CHAPTER 24

1939-45 World War II

Chapter 24 Section 1

Prelude to Global War

I. Explain how Fascist and Nazi aggression led to war in Europe.

A. Totalitarian 1) Government that controls every aspect of

citizens lives2) Italy, Germany, and Soviet Union

B. Fascism and Nazism1) Fascism is a philosophy that puts nation

ahead of the individual

I. Explain how Fascist and Nazi aggression led to war in Europe.

B. Fascism and Nazism2) Mussolini controls Italy

a) Used gangs of Fascist thugs to

terrorize opponentsb) appointed Prime Ministerc) established a dictatorship

I. Explain how Fascist and Nazi aggression led to war in Europe.

B. Fascism and Nazism3) Hitler rules Germany

a) Like Mussolini, Hitler was enraged over

WWI outcome and peace settlementb) National Socialist German

Workers’ Party (Nazi)

c) Mein Kampf or “My Struggle”1. strengthen nation’s military2. expand borders3. purify Aryan “race”

I. Explain how Fascist and Nazi aggression led to war in Europe.

C. Europe goes to war1) German and Italy – later Japan – Axis

Powers2) German Empire Grows

a) Rhineland successb) Annexed Austriac) Gained Sudetenland through

appeasement – keeping the peace by giving in to an aggressor’s demands

*d) Invasion of Poland triggered WWIIe) Hitler signed treaty with Soviet Union

I. Explain how Fascist and Nazi aggression led to war in Europe.

C. Europe goes to war3) Blitzkrieg and Sitzkrieg

a) blitzkrieg – lightening war into Poland

b) sitzkrieg – sit down war in Polandc) blitzkrieg – Denmark and Norwayd) blitzkrieg – Belgium, Netherlands,

and France

e) By 1940, Hitler controlled Western Europe

I. Explain how Fascist and Nazi aggression led to war in Europe.

C. Europe goes to war4) Allies – Great Britain led by Winston Churchill

– later U.S. and Soviet Union

5) Battle of Britaina) France and Great Britain separated by

20 mile English Channelb) Luftwaffe – German air forcec) 1,000 planes a day bombed Britaind) British withstood attack

II. List the reasons that made Japan eager to build an empire.

A. Japan is located on a chain of small islands

B. Lacked sufficient raw materials and markets

C. Needed land for a growing populationD. Seized Manchuria in Northern ChinaE. By 1940, Japan controlled Eastern ChinaF. Signed Tripartite Pact with Germany and

ItalyG. Neutrality pact with Soviet Union

III. Describe the American response to the war in Europe and explain how the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor pulled the U.S. into the war.

A. Japan’s action in Asia led to FDR building up the Navy in the Pacific and moving the American Pacific Fleet from California to Hawaii

B. America remain neutral1) Enough problems at home

C. American Involvement Grows1) 1st peace-time draft using Selective Service 2) FDR win 3rd term for President3) Lend-lease Act

American policy of providing war supplies to

Britain on credit

III. Describe the American response to the war in Europe and explain how the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor pulled the U.S. into the war.

D. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor1) FDR froze Japan’s financial assets in U.S. and cut off all trade with Japan2) Gen. Hideki Tojo became Prime Minister3) December 7, 1941a) “a date that will live in infamy”b) from 7:00 – 9:45 A.M. the Japanese

planes bombed and machine-gunnedc) 2,400 U.S. killed 1,200 wounded 300 planes damaged *18 warships sunk4) Three days later…Germany and Italy

declare war on the U.S.

Chapter 24 Section 2

The Road to Victory in Europe

I. Identify the various groups of Americans who mobilized to fight the war.

A. Atlantic Charter – agreement between Churchill and FDR on goals for the war

B. G.I. war – government issue

C. Diversity1) Navajos code talkers2) Japanese Americans and African Americans

troops fought in segregated units

D. Women in the Armed Forces1) volunteered – not involved in combat2) WASP, WAVES, and WAC

II. Understand how the Allied decision to begin fighting in North Africa and Italy affected war efforts in the Soviet Union.

A. While Germany blitzkrieg Europe – Gen. Erwin Rommel “Desert Fox” led Germany into North Africa

B. Battle of the Atlantic1) German subs “wolf pack” attacked conveys2) Allies used sonar technology

C. North Africa Campaign1) Americans led by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower 2) Italians and Germans surrendered

II. Understand how the Allied decision to begin fighting in North Africa and Italy affected war efforts in the Soviet Union.

D. Invasion of Italy

1) American Gen. George S. Patton2) Within (2 Months) Mussolini was overthrown

and a the new government surrendered3) Germans in Italy resisted and continued to fight causing significant causalities

II. Understand how the Allied decision to begin fighting in North Africa and Italy affected war efforts in the Soviet Union.

E. War in the Soviet Union

1) Hitler turned his focus onto the Soviet Union and broke his pact with Stalin

2) German advancea) Soviets were unprepared for brutalityb) Soviets adopted scorched earth policyc) Stalin asked FDR for aidd) When German army drove and

threatened major cities, Stalin urged his allies to attack Western Europe to divide Hitler’s forces

II. Understand how the Allied decision to begin fighting in North Africa and Italy affected war efforts in the Soviet Union.

E. War in the Soviet Union

3) Battle of Stalingrada) Soviets made a standb) freezing conditionsc) turning point of the war on the

Eastern front

E. George Marshall

1) Army Chief of Staff2) Called for an invasion of Western Europe

III. Show how the Allied invasion of Western Europe led to the end of the war in Europe.

A. Air War1) Carpet bombing – large number of bombs

scattered over a wide area2) Soften Germany for Allied invasion

B. Preparation for invasion – Germany added machine guns, barbed wire, land mines

C. D-Day1) June 6, 1944 – largest land by sea invasion2) Allies crossed the English Channel to Normandy France3) Omaha Beach – not a good location decision

III. Show how the Allied invasion of Western Europe led to the end of the war in Europe.

D. Battle of the Bulge1) Point after which most Nazi leaders realized that the war was lost2) Germans fought desperately to save their

homeland

E. War Ends in Europe1) Soviets advanced all the way to Berlin 2) Germany Surrenders – Hitler suicide???

a) V-E Day – Victory in Europe Day3) Yalta Conference – allied meeting to plan for

the postwar world

III. Show how the Allied invasion of Western Europe led to the end of the war in Europe.

The Big Three – FDR, Churchill, and Stalin

Chapter 24 Section 3

The War in the Pacific

I. Summarize the Japanese advance in the Pacific in 1941-42 and describe Allied victories that turned the tide of the war.

A. Hours after Pearl Harbor, the Japanese attacked Clark Field, an American air base in the Philippine Islands.

B. Philippines Fall1) Gen. Douglas MacArthur was forced to leave the Philippine - “I Shall Return”2) Bataan Death March – Americans that did not

leave became prisoners of war

C. War at Sea1) Battle of Coral Sea – completely aircraft,

prevented invasion of Australia

I. Summarize the Japanese advance in the Pacific in 1941-42 and describe Allied victories that turned the tide of the war.

D. Allied Victories turn the Tide

1) Battle of Midwaya) entirely fought from air – Allied victoryb) Japanese were loading bombs onto their planes on the carriersc) Japan was unable to launch any more

offensives

2) Battle of Guadalcanala) Jungle warfare on the Solomon Islandsb) U.S. Marines

II. Describe the Allied struggle for the Pacific islands, including Iwo Jima and Okinawa.

A. Island Hopping in the Pacific1) The island-hopping strategy allowed the

Allies a position to bomb Japan.

B. Philippines Campaign1) Gen. MacArthur –”People of the

Philippines, I have Returned”2) Battle of Leyte Gulf

a) kamikazes – suicide planesb) Japanese Navy virtually

destroyed

II. Describe the Allied struggle for the Pacific islands, including Iwo Jima and Okinawa.

C. Iwo Jima and Okinawa

1) Battle of Iwo Jimaa) Volcanic island 700 miles from

Japanb) Americans bombed from the air c) Marines suffered 25,000

casualties after the land invasion

d) 27 Medals of Honor

II. Describe the Allied struggle for the Pacific islands, including Iwo Jima and Okinawa.

C. Iwo Jima and Okinawa

2) Battle of Okinawaa) Less than 350 miles from Japan –

last obstacle to secure position to

bomb fromb) kamikazes – fight to the deathc) banzai – attacks designed to kill

as many while dying

III. Describe the Manhattan Project and its effect in bringing an end to the war.

A. Manhattan Project1) Project to develop an atomic bomb2) Began in 1939, Albert Einstein a Jewish

physicist – refuge from Nazis3) Enrico Fermi – accomplished chain

reaction of uranium atom split 4) Tested in New Mexico

B. The Decision to Drop the Bomb1) The heavy American casualties at Iwo Jima

and Okinawa were a factor to use the bomb2) President Harry S. Truman considered the

bomb as a military weapon – no doubts

III. Describe the Manhattan Project and its effect in bringing an end to the war.

C. Japan Surrenders1) Aug. 6, 1945 – Hiroshima dropped

“Little Boy”a) city in Southern

Japanb) large military

basec) Burns and

radiation

III. Describe the Manhattan Project and its effect in bringing an end to the war.

C. Japan Surrenders2) Aug. 9, 1945 – Nagasaki dropped “Fat

Man”

III. Describe the Manhattan Project and its effect in bringing an end to the war.

C. Japan Surrenders3) August 14, 1945 – Japan surrendered4) September 2, 1945 – U.S.S. Missouri –

formal surrender

Chapter 24 Section 4

The Holocaust

I. Explain how persecution of Jews and other minorities increased in Germany under the Nazis during the 1930s.

A. Holocaust – Nazi Germany’s attempt to murder all European Jews

B. Anti-Semitism – Hostility or discrimination toward:

1) Arabs, Ethiopians, Middle Eastern, North

African, and Jew

I. Explain how persecution of Jews and other minorities increased in Germany under the Nazis during the 1930s.

C. Nazis take action1) Nuremberg Laws

a) Strip Jews of German citizenship

2) SS – elite guard that became the private army of Nazi

3) Gestapo – identify and pursue people who did not follow new laws of Nazi party

4) Concentration camps – place where prisoners

of war and political prisoners were confined

I. Explain how persecution of Jews and other minorities increased in Germany under the Nazis during the 1930s.

D. Kristallnacht – “Night of the Broken Glass”

E. Refugees Seek an Escape – Jewish refugees

II. Describe how the Nazis carried out their plans for genocide.

A. Einsatzgruppen – mobile killing units1) Wannsee Conference

a) Final solution to the Jewish problem

b) genocide – kill all Jews

B. Death Camps1) Experimenting on Jews and Soviet prisoners2) Poison gas3) Death camps – solely for mass murder

II. Describe how the Nazis carried out their plans for genocide.

C. Fighting Back1) A month-long revolt by Jews in Warsaw

against deportation to Treblinka

D. Rescue and Liberation1) War Refugee Board (WRB)

a) created by FDR finally to try to help the

Jews2) Nuremberg Trials

a) Individuals are responsible for their own

actions