Chapter 23: Communicable Diseases

Key Terms-Communicable DiseaseInfectionVirusTransmitImmunityPhagocyteVectorAntibodyBacteria

Key Terms, cont.

Pneumonia

Tuberculosis (TB)

Inflammatory Response

Vaccine

Immunization

Rubella

Lymphocyte

Antigens

What Causes Infectious Diseases?

Small microscopic organisms, also known as pathogens.

Pathogens invade the body and attack its cells and tissues.

Pathogens take many forms including Viruses, Bacteria, Rickettsias, Protozoan, and Fungi.

How Infectious Diseases are spread…..

1.) PeopleDirect Contact

Indirect Contact

2.) Animals

3.) Contaminated Objects

4.) Environment

The Body’s Barriers Against Disease

Innate Immune System1.) Mucous Membranes

2.) Enzymes in tears and saliva

3.) Unbroken skin

4.) Digestive juices

5.) White blood cells

Barriers, cont.

Adaptive Immune System1.) Lymphocytes

T cells

B cells

Common Infectious Diseases

Respiratory Infections1.) Common Cold- viral

2.) Influenza- viral

3.) Tuberculosis- bacterial

4.) Strep Throat- bacterial

H1N1 virus

http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/qa.htm

Any questions?

Infectious Diseases, cont.

Nervous System1.) Encephalitis- virus; inflammation of the brain

2.) Meningitis- viral and bacterial; inflammation of membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord

3.) Poliomyelitis- polio; caused by a virus

Other Diseases

1.) Measles- viral 2.) Mononucleosis- viral; spreads through direct contact, mostly

“kissing disease”

3.) Hepatitis- mostly viralA- results from eating food or drinking water that has been contaminated; vaccine available.B- more serious than A; spread through contaminated medical instruments, sexual contact with an infected person, and shared needles by infected drug users; vaccine available.

Other Diseases, cont.

C- spread through infected blood; can cause liver cancer; no known cure; no vaccine.

Common Sense Measures

1.) Overall good health2.) Bathe or shower daily3.) Avoid sharing eating or drinking utensils4.) Store and prepare food in a safe way5.) Wash your hands6.) Cover your mouth when sick, avoid giving disease to someone else7.) If you are well, avoid contact with sick people

Conclusion

Types of pathogens

Types of diseases

Common senses measures

Questions??