Chapter 24Chapter 24

The World War II EraThe World War II Era

► First they came for the Communists, First they came for the Communists, and I didn’t speak up, and I didn’t speak up, because I wasn’t a Communist. because I wasn’t a Communist.

► Then they locked up the Then they locked up the social democrats,,I remained silent;I remained silent;I was not a social democrat. I was not a social democrat.

► Then they came for the Jews, Then they came for the Jews, and I didn’t speak up, and I didn’t speak up, because I wasn’t a Jew. because I wasn’t a Jew.

► Then they came for me, Then they came for me, ► and by that time there was no one left to and by that time there was no one left to

speak up for me. speak up for me. ► by Rev. Martin Niemoller, 1945by Rev. Martin Niemoller, 1945

Ch. 24, Sec. 1Ch. 24, Sec. 1Events Leading to the Outbreak

EventEvent

Economic Economic problems andproblems and social social unrest unrest after World War after World War I.I.

Encouraged the rise of dictators who took control of their countries.

How it contributed

Soviet CommunismSoviet Communism

►19291929 – Josef – Josef StalinStalin was dictator of was dictator of Soviet UnionSoviet Union. He turned it into a . He turned it into a totalitariantotalitarian state= state= a nation in which a a nation in which a single party controls the government single party controls the government and every aspect of people’s lives.and every aspect of people’s lives.

►Goal was to Goal was to controlcontrol and and modernize modernize industry industry and and agricultureagriculture – government – government ownedowned the land the land

► If you If you resisted,resisted, you could be killed or you could be killed or sent to sent to labor camps.labor camps.

FascismFascism takes hold takes hold in in Italy and and GermanyGermany..

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini was appointed was appointed Italy’Italy’s prime s prime minister. He minister. He turned Italy into a turned Italy into a FascistFascist state, which state, which is a political system is a political system based on based on militarismmilitarism, extreme , extreme nationalism, and nationalism, and blind loyalty to the blind loyalty to the state and its state and its leaderleader..

MussoliniMussolini

►Ended freedom of Ended freedom of presspress and banned and banned all all political parties political parties except his own. except his own.

►CriticsCritics were were jailedjailed or murdered. or murdered.

►““Mussolini is always right”Mussolini is always right”

Germany and HitlerGermany and Hitler

►Germany was Germany was angryangry because they had because they had to pay to pay reparationsreparations for losing WW1. for losing WW1.

►Used German Used German resentmentresentment of WWI of WWI treaty-treaty-VersaillesVersailles Treaty Treaty

►Message of Message of racialracial and and religiousreligious hatred- hatred-Germans “Germans “AryanAryan” master race” master race

►DepressionDepression increased Hitler’s increased Hitler’s popularitypopularity

►Germans looked toGermans looked to Hitler Hitler to solve their to solve their problemsproblems

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler becomes becomes the leader of the leader of Germany. BecameGermany. Became chancellor chancellor in in 19331933

Formed political Formed political party-National party-National SocialistSocialist German German Worker’sWorker’s Party- Party-NazisNazis

He created a He created a totalitariantotalitarian state state

-could -could not criticize not criticize the government.the government.

Needed a Needed a scapegoatscapegoat - - Blamed Blamed JewsJews for for troubles = troubles = Anti-Anti-SemitismSemitism

-passed anti-Semitic-passed anti-Semitic laws laws against the Jews.against the Jews.

--depriveddeprived of of citizenshipcitizenship, jobs, jobs

-Jews were-Jews were banned banned from from schoolsschools and and professionsprofessions, some , some were attacked. In were attacked. In 1938, 1938, the German the German troopstroops started to round started to round them up.them up.

Hitler & Nazi GermanyHitler & Nazi Germany

►Sent toSent to concentration concentration campscamps►FINAL SOLUTIONFINAL SOLUTION-kill all of the Jews in -kill all of the Jews in

EuropeEurope►Built up Built up armedarmed forces- forces-violationviolation of of

Versailles TreatyVersailles Treaty►Hitler believed that the rest of Europe Hitler believed that the rest of Europe

would “would “never actnever act””

Japan*Japanese *Japanese militarymilitary takes takes over over governmentgovernment. . Japan invades Japan invades ChinaChina and and ManchuriaManchuria. . *League of Nations protests, but protests, but takes takes no actionno action..

*Japan treat *Japan treat China China brutallybrutally – – civilianscivilians and and prisoners prisoners massacred. massacred.

**JapanJapan becomes an becomes an aggressiveaggressive force in the force in the PacificPacific Region. Region.

Events contributing to WWIIEvents contributing to WWII

ItalyItaly invades invades EthiopiaEthiopia. .

--weapons outdated weapons outdated =no match for Italy.=no match for Italy.

The emperor, The emperor, Haile Haile Selassie appealed Selassie appealed toto

the the League of League of Nations Nations for aid – for aid – members had their members had their own problemsown problems

Ethiopia fell to Ethiopia fell to Italy.Italy.

Events contributing to WWIIEvents contributing to WWIIHitler Hitler vowedvowed to to unite unite all German all German speakingspeaking people. people.

HitlerHitler violates the violates the Treaty of Treaty of VersaillesVersailles without without punishment punishment and and rebuilt Germany’s rebuilt Germany’s armed forces.armed forces.

Sent troops into Sent troops into the the Rhineland,Rhineland, then he occupied then he occupied AustriaAustria – no one – no one protested.protested.

Invaded Invaded Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia – – Britain and Britain and France France protested – met protested – met with Hitlerwith Hitler

Events contributing to WWIIEvents contributing to WWIILeadersLeaders wanted to wanted to appeaseappease Hitler. Hitler.

Appeasement – Appeasement –

A policy of giving A policy of giving in to aggression in in to aggression in order to avoid warorder to avoid war..

MunichMunich Pact – Pact – Britain Britain and France and France agreed to let Hitler agreed to let Hitler occupy occupy SudetenlandSudetenland/part /part of Czech. – in of Czech. – in return:return:

Hitler Hitler would seek would seek nono more more territoryterritory..

A few months later A few months later he he tooktook all of all of Czechoslovakia.Czechoslovakia.

Events contributing to WWIIEvents contributing to WWII United States United States went back to a went back to a policypolicy of of isolationism. isolationism.

U.S. U.S. CongressCongress passes the passes the Neutrality ActNeutrality Act..

ForbadeForbade the United the United States from sellingStates from selling arms, giving loans, arms, giving loans, or giving any kind of or giving any kind of assistance assistance to any to any nation nation involvedinvolved in in war.war.

Good Good NeighborNeighbor Policy Policy

►United States United States workedworked to improve to improve relationsrelations with with Latin AmericaLatin America

►Hoover Hoover rejectedrejected Roosevelt Roosevelt CorollaryCorollary►Declared U.S. no longer Declared U.S. no longer had the right to had the right to

interveneintervene in Latin American nations in Latin American nations►GoodGood Neighbor Neighbor PolicyPolicy--withdrawwithdraw

American troops from American troops from NicaraguaNicaragua and and HaitiHaiti►Withdrew Withdrew Platt Platt Amendment regarding Amendment regarding

CubaCuba

Events contributing to WWIIEvents contributing to WWIIPoland Poland was was Hitler’s next Hitler’s next targettarget. . Germany and Germany and the Soviet the Soviet Union sign the Union sign the Nazi-Soviet Nazi-Soviet Pact.Pact.

They They pledgedpledged not to not to attack attack one another’s one another’s countrycountry and and secretly agreed secretly agreed to to divide up divide up Poland when Poland when Germany Germany attacked.attacked.

Events contributing to WWIIEvents contributing to WWIIOn On Sept. 1, 1939Sept. 1, 1939, , Germany Germany invaded invaded Poland. Poland. blitzkriegblitzkrieg: : lightning war. Poland lightning war. Poland was not was not equippedequipped to to defend defend itselfitself. . Soviet Soviet UnioUnion attacked from n attacked from the the easteast- they also - they also attacked attacked FinlandFinland; ; annexed annexed Estonia, Estonia, Lithuania, and Lithuania, and LatviaLatvia..

BritainBritain and and FranceFrance pledge pledge support support to to PolandPoland..

When Germany When Germany attacked Poland on attacked Poland on they declared war they declared war on Germany.on Germany.

AggressionAggression Leads to War Leads to War

►Hitler’s armies seemed Hitler’s armies seemed unstoppableunstoppable..►Seized Seized DenmarkDenmark and and NorwayNorway..►April 1940 April 1940 – conquered – conquered NetherlandsNetherlands, ,

Luxembourg, and Luxembourg, and Belgium Belgium – moved – moved into into FranceFrance..

►By By June 1940June 1940, Britain stood , Britain stood alonealone against the against the NazisNazis. Britain sent . Britain sent troopstroops to help Franceto help France

Battle of BritainBattle of Britain► FranceFrance was was overpoweredoverpowered; ; BritishBritish was forced was forced

back to back to DunkirkDunkirk. British sent every boat . British sent every boat available across available across English Channel English Channel to rescue to rescue troops. troops. France surrendered.France surrendered.

► Britain stood alone. Germany Britain stood alone. Germany pounded pounded British British shores and shores and cities.cities.

► Prime Minister Prime Minister Winston Churchill Winston Churchill “we will “we will never surrender.”never surrender.”

► Battle of Britain - Battle of Britain - BritishBritish fighter planes used fighter planes used radarradar and gunned down German and gunned down German planes.planes. Germany Germany gave upgave up invasion of Britain- invasion of Britain-19401940

► In In June 1941June 1941, , Hitler invaded Hitler invaded the the Soviet Soviet UnionUnion..

Chapter 24, Section 2Chapter 24, Section 2

The United States at WarThe United States at War

Moving Toward WarMoving Toward War

►President President RooseveltRoosevelt was reelected for was reelected for a a thirdthird term in term in 19401940. He . He sympathizedsympathized with the with the AlliesAllies in Europe. in Europe.

►The The Lend-Lease ActLend-Lease Act supported the supported the British by allowing them to obtain British by allowing them to obtain American war goods. U.S. could sell American war goods. U.S. could sell armsarms, but Allies must pay cash and , but Allies must pay cash and carry away on their own shipscarry away on their own ships..

►Extended to Extended to ChinaChina and and Soviet Union Soviet Union

The DraftThe Draft

►Meanwhile the United States Meanwhile the United States passedpassed the first the first peacetime draftpeacetime draft to build up its to build up its armed armed forces.forces.

►Roosevelt also Roosevelt also organizedorganized the first the first AfricanAfrican American Unit with American Unit with blackblack officers.officers.

►The The TuskegeeTuskegee Airmen Airmen

Moving Toward WarMoving Toward War►Roosevelt and Roosevelt and BritishBritish Prime Minister Prime Minister

Winston Winston ChurchillChurchill showed their showed their alliancealliance by by meeting and issuing the meeting and issuing the Atlantic CharterAtlantic Charter..

►GoalsGoals 1. no more 1. no more territorialterritorial gain from war gain from war 2. support the right 2. support the right of all people of all people to choose to choose

their own form of their own form of governmentgovernment 3. new 3. new internationalinternational organization that organization that

provided a permanent system of provided a permanent system of generalgeneral

securitysecurity -replace failed League of Nations -replace failed League of Nations

The United States Enters the The United States Enters the WarWar

► Japan hasJapan has fuel fuel shortage so they make shortage so they make plans to plans to attackattack U.S. U.S.

►On On December 7, 1941December 7, 1941, the , the JapaneseJapanese military waged a surprise attack on military waged a surprise attack on the U.S. naval forces at the U.S. naval forces at Pearl Harbor, Pearl Harbor, HawaiiHawaii. .

►About About 2,4002,400 men were killed, men were killed,

destroyed 400 destroyed 400 aircraft,aircraft, and and

damageddamaged 8 8 battleships.battleships.

Moving Toward WarMoving Toward War

► As a result, the As a result, the United States declared war..► ““A day that will live in infamy.”A day that will live in infamy.”

► In turn, In turn, Germany Germany andand Italy Italy declared war on the declared war on the United States.United States.

► AXIS Powers:AXIS Powers: Japan Germany ItalyJapan Germany Italy six other nationssix other nations

► ALLIED:ALLIED: BritainBritain France France (later Soviet Union) (later Soviet Union)

ChinaChina United StateUnited States-1941 45 s-1941 45 other nationsother nations

WWII was WWII was total wtotal war: a conflict involving not just ar: a conflict involving not just armies, armies, but entire nationsbut entire nations..

Europe and North AfricaEurope and North Africa

► 1941 Dec. - 1941 Dec. - OutlookOutlook looked looked bleableak for Allies :k for Allies :► Hitler’s Hitler’s armies occupied armies occupied most of Europe and most of Europe and

much of much of North AfricaNorth Africa.. Closing in Closing in on Moscow on Moscow (1941), Leningrad, (1941), Leningrad,

and and StalingradStalingrad (1942) in the Soviet Union (1942) in the Soviet Union – – HitlerHitler thought collapse would be quick thought collapse would be quick

► Soviet troops aided by Soviet troops aided by Russian winter Russian winter provided key provided key victoriesvictories that stopped the that stopped the German push – Soviets drove Germans German push – Soviets drove Germans back.back.

North AfricaNorth Africa► Erwin Erwin RommelRommel – – GermanyGermany’s most respected ’s most respected

leader had quick victories.leader had quick victories.► 1942 1942 - In North Africa, the British began - In North Africa, the British began

pushing backpushing back the German tank corps after the German tank corps after the victory at the victory at El AlameinEl Alamein in in Egypt.Egypt.

► The United States entered its first The United States entered its first ground ground combat combat troops and occupied troops and occupied Morocco Morocco and and Algeria under the command of Algeria under the command of

► General General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Dwight D. Eisenhower. ► Rommel surrendered Rommel surrendered in May in May 1943.1943.

Japan sweeps through the Japan sweeps through the PacificPacific

► Japanese troops Japanese troops invadedinvaded country after country after countrycountry in the in the PacificPacific region, including the region, including the Philippines Philippines IslandIslandss, which were , which were governegoverned d by the United States and had by the United States and had U.S. basesU.S. bases..

►General General Douglas MacArthurDouglas MacArthur became became commander of the U.S. troops in the commander of the U.S. troops in the region.region.

►As Japan As Japan closedclosed in on in on Manila,Manila, MacArthur MacArthur withdrewwithdrew and was ordered to and was ordered to

►Australia – vowed “Australia – vowed “I shall returnI shall return.”.”

Japan sweeps through the Japan sweeps through the PacificPacific

►Following the defeat in the Bataan Following the defeat in the Bataan peninsulapeninsula of the Philippines of the Philippines Japan Japan capturedcaptured nearly 70,000 soldiers. nearly 70,000 soldiers. ForcedForced to to march 65 march 65 miles to prison miles to prison camp - took the lives of U.S. soldiers camp - took the lives of U.S. soldiers and Filipino and Filipino prisonersprisoners

= became known as= became known as The The Bataan Death MarchBataan Death March..

Battle of Battle of Coral Sea and Coral Sea and MidwayMidway

►Two historic Two historic navalnaval battles that battles that turned turned the tide of the warthe tide of the war in the in the PacificPacific were were the Battles of the Battles of Coral Sea and Midway.Coral Sea and Midway. Both were important because the Both were important because the United States United States stopped the Japanese stopped the Japanese and caused such losses to the and caused such losses to the Japanese Japanese navynavy that it no longer that it no longer ruled ruled the Pacific.the Pacific.

MManchuriaanchuria

Manchuria, on China’s eastern seaboard, was attacked by Manchuria, on China’s eastern seaboard, was attacked by Japan in 1931. The League of Nations did nothing about it.Japan in 1931. The League of Nations did nothing about it.

Example of “ABC” vocab word assignment. Explain/Define. Then tell significance to WWII.