore oil and gas

fields, however, may brighten

East Timor’s future.

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MalaysiaMalaysia is located on the southern end of

the Malay Peninsula and also on the island ofBorneo. Dense rain forests and rugged moun-tains make up the landscape. The Strait ofMalacca lies to the west of the Malay Peninsula.A strait is a narrow body of water between twopieces of land. The Strait of Malacca is an impor-tant waterway for trade between the IndianOcean and the Java Sea.

Malaysia is a world leader in exporting rub-ber and palm oil. The country also exportspetroleum and natural gas.Malaysia is rich in tin,iron ore, copper, and bauxite. Consumer andhigh-technology goods, including microchips,are produced here. Malaysia’s ports are impor-tant centers of trade as well. Kuala Lumpur(KWAH•luh LUM•PUR) is the capital and largestcity. The Petronas Towers—among the world’stallest buildings—soar above this city. In con-trast, many rural villagers live in thatched-roofhomes built on posts a few feet off the ground.

Most of Malaysia’s 25.1 million people belongto the Malay ethnic group. Their ancestors came

from southern China thousands of years ago. In the 1800s, theBritish—who then ruled Malaysia—brought in Chinese and SouthAsian workers to mine tin and to work on rubber plantations. As aresult, in marketplaces today you can hear Malay, Chinese, Tamil, andEnglish spoken. Most Malaysians are Muslims, but there are also largenumbers of Buddhists, Christians, and Hindus.

Where are the Petronas Towers located?

Singapore, Brunei, and thePhilippines

Singapore lies off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. It ismade up of Singapore Island and 58 smaller islands. Singapore is oneof the world’s smallest countries, yet it has one of the world’s mostproductive economies. The city of Singapore is the capital and takesup much of Singapore Island. Once covered by rain forests, SingaporeIsland now holds highways, factories, office buildings, and docks.

The city of Singapore has one of the world’s busiest harbors. It is a free port. This is a place where goods can be unloaded, stored, andshipped again without payment of import taxes. Huge amounts ofgoods pass through this port. Singapore’s many factories make high-tech goods,machinery,chemicals,and paper products.Because of theirproductive trade economy, the people of Singapore enjoy a high stan-dard of living.

Malaysia

•

A Malaysian workertaps a rubber tree toget the milky liquidcalled latex.

Economics Whatother products doesMalaysia export?

On Location

716 CHAPTER 25

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AssessmentAssessment22

Founded by the British in the early 1800s, Singapore became anindependent republic in 1965. Most of the country’s 4.2 million peo-ple are Chinese, but Malaysians and Indians make up about 25 percentof the population.

Brunei On the northern coast of Borneo lies another small nation—Brunei. Oil and natural gas exports provide about half of the country’sincome. Brunei’s citizens receive free education and medical care, aswell as low-cost housing, fuel, and food. Today the government isinvesting in new industries to avoid reliance on income from fuels. Allpolitical and economic decisions are made by Brunei’s sultan, or ruler.

The Philippines The Philippines includes about 7,000 islands inthe South China Sea. Volcanic mountains and forests dominate thelandscape. About 40 percent of the people farm. They have built ter-races on the steep mountain slopes. Terraced fields are strips of landcut out of a hillside like stair steps.

Cities in the Philippines are busy and modern. Manila, the coun-try’s capital, is a great commercial center. Factory workers here pro-duce high-tech goods, food products, chemicals, clothing, and shoes.

Named after King Philip II of Spain,the Philippines spent more than300 years as a Spanish colony.As a result of the Spanish-American War,the United States controlled the islands from 1898 until World War II.In 1946 the Philippines became an independent democratic republic.

The Philippines is the only Christian country in Southeast Asia.About 90 percent of Filipinos follow the Roman Catholic religion,brought to the islands by Spanish missionaries. The culture todayblends Malay, Spanish, and American influences.

For whom was the Philippines named and why?

Social StudiesSocial StudiesSocial StudiesSocial Studies

Web Activity VisitThe World and ItsPeople Web site attwip.glencoe.com andclick on Student WebActivities to learnmore about thePhilippines.

Defining Terms1. Define plate, strait, free port, terraced field.

Recalling Facts2. Location Which five islands are Indonesia’s

largest?

3. Economics Why do the people of Singaporeenjoy a high standard of living?

4. Culture What religion do most Filipinos practice?

Critical Thinking5. Making Inferences How does Brunei’s

government use its fuel income?

6. Drawing Conclusions Why is it difficultfor government officials to rule Indonesia?

Graphic Organizer7. Organizing Information Create a diagram

like this one. In the center, list similarities of thecountries listed. In the outer ovals, write twoways that the country differs from the others.

Applying Social Studies Skills

8. Analyzing Maps Look at the map on page .What countries share the island of Borneo?

Similarities

Malaysia

Brunei

Singapore

Philippines

Chapter 25—

709

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Shadow Puppets

SCIENCE CULTURE TECHNOLOGYART SCIENCE CULTURE TECHNOLOGYART

718 CHAPTER 25

Late at night, long after dark has fallenon a small stage in Java, a shadow puppetshow is about to begin. The glow of a lampshines behind a wide linen screen. Puppetsstand hidden from direct view. The “good”characters are on the right. The “bad” onesare placed on the left. The audience waitsanxiously on the other side of the screen.Once the story begins, the performance willcontinue until dawn.

The Performance

Wayang kulit, the ancient Indonesianshadow puppet theater, dates back at least 1,000 years. Today there are several thousandpuppeteers. This makes shadow puppets thestrongest theater tradition in Southeast Asia.

Shadow puppets are flat leather puppets.Many have movable limbs and mouths that areoperated by sticks. During the show, the pup-pets cast their shadows onto the screen. Thedalang, or puppeteer, sits behind the screenand manipulates the figures. He brings each tolife in one of the more than 200 traditionalpuppet stories.

The Stories

Although Islam is now the major religion ofIndonesia, much of the traditional shadow pup-pet theater is based on stories from two ancientHindu epics from India. At one time, the principalpurpose of shadow puppetry was to providemoral and religious instruction in Hinduism. Nowthe stories combine Hindu themes with elementsof Buddhism and Islam, as well as Indonesian his-tory and folklore. Often the performance is givenin celebration of public or religious holidays orto honor a wedding or birth.

The Puppeteer

The skill of the dalang is critical to theshow’s success. The dalang operates all the pup-pets, narrates the story, provides sound effects,and directs the gong, drum, and flute orchestrathat accompanies the puppet show. The pup-peteer changes his voice to create an individualsound for each character. The dalang performswithout a script or notes, adding jokes and mak-ing small changes to suit the crowd and the occa-sion. Because a shadow puppet show can last aslong as nine hours, the dalang must have both atremendous memory and great endurance.

Many dalangs carve their own puppets, hav-ing learned this art from earlier generations. Eachfigure must appear in a specific size, body build,and costume. Even the shape of the eyes tellsabout the figure’s character and mood.

h The dalang and his orchestra

1. How do shadow puppets move?

2. What kinds of stories do shadow puppet showspresent?

3. Drawing Conclusions In what way is the dalanga master of many different art forms?

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Chapter

2525

Terms to Know precious gemsdeforestationsocialismcivil war

Main Idea The countries of mainland Southeast Asia rely on agriculture as a majorsource of wealth. ✓Region Mainland Southeast Asia includes the countries of Myanmar, Thailand,

Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.✓Place These countries have highland areas and lowland river valleys with

fertile soil. Monsoons bring heavy rains in the summer.✓History Thailand is the only country in Southeast Asia that is free of the

influence of colonial rule.✓Economics Conflict has hurt the economies of Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.

Section 1 Life on the MainlandSection 1

Reading ReviewReading Review

Southeast Asia 719

Diverse Island CulturesTerms to Know platestraitfree portterraced field

Main Idea The island countries of Southeast Asia have a variety of cultures andeconomic activities. ✓Region The island countries of Southeast Asia include Indonesia, East Timor,

Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, and the Philippines.✓Place Indonesia—with the world’s fourth-largest population—is an

archipelago formed by volcanoes.✓Economics Indonesia has rich supplies of oil, natural gas, and minerals.✓Government Indonesia’s leaders face the challenge of creating a nation out

of a land with many different groups and political parties.✓Economics Malaysia produces palm oil and rubber, among other goods.

Its capital, Kuala Lumpur, is a commercial center.✓Economics The port of Singapore is one of the world’s busiest trading

centers.✓Culture The Philippines shows the influence of Malaysian, Spanish, and

American culture.

Section 2Section 2

People in Bangkok, Thailand, face traffic #snarls and pollution that are among the worst in the world.

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Chapter

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and ActivitiesAssessment

and Activities

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1. Mekong River 6. Singapore

2. South China Sea 7. Thailand

3. Gulf of Tonkin 8. Vietnam

4. Hanoi 9. Indian Ocean

5. Indonesia 10. Philippines

Southeast Asia

FB

D

I

E A

G

H

JC

Miller Cylindrical projection500

5000 mi.

0 km

N

S

EW

Place Location ActivityOn a separate sheet of paper, match the let-ters on the map with the numbered placeslisted below.

Using Key Terms Match the terms in Part A with their definitions in Part B.

A.1. free port 2. deforestation 3. plate 4. strait 5. terraced field6. civil war7. socialism8. precious gems

B.a. the widespread cutting of trees b. war fought between groups within a country c. strip of land cut out of a hillside d. economic system in which the government

owns many businesses

e. stones such as rubies, sapphires, and jadef. place where shipped goods are not taxedg. slab of rock that makes up the earth’s crust h. narrow body of water that runs between

two land areas

Reviewing the Main Ideas Section 1 Life on the Mainland

9. Economics What products do workers inThailand make?

10. Culture What are wats?11. Economics What countries have poor

economies because of recent conflict? 12. Economics How is Vietnam trying to

improve its economy?

Section 2 Diverse Island Cultures13. Economics How do nearly half of the

people of Indonesia make a living? 14. Location How does location make

Indonesia a center of trade? 15. Government Why does Indonesia have

many political parties? 16. Location Why is the Strait of Malacca

important?17. Economics What economic activities are

important in Singapore in addition to itsharbor industry?

18. Economics What resources have madeBrunei wealthy?

19. Culture How does religion show Spanishinfluence in the Philippines?

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Source: Minerals Yearbook.

Met

ric

Ton

s

79,000

51,000

38,000

14,000 12,500

010,00020,00030,00040,00050,000

80,000

Indon

esia

China Pe

ruBr

azil

Boliv

ia

70,00060,000

Top Tin Producers

Directions: Study the graph below, and thenanswer the questions that follow.

721

Country Land Economy People

Test-Taking Tip: In order to understandany type of graph, look carefully around thegraph for keys that show how it is organized.On this bar graph, the numbers along theleft side represent the exact number shown.You do not have to multiply by millions orbillions to find the number of metric tons.

Standardized Test Practice

Social StudiesSocial StudiesSocial StudiesSocial Studies

Self-Check Quiz Visit The World and ItsPeople Web site at twip.glencoe.com andclick on —Self-Check Quizzesto prepare for the Chapter Test.

H

Critical Thinking 20. Predicting Outcomes Experts believe that

Brunei has enough oil reserves to last until2018. What might happen to the country’seconomy and standard of living at that time?

21. Organizing Information Create a chart likethis one. List three countries—Indonesia, acountry from mainland Southeast Asia, andanother from island Southeast Asia. Underthe other columns, write two facts abouteach country you listed.

Comparing Regions Activity22. Geography Compare the island countries

of Southeast Asia to the island countries inthe Caribbean. What landforms are similarand different? How does geography affectthe economies of these island countries?Write a paragraph using the information you find.

Mental Mapping Activity 23. Focusing on the Region Draw a map of

Southeast Asia, and then label the following:

• Borneo • Philippines• Irrawaddy River • South China Sea• Java • Strait of Malacca• Malay Peninsula • Thailand

Technology Skills Activity24. Using the Internet Use the Internet to

learn about the foods in a Southeast Asiancountry. Find recipes and pictures. Prepare adisplay that shows a typical meal, or cookthe meal yourself and share it with the class.

1. About how much tin does Indonesia pro-duce each year? A 51,000,000 metric tons B 51,000 metric tons C 51.00 million metric tons D 51.00 billion metric tons

2. About how much tin does Bolivia produce each year? F 12,500 metric tons G 12,500,000 metric tons H 12.5 million metric tons J 12.5 billion metric tons

Chapter 25

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The World and Its People - Kentucky EditionKentucky Core Content for Social Studies AssessmentTable of ContentsCore Content for Social Studies Assessment, Grade 6Correlation to the Core Content for Social Studies AssessmentPreparing for Standardized TestsStandardized Test PracticeFocus on KentuckyDepth of Knowledge Levels

Table of ContentsPreviewing Your TextbookScavenger HuntReading Skills HandbookIdentifying Words and Building VocabularyReading for a ReasonUnderstanding What You ReadThinking About Your ReadingUnderstanding Text Structure

National Geographic Reference AtlasThe World: PoliticalNorth America: PoliticalNorth America: PhysicalUnited States: PoliticalUnited States: PhysicalCanada: Physical/PoliticalMiddle America: Physical/PoliticalSouth America: PoliticalSouth America: PhysicalEurope: PoliticalEurope: PhysicalAfrica: PoliticalAfrica: PhysicalAsia: PoliticalAsia: PhysicalMiddle East: Physical/PoliticalPacific Rim: Physical/PoliticalArctic Ocean: PhysicalAntarctica: Physical

National Geographic Geography HandbookHow Do I Study Geography?How Do I Use Maps and Globes?Understanding Latitude and LongitudeFrom Globes to MapsCommon Map ProjectionsParts of MapsTypes of MapsUsing Graphs, Charts, and DiagramsGeographic Dictionary

Be an Active ReaderUnit 1: The WorldChapter 1: Looking at the EarthSection 1: Thinking Like a GeographerSection 2: The Earth in SpaceSection 3: Forces Shaping the EarthSection 4: Landforms and WaterwaysChapter 1 Reading ReviewChapter 1 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 2: Water, Climate, and VegetationSection 1: The Water PlanetSection 2: ClimateSection 3: Climate Zones and VegetationSection 4: An Environmental BalanceChapter 2 Reading ReviewChapter 2 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 3: The World's PeopleSection 1: Understanding CultureSection 2: Population PatternsSection 3: Resources and World TradeSection 4: Technology “Shrinks” the WorldChapter 3 Reading ReviewChapter 3 Assessment and Activities

Unit 2: The United States and CanadaNational Geographic Regional AtlasChapter 4: The United StatesSection 1: From Sea to Shining SeaSection 2: An Economic LeaderSection 3: The AmericansChapter 4 Reading ReviewChapter 4 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 5: CanadaSection 1: A Resource-Rich CountrySection 2: The CanadiansChapter 5 Reading ReviewChapter 5 Assessment and Activities

Unit 3: Latin AmericaNational Geographic Regional AtlasChapter 6: MexicoSection 1: Mexico’s Land and EconomySection 2: Mexico’s HistorySection 3: Mexico TodayChapter 6 Reading ReviewChapter 6 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 7: Central America and the Caribbean IslandsSection 1: Central AmericaSection 2: Cultures of the CaribbeanChapter 7 Reading ReviewChapter 7 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 8: Brazil and Its NeighborsSection 1: Brazil—Emerging GiantSection 2: Argentina to VenezuelaChapter 8 Reading ReviewChapter 8 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 9: The Andean CountriesSection 1: Colombia’s Cultures and ChallengesSection 2: Land and People of Peru and EcuadorSection 3: The Bolivians and ChileansChapter 9 Reading ReviewChapter 9 Assessment and Activities

Unit 4: EuropeNational Geographic Regional AtlasChapter 10: Europe—Early HistorySection 1: Classical Greece and RomeSection 2: Medieval EuropeSection 3: From Renaissance to RevolutionChapter 10 Reading ReviewChapter 10 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 11: Europe—Modern HistorySection 1: The Modern Era EmergesSection 2: A Divided ContinentSection 3: Moving Toward UnityChapter 11 Reading ReviewChapter 11 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 12: Western Europe TodaySection 1: The British IslesSection 2: France and the Benelux CountriesSection 3: Germany and the Alpine CountriesSection 4: The Nordic NationsSection 5: Southern EuropeChapter 12 Reading ReviewChapter 12 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 13: The New Eastern EuropeSection 1: Poland and the Baltic RepublicsSection 2: Hungarians, Czechs, and SlovaksSection 3: Rebuilding the Balkan CountriesSection 4: Ukraine, Belarus, and MoldovaChapter 13 Reading ReviewChapter 13 Assessment and Activities

Unit 5: Russia and the Eurasian RepublicsNational Geographic Regional AtlasChapter 14: Russia’s Landscape and HistorySection 1: A Vast LandSection 2: A Troubled HistoryChapter 14 Reading ReviewChapter 14 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 15: The New Russia and Independent RepublicsSection 1: From Communism to Free EnterpriseSection 2: Russia’s People and CultureSection 3: The Republics EmergeChapter 15 Reading ReviewChapter 15 Assessment and Activities

Unit 6: North Africa and Southwest AsiaNational Geographic Regional AtlasChapter 16: Birthplace of CivilizationSection 1: Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptSection 2: Three World ReligionsChapter 16 Reading ReviewChapter 16 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 17: North Africa TodaySection 1: EgyptSection 2: Libya and the MaghrebChapter 17 Reading ReviewChapter 17 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 18: Southwest AsiaSection 1: Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, JordanSection 2: Israel and the Palestinian TerritoriesSection 3: The Arabian PeninsulaSection 4: Iraq, Iran, and AfghanistanChapter 18 Reading ReviewChapter 18 Assessment and Activities

Unit 7: Africa South of the SaharaNational Geographic Regional AtlasChapter 19: West AfricaSection 1: Nigeria—African GiantSection 2: The Sahel and Coastal West AfricaChapter 19 Reading ReviewChapter 19 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 20: Central and East AfricaSection 1: Central AfricaSection 2: People of Kenya and TanzaniaSection 3: Uganda, Rwanda, and BurundiSection 4: The Horn of AfricaChapter 20 Reading ReviewChapter 20 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 21: Southern Africa—A Varied RegionSection 1: The New South AfricaSection 2: Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, BotswanaSection 3: Coastal and Island CountriesChapter 21 Reading ReviewChapter 21 Assessment and Activities

Unit 8: AsiaNational Geographic Regional AtlasChapter 22: South AsiaSection 1: India—Past and PresentSection 2: Pakistan and BangladeshSection 3: Mountain Kingdoms, Island RepublicsChapter 22 Reading ReviewChapter 22 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 23: China and Its NeighborsSection 1: China’s Land and New EconomySection 2: Dynasties to CommunismSection 3: China’s NeighborsChapter 23 Reading ReviewChapter 23 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 24: Japan and the KoreasSection 1: Japan—Past and PresentSection 2: The Two KoreasChapter 24 Reading ReviewChapter 24 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 25: Southeast AsiaSection 1: Life on the MainlandSection 2: Diverse Island CulturesChapter 25 Reading ReviewChapter 25 Assessment and Activities

Unit 9: Australia, Oceania, and AntarcticaNational Geographic Regional AtlasChapter 26: Australia and New ZealandSection 1: Australia—Land Down UnderSection 2: New ZealandChapter 26 Reading ReviewChapter 26 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 27: Oceania and AntarcticaSection 1: Pacific Island Cultures and EconomiesSection 2: The Frozen ContinentChapter 27 Reading ReviewChapter 27 Assessment and Activities

AppendixWhat Is an Appendix?Nations of the World Data BankStandardized Test Skills HandbookHonoring AmericaGazetteerGlossarySpanish GlossaryIndexAcknowledgements

FeaturesNational Geographic Eye on the EnvironmentNational Geographic Geography & HistorySkillsSocial Studies SkillsCritical Thinking SkillsTechnology SkillsStudy and Writing Skills

Making ConnectionsArtScienceCultureTechnology

Exploring CultureExploring GovernmentTeen SceneBelieve It or Not!Primary SourceLiteratureBuilding CitizenshipExploring EconomicsTime Reports: Focus on World IssuesMapsCharts and Graphs

Student WorkbooksActive Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student EditionChapter 1: Looking at the EarthSection 1: Thinking Like a GeographerSection 2: The Earth in SpaceSection 3: Forces Shaping the EarthSection 4: Landforms and Waterways

Chapter 2: Water, Climate, and VegetationSection 1: The Water PlanetSection 2: ClimateSection 3: Climate Zones and VegetationSection 4: An Environmental Balance

Chapter 3: The World's PeopleSection 1: Understanding CultureSection 2: Population PatternsSection 3: Resources and World TradeSection 4: Technology “Shrinks” the World

Chapter 4: The United StatesSection 1: From Sea to Shining SeaSection 2: An Economic LeaderSection 3: The Americans

Chapter 5: CanadaSection 1: A Resource-Rich CountrySection 2: The Canadians

Chapter 6: MexicoSection 1: Mexico’s Land and EconomySection 2: Mexico’s HistorySection 3: Mexico Today

Chapter 7: Central America and the Caribbean IslandsSection 1: Central AmericaSection 2: Cultures of the Caribbean

Chapter 8: Brazil and Its NeighborsSection 1: Brazil—Emerging GiantSection 2: Argentina to Venezuela

Chapter 9: The Andean CountriesSection 1: Colombia’s Cultures and ChallengesSection 2: Land and People of Peru and EcuadorSection 3: The Bolivians and Chileans

Chapter 10: Europe—Early HistorySection 1: Classical Greece and RomeSection 2: Medieval EuropeSection 3: From Renaissance to Revolution

Chapter 11: Europe—Modern HistorySection 1: The Modern Era EmergesSection 2: A Divided ContinentSection 3: Moving Toward Unity

Chapter 12: Western Europe TodaySection 1: The British IslesSection 2: France and the Benelux CountriesSection 3: Germany and the Alpine CountriesSection 4: The Nordic NationsSection 5: Southern Europe

Chapter 13: The New Eastern EuropeSection 1: Poland and the Baltic RepublicsSection 2: Hungarians, Czechs, and SlovaksSection 3: Rebuilding the Balkan CountriesSection 4: Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova

Chapter 14: Russia’s Landscape and HistorySection 1: A Vast LandSection 2: A Troubled History

Chapter 15: The New Russia and Independent RepublicsSection 1: From Communism to Free EnterpriseSection 2: Russia’s People and CultureSection 3: The Republics Emerge

Chapter 16: Birthplace of CivilizationSection 1: Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptSection 2: Three World Religions

Chapter 17: North Africa TodaySection 1: EgyptSection 2: Libya and the Maghreb

Chapter 18: Southwest AsiaSection 1: Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, JordanSection 2: Israel and the Palestinian TerritoriesSection 3: The Arabian PeninsulaSection 4: Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan

Chapter 19: West AfricaSection 1: Nigeria—African GiantSection 2: The Sahel and Coastal West Africa

Chapter 20: Central and East AfricaSection 1: Central AfricaSection 2: People of Kenya and TanzaniaSection 3: Uganda, Rwanda, and BurundiSection 4: The Horn of Africa

Chapter 21: Southern Africa—A Varied RegionSection 1: The New South AfricaSection 2: Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, BotswanaSection 3: Coastal and Island Countries

Chapter 22: South AsiaSection 1: India—Past and PresentSection 2: Pakistan and BangladeshSection 3: Mountain Kingdoms, Island Republics

Chapter 23: China and Its NeighborsSection 1: China’s Land and New EconomySection 2: Dynasties to CommunismSection 3: China’s Neighbors

Chapter 24: Japan and the KoreasSection 1: Japan—Past and PresentSection 2: The Two Koreas

Chapter 25: Southeast AsiaSection 1: Life on the MainlandSection 2: Diverse Island Cultures

Chapter 26: Australia and New ZealandSection 1: Australia—Land Down UnderSection 2: New Zealand

Chapter 27: Oceania and AntarcticaSection 1: Pacific Island Cultures and EconomiesSection 2: The Frozen Continent

Activity Workbook - Student EditionChapter 1: Looking at the EarthActivity A: Recognizing Our Solar SystemActivity B: Identifying Landforms

Chapter 2: Water, Climate, and VegetationActivity A: Understanding the Water CycleActivity B: Charting Climate Characteristics

Chapter 3: The World's PeopleActivity A: Recognizing the Culture RegionsActivity B: Identifying Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources

Chapter 4: The United StatesActivity A: Identifying Major Landforms in the United StatesActivity B: Recognizing the Features of Your Region

Chapter 5: CanadaActivity: Identifying Characteristics of the Canadian Provinces and Territories

Chapter 6: MexicoActivity A: Identifying Mexico's Altitude ZonesActivity B: Understanding Mexico's Native American Heritage

Chapter 7: Central America and the Caribbean IslandsActivity A: Recognizing Central American CapitalsActivity B: Recognizing the Physical Characteristics of the Caribbean Islands

Chapter 8: Brazil and Its NeighborsActivity A: Identifying Landforms in BrazilActivity B: Identifying the History and Cultures of Caribbean South America

Chapter 9: The Andean CountriesActivity: Recognizing the Mineral Resources of the Andean Countries

Chapter 10: Europe—Early HistoryActivity A: Understanding the History of Early EuropeActivity B: Identifying Important Figures of the Renaissance and Reformation

Chapter 11: Europe—Modern HistoryActivity A: Analyzing Changes in European HistoryActivity B: Understanding the Cold War

Chapter 12: Western Europe TodayActivity A: Charting the Economies of Western EuropeActivity B: Identifying the Geographic Characteristics of Western EuropeActivity C: Identifying the Populations of Countries in Northern EuropeActivity D: Recognizing the Physical Characteristics of Southern Europe

Chapter 13: The New Eastern EuropeActivity A: Locating Eastern European Countries and Their Capital CitiesActivity B: Identifying Characteristics of Eastern Europe

Chapter 14: Russia’s Landscape and HistoryActivity A: Identifying Major Geographic Features of RussiaActivity B: Appreciating the History of Russia

Chapter 15: The New Russia and Independent RepublicsActivity A: Identifying Russia's Economic RegionsActivity B: Recognizing the Capitals of the Caucasus and Central Asia

Chapter 16: Birthplace of CivilizationActivity A: Recognizing Early CivilizationsActivity B: Identifying Religions of Southwest Asia

Chapter 17: North Africa TodayActivity A: Interpreting an Economic Activity Map of North AfricaActivity B: Creating and Interpreting a Pictograph

Chapter 18: Southwest AsiaActivity A: Interpreting a Physical MapActivity B: The Cities and People of Southwest Asia

Chapter 19: West AfricaActivity: Recognizing the Countries of West Africa

Chapter 20: Central and East AfricaActivity A: Recognizing the Physical Characteristics of Central AfricaActivity B: Recognizing the History of East Africa

Chapter 21: Southern Africa—A Varied RegionActivity: Recognizing the Resources in Southern Africa

Chapter 22: South AsiaActivity A: Recognizing the Physical Features of South AsiaActivity B: Recognizing the Cultural Features of South Asia

Chapter 23: China and Its NeighborsActivity A: Identifying the Landforms of ChinaActivity B: Recognizing China's People and CultureActivity C: Identifying China's Neighbors and New Territories

Chapter 24: Japan and the KoreasActivity A: Understanding Japan's HistoryActivity B: Recognizing the Location of Korea

Chapter 25: Southeast AsiaActivity A: Recognizing the Varied Features of Southeast Asian CountriesActivity B: Locating the Capital of Southeast Asia

Chapter 26: Australia and New ZealandActivity: Understanding the Unique Characteristics of Australia and New Zealand

Chapter 27: Oceania and AntarcticaActivity A: Identifying the Geographic and Economic Characteristics of OceaniaActivity B: Recognizing the Unique Characteristics of Antarctica

Haitian Creole SummariesChapit 1: Le n'ap gade Latè aChapit 2: Dlo, Klima ak VejetasyonChapit 3: Pèp Monn nanChapit 4: LèzetaziniChapit 5: KanadaChapit 6: MeksikChapit 7: Amerik Santral ak Zil Karayib yoChapit 8: Brezil ak Vwazen Li yoChapit 9: Peyi Zann yoChapit 10: Ewòp - Istwa AnsyenChapit 11: Ewòp - Istwa ModènChapit 12: Ewòp De Lwès Jodi aChapit 13: Nouvo Ewòp de Lès laChapit 14: Peyizaj ak Istwa LarisiChapit 15: Nouvo Risi an ak Repiblik Endepandan yoChapit 16: Bèso Sivilizasyon anChapit 17: Afrik Dinè Jodi aChapit 18: Azi Di SidwèsChapit 19: Afrik De LwèsChapit 20: Afrik Sentral ak Afrik De LèsChapit 21: Sid Afrik la -Yon Rejyon VaryeChapit 22: Lazi DisidChapit 23: Lachin ak Vwazen Li yoChapit 24: Japon ak Kore yoChapit 25: Lazi di SidèsChapit 26: Ostrali ak Nouvèl ZelannChapit 27: Oseyani ak Antatik la

Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student EditionChapter 1: Looking at the EarthStudy Guide 1: Thinking Like a GeographerStudy Guide 2: The Earth in SpaceStudy Guide 3: Forces Shaping the EarthStudy Guide 4: Landforms and Waterways

Chapter 2: Water, Climate, and VegetationStudy Guide 1: The Water PlanetStudy Guide 2: ClimateStudy Guide 3: Climate Zones and VegetationStudy Guide 4: An Environmental Balance

Chapter 3: The World's PeopleStudy Guide 1: Understanding CultureStudy Guide 2: Population PatternsStudy Guide 3: Resources and World TradeStudy Guide 4: Technology “Shrinks” the World

Chapter 4: The United StatesStudy Guide 1: From Sea to Shining SeaStudy Guide 2: An Economic LeaderStudy Guide 3: The Americans

Chapter 5: CanadaStudy Guide 1: A Resource-Rich CountryStudy Guide 2: The Canadians

Chapter 6: MexicoStudy Guide 1: Mexico’s Land and EconomyStudy Guide 2: Mexico’s HistoryStudy Guide 3: Mexico Today

Chapter 7: Central America and the Caribbean IslandsStudy Guide 1: Central AmericaStudy Guide 2: Cultures of the Caribbean

Chapter 8: Brazil and Its NeighborsStudy Guide 1: Brazil—Emerging GiantStudy Guide 2: Argentina to Venezuela

Chapter 9: The Andean CountriesStudy Guide 1: Colombia’s Cultures and ChallengesStudy Guide 2: Land and People of Peru and EcuadorStudy Guide 3: The Bolivians and Chileans

Chapter 10: Europe—Early HistoryStudy Guide 1: Classical Greece and RomeStudy Guide 2: Medieval EuropeStudy Guide 3: From Renaissance to Revolution

Chapter 11: Europe—Modern HistoryStudy Guide 1: The Modern Era EmergesStudy Guide 2: A Divided ContinentStudy Guide 3: Moving Toward Unity

Chapter 12: Western Europe TodayStudy Guide 1: The British IslesStudy Guide 2: France and the Benelux CountriesStudy Guide 3: Germany and the Alpine CountriesStudy Guide 4: The Nordic NationsStudy Guide 5: Southern Europe

Chapter 13: The New Eastern EuropeStudy Guide 1: Poland and the Baltic RepublicsStudy Guide 2: Hungarians, Czechs, and SlovaksStudy Guide 3: Rebuilding the Balkan CountriesStudy Guide 4: Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova

Chapter 14: Russia’s Landscape and HistoryStudy Guide 1: A Vast LandStudy Guide 2: A Troubled History

Chapter 15: The New Russia and Independent RepublicsStudy Guide 1: From Communism to Free EnterpriseStudy Guide 2: Russia’s People and CultureStudy Guide 3: The Republics Emerge

Chapter 16: Birthplace of CivilizationStudy Guide 1: Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptStudy Guide 2: Three World Religions

Chapter 17: North Africa TodayStudy Guide 1: EgyptStudy Guide 2: Libya and the Maghreb

Chapter 18: Southwest AsiaStudy Guide 1: Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, JordanStudy Guide 2: Israel and the Palestinian TerritoriesStudy Guide 3: The Arabian PeninsulaStudy Guide 4: Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan

Chapter 19: West AfricaStudy Guide 1: Nigeria—African GiantStudy Guide 2: The Sahel and Coastal West Africa

Chapter 20: Central and East AfricaStudy Guide 1: Central AfricaStudy Guide 2: People of Kenya and TanzaniaStudy Guide 3: Uganda, Rwanda, and BurundiStudy Guide 4: The Horn of Africa

Chapter 21: Southern Africa—A Varied RegionStudy Guide 1: The New South AfricaStudy Guide 2: Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, BotswanaStudy Guide 3: Coastal and Island Countries

Chapter 22: South AsiaStudy Guide 1: India—Past and PresentStudy Guide 2: Pakistan and BangladeshStudy Guide 3: Mountain Kingdoms, Island Republics

Chapter 23: China and Its NeighborsStudy Guide 1: China’s Land and New EconomyStudy Guide 2: Dynasties to CommunismStudy Guide 3: China’s Neighbors

Chapter 24: Japan and the KoreasStudy Guide 1: Japan—Past and PresentStudy Guide 2: The Two Koreas

Chapter 25: Southeast AsiaStudy Guide 1: Life on the MainlandStudy Guide 2: Diverse Island Cultures

Chapter 26: Australia and New ZealandStudy Guide 1: Australia—Land Down UnderStudy Guide 2: New Zealand

Chapter 27: Oceania and AntarcticaStudy Guide 1: Pacific Island Cultures and EconomiesStudy Guide 2: The Frozen Continent

Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student EditionCapítulo 1: Mirar la TierraGuía de estudio 1: Pensar como un geógrafoGuía de estudio 2: La Tierra en el espacioGuía de estudio 3: Las fuerzas que dan forma a la Tierra Guía de estudio 4: Accidentes geográficos y vías fluviales

Capítulo 2: Agua, clima y vegetaciónGuía de estudio 1: El planeta del aguaGuía de estudio 2: ClimaGuía de estudio 3: Zonas climáticas y la vegetaciónGuía de estudio 4: Un equilibrio ambiental

Capítulo 3: Los pueblos del mundoGuía de estudio 1: Comprender la culturaGuía de estudio 2: Los patrones de poblaciónGuía de estudio 3: Recursos y comercio mundialGuía de estudio 4: La tecnología “encoge”el mundo

Capítulo 4: Estados UnidosGuía de estudio 1: Un territorio extenso y pintorescoGuía de estudio 2: Un líder de la economíaGuía de estudio 3: Los estadounidenses

Capítulo 5: CanadáGuía de estudio 1: Un país rico en recursosGuía de estudio 2: Los habitantes de Canadá

Capítulo 6: MéxicoGuía de estudio 1: Geografía física y economía de MéxicoGuía de estudio 2: Historia de MéxicoGuía de estudio 3: México hoy

Capítulo 7: América Central y las islas del CaribeGuía de estudio 1: América CentralGuía de estudio 2: Las culturas del Caribe

Capítulo 8: Brasil y sus vecinosGuía de estudio 1: Un gigante que emergeGuía de estudio 2: De Argentina a Venezuela

Capítulo 9: Los países AndinosGuía de estudio 1: La cultura y los desafíos de ColombiaGuía de estudio 2: Los territorios y pueblos de Perú y EcuadorGuía de estudio 3: Los bolivianos y los chilenos

Capítulo 10: Europa: historia antiguaGuía de estudio 1: Grecia y Roma clásicasGuía de estudio 2: Europa medievalGuía de estudio 3: Del Renacimiento a la revolución

Capítulo 11: Europa, su historia modernaGuía de estudio 1: Comienzo de la era modernaGuía de estudio 2: Un continente divididoGuía de estudio 3: Hacia la unidad

Capítulo 12: Europa occidental en la actualidadGuía de estudio 1: Las islas británicasGuía de estudio 2: Francia y los países del BeneluxGuía de estudio 3: Alemania y los países alpinosGuía de estudio 4: Los países nórdicosGuía de estudio 5: Sur de Europa

Capítulo 13: La nueva Europa del esteGuía de estudio 1: Polonia y las repúblicas bálticasGuía de estudio 2: Húngaros, checos y eslovacosGuía de estudio 3: La reconstrucción de los países balcánicosGuía de estudio 4: Ucrania, Bielorrusia y Moldavia

Capítulo 14: La geografía y la historia de RusiaGuía de estudio 1: Una vasta tierraGuía de estudio 2: Una historia de conflictos

Capítulo 15: La nueva Rusia y las repúblicas independientesGuía de estudio 1: Del comunismo a la libre empresaGuía de estudio 2: El pueblo y la cultura de RusiaGuía de estudio 3: Las repúblicas emergen

Capítulo 16: Nacimiento de la civilizaciónGuía de estudio 1: Mesopotamia y Egipto antiguoGuía de estudio 2: Tres religiones mundiales

Capítulo 17: África del norte en la actualidadGuía de estudio 1: EgiptoGuía de estudio 2: Libia y el Magreb

Capítulo 18: Sudoeste de asiaGuía de estudio 1: Turquía, Siria, Líbano y JordaniaGuía de estudio 2: Israel y los territorios palestinosGuía de estudio 3: La Península ArábigaGuía de estudio 4: Irak, Irán y Afganistán

Capítulo 19: África OccidentalGuía de estudio 1: Nigeria: El gigante africanoeGuía de estudio 2: El Sahel y la costa de África occidental

Capítulo 20: África central y del esteGuía de estudio 1: África centralGuía de estudio 2: Los habitantes de Kenia y TanzaniaGuía de estudio 3: Uganda, Ruanda y BurundiGuía de estudio 4: El cuerno de África

Capítulo 21: África meridional: Una región variadaGuía de estudio 1: La nueva SudáfricaGuía de estudio 2: Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe y BotswanaGuía de estudio 3: Los países de la costa y de las islas

Capítulo 22: El sur de AsiaGuía de estudio 1: India: Pasado y presenteGuía de estudio 2: Paquistán y BangladeshGuía de estudio 3: Reinos en las montañas y repúblicas en las islas

Capítulo 23: China y países vecinosGuía de estudio 1: El territorio de China y la nueva economíaGuía de estudio 2: De las dinastías al comunismoGuía de estudio 3: Los países vecinos de China

Capítulo 24: Japón y las CoreasGuía de estudio 1: Japón: pasado y presenteGuía de estudio 2: Las dos Coreas

Capítulo 25: El sudeste AsiáticoGuía de estudio 1: La vida en el continenteGuía de estudio 2: La diversidad de las culturas isleñas

Capítulo 26: Australia y Nueva ZelandaGuía de estudio 1: Australia: “La tierra del sur”Guía de estudio 2: Nueva Zelanda

Capítulo 27: Oceanía y la AntártidaGuía de estudio 1: Culturas y economía de las islas del PacíficoGuía de estudio 2: El continente helado

Spanish SummariesCapítulo 1: Observar la TierraCapítulo 2: El agua, el clima y la vegetaciónCapítulo 3: La población mundialCapítulo 4: Los Estados UnidosCapítulo 5: CanadáCapítulo 6: MéxicoCapítulo 7: América Central y las islas del CaribeCapítulo 8: Brasil y sus vecinosCapítulo 9: Los países andinosCapítulo 10: Europa: historia antiguaCapítulo 11: Europa: historia modernaCapítulo 12: Europa occidental hoy en díaCapítulo 13: Europa oriental hoy en díaCapítulo 14: Relieve e historia de RusiaCapítulo 15: La nueva Rusia y las repúblicas independientesCapítulo 16: La Cuna de la civilizationCapítulo 17: África del norteCapítulo 18: El sudoeste asiáticoCapítulo 19: África OccidentalCapítulo 20: África central y orientalCapítulo 21: África del sur: una región variadaCapítulo 22: El sureste asiáticoCapítulo 23: China y sus vecinosCapítulo 24: Japón y las CoreasCapítulo 25: El sudeste asiáticoCapítulo 26: Australia y Nueva ZelandaCapítulo 27: Oceanía y la Antártida

Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student EditionObjectives Addressed in the ActivitiesWorkbook OverviewPreparing for a Standardized TestActivity: Reading a Map ScaleActivity: Interpreting DiagramsActivity: Making InferencesActivity: Interpreting a Visual ImageActivity: Using a Bar Graph to Interpret DataActivity: Analyzing a Political CartoonActivity: Recognizing a Point of ViewActivity: Analyzing Graphs and TablesActivity: Comparing and ContrastingActivity: Making GeneralizationsActivity: Interpreting EditorialsActivity: Interpreting Charts and TablesActivity: Using Time LinesActivity: Perceiving Cause-and-Effect RelationshipsActivity: Solving a ProblemActivity: Distinguishing Between Fact and OpinionActivity: Identifying and Evaluating SourcesActivity: Making DecisionsActivity: Interpreting GraphsActivity: Identifying the Main IdeaActivity: Recognizing Forms of PropagandaActivity: Persuasive Writing About an IssueActivity: Classifying Facts and DetailsActivity: Forming HypothesesActivity: Drawing ConclusionsActivity: Detecting BiasActivity: Predicting Outcomes

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