CHAPTERCHAPTER 25 25PART 1PART 1

INDIAINDIA

INVASIONS, EMPIRES, AND INVASIONS, EMPIRES, AND INDEPENDENCEINDEPENDENCE

FIRST CIVILIZATIONS IN THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS IN THE INDUS VALLEY AROUND 2500 INDUS VALLEY AROUND 2500

B.C.B.C. ARYAN PEOPLE SETTLED ON THE ARYAN PEOPLE SETTLED ON THE

PLAINSPLAINS LOWER GANGES PEOPLE LOWER GANGES PEOPLE PRACTICED BUDDHISM AND PRACTICED BUDDHISM AND

THEIR LEADER HELPED SPREAD THEIR LEADER HELPED SPREAD IT THROUGHOUT ASIAIT THROUGHOUT ASIA

INVADERSINVADERS

MUSLIMS MUSLIMS CONQUERED THE CONQUERED THE

INDUS VALLEY AND INDUS VALLEY AND ESTABLISHED THE ESTABLISHED THE

MUGHAL EMPIREMUGHAL EMPIRE IN IN THE 1500STHE 1500S

BRITAIN ESTABLISHED INDIA BRITAIN ESTABLISHED INDIA AS A COLONY FROM 1857-AS A COLONY FROM 1857-1947, A PERIOD KNOWN AS 1947, A PERIOD KNOWN AS

THE THE RAJRAJ

GANDHIGANDHI LEADER OF THE INDIANLEADER OF THE INDIAN

PEOPLE WHO WANTEDPEOPLE WHO WANTEDINDEPENDENCE FROM BRITAININDEPENDENCE FROM BRITAIN

HIS PROTEST MOVEMENT WAS HIS PROTEST MOVEMENT WAS BASED BASED

ON ON NON-VIOLENT NON-VIOLENT RESISTANCERESISTANCE

LATER, LATER, MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. WOULD WOULD ADOPT HIS METHODS DURING THE 1960’S ADOPT HIS METHODS DURING THE 1960’S

CIVIL RIGHTS DEMONSTRATIONS IN THE U.S.CIVIL RIGHTS DEMONSTRATIONS IN THE U.S.

WORLD’S LARGEST WORLD’S LARGEST DEMOCRACYDEMOCRACY

WORLD’S LARGEST WORLD’S LARGEST DEMOCRACYDEMOCRACY

INDIA HAS A PARLIAMENTARY INDIA HAS A PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM LIKE GREAT BRITAINSYSTEM LIKE GREAT BRITAIN

IT HAS A STRONG CENTRAL IT HAS A STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT LIKE THE UNITED GOVERNMENT LIKE THE UNITED

STATESSTATES IT IS A MULTICULTURAL IT IS A MULTICULTURAL

COUNTRYCOUNTRY THERE ARE TENSIONS BETWEEN THERE ARE TENSIONS BETWEEN

SOME ETHNIC GROUPSSOME ETHNIC GROUPS

THE GREAT MIGRATIONTHE GREAT MIGRATION

IN 1947, MUSLIMS WERE FORCED TO IN 1947, MUSLIMS WERE FORCED TO LEAVE INDIA IN A NEWLY-CREATED LEAVE INDIA IN A NEWLY-CREATED NATION CALLED PAKISTANNATION CALLED PAKISTAN

THOSE IN EAST INDIA MOVED TO THOSE IN EAST INDIA MOVED TO EAST PAKISTANEAST PAKISTAN (NOW BANGLADESH) (NOW BANGLADESH) AND THOSE IN WEST INDIA MOVED TO AND THOSE IN WEST INDIA MOVED TO

WEST PAKISTANWEST PAKISTAN

TWO ETHNIC GROUPS, THE TWO ETHNIC GROUPS, THE SIKHSSIKHS AND THE AND THE TAMILS TAMILS HAVE BEEN HAVE BEEN

RESPONSIBLE FOR RESPONSIBLE FOR ASSASSINATION AND VIOLENCEASSASSINATION AND VIOLENCE IN SPITE OF THIS, INDIA HAS IN SPITE OF THIS, INDIA HAS

MAINTAINED PEACEFUL MAINTAINED PEACEFUL GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

ECONOMIC CHALLENGESECONOMIC CHALLENGES 2/3 OF INDIA’S PEOPLE 2/3 OF INDIA’S PEOPLE

ARE FARMERSARE FARMERS

1/5 OF INDIA’S 1/5 OF INDIA’S POPULATION LIVES IN POPULATION LIVES IN

POVERTYPOVERTY

5 % OF FAMILIES IN 5 % OF FAMILIES IN INDIA OWN NEARLY 25 INDIA OWN NEARLY 25

% OF THE LAND% OF THE LAND

THIS MEANS THAT THIS MEANS THAT MOST INDIANS MOST INDIANS

STRUGGLE TO RAISE STRUGGLE TO RAISE ENOUGH FOOD TO ENOUGH FOOD TO

FEED THEIR FAMILIESFEED THEIR FAMILIES

LAND REFORMLAND REFORM

LOOK IN YOUR BOOK ON PAGE LOOK IN YOUR BOOK ON PAGE 569.569.

WHY HAS LAND REFORM NOT WHY HAS LAND REFORM NOT BEEN ADOPTED IN INDIA AS IT BEEN ADOPTED IN INDIA AS IT WAS IN LATIN AMERICA?WAS IN LATIN AMERICA?

WHAT COULD LAND REFORM DO WHAT COULD LAND REFORM DO FOR INDIAN FARMERS?FOR INDIAN FARMERS?

GREEN REVOLUTIONGREEN REVOLUTION HIGHER-YIELDING CROPS HAVE HIGHER-YIELDING CROPS HAVE

IMPROVED CROP YIELDSIMPROVED CROP YIELDS SOME PEASANT FARMERS DO SOME PEASANT FARMERS DO

NOT HAVE ENOUGH LAND OR NOT HAVE ENOUGH LAND OR MONEY TO BENEFIT FROM NEW MONEY TO BENEFIT FROM NEW

CROPS.CROPS.

Look at the map on page 569Look at the map on page 569

What three cities are the centers of What three cities are the centers of industrial activity?industrial activity? KolkataKolkata

ChennaiChennaiMumbaiMumbai

What What non-agricultural productsnon-agricultural products does does India produce?India produce?

BangaloreBangalore is one of the leading high-tech is one of the leading high-tech cities in the world and home to computer cities in the world and home to computer software service centerssoftware service centers

Modern LifeModern Life Marriage and family are at the center Marriage and family are at the center

of Indian life. Marriages are often of Indian life. Marriages are often arranged by parents for their arranged by parents for their children, and divorce is rare.children, and divorce is rare.

A bride adjustsHer jewelry on

Her henna-tattooedHands. The dyeWill fade after a

Few weeks.

Sports and EntertainmentSports and Entertainment Indians enjoy Indians enjoy soccer, field hockey, soccer, field hockey,

cricketcricket (learned from the British) (learned from the British) Indians also are avid movie fans.Indians also are avid movie fans.

More movies are produced in India More movies are produced in India than any other place, including than any other place, including

HollywoodHollywood. Mumbai is nicknamed . Mumbai is nicknamed ““BollywoodBollywood” because of its ” because of its

influence on the film industry.influence on the film industry.

EducationEducation

In spite of education advances from the In spite of education advances from the 1950’s, 1950’s, literacy for girls is lower than literacy for girls is lower than that for boys.that for boys.

Some girls still marry at age Some girls still marry at age 16 or 1716 or 17.. Education in poor areas of large cities is Education in poor areas of large cities is

irregular and not required, since irregular and not required, since most most children work to earn wages for the children work to earn wages for the family.family.

The government has made education at The government has made education at priority for all children.priority for all children.

India is a multilingual country.The official language is Hindi,but English is widely spoken.

The biggest difference in languagesis between the north and south,because of the Aryan conquest

Of India.