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Chapter 23. Transoceanic Encounters & Global Connections. Ap World History Journal 12/21. What was the significance of the Manila Galleons? What navigational technologies were derived from Western Europe? Why was Vasca De Gama’s voyage important?. European Motives for Exploration. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 23
Transoceanic Encounters & Global Connections
+Ap World History Journal12/21
What was the significance of the Manila Galleons?
What navigational technologies were derived from Western Europe?
Why was Vasca De Gama’s voyage important?
+European Motives for Exploration
1. Resource – Poor Portugal searched for fresh resources and lands for cultivation
2. Lure of trade without Muslim intermediaries
3. Desire to Spread Christianity( Both peaceful ways ex. Missionaries, and through conquest Reconquista,
+Technology of Exploration
Stern Post Rudder (Chinese) and triangular lateen sail made it possible to sail against the winds
Magnetic compass (China)- allowed sailors to determine direction
Astrolabe (Arabic Sailors)- allowed them to determine their latitude at sea
Cross Staff and back staff (European)- measures the angle of the sun or pole star to determine latitude.
Knowledge of the Volta do mar or “return through the sea”
+ New Maritime Technologies
Hartman Astrolabe
(1532)
Better Maps [Portulan]
Sextant
Mariner’s Compass
+ New Weapons Technology
+Voyages of Exploration
Vasca Da Gama (Portugal)
Reached India, brought back huge profits
Opened the doors to direct maritime trading between Europe & Asia
Voyages of Exploration
Ferdinand Magellan (Portugal)
1st person to circumnavigate the world 1519-1522
Only 35 of the original 280 survived
Killed in the Philippines
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpIx99cD-zE&feature=related
+Voyages of Exploration
+ Ferdinand Magellan & the First
Circumnavigation of the World:Early 16c
+Christopher Columbus, Italian
Believed Earth was smaller
Estimated Japan approximately 2,500 miles west of Canaries (actually 10,000 miles)
Columbus Discovers New World
Italian explorer secured Spanish backing to find a westward route to India.
During Four voyages (1492-1503), Columbus “discovers” Americas (Caribbean & Latin America).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kvm8WA0Y2N4
Queen Isabella (left) and King Ferdinand supported the voyages of Columbus (left, above).
+The Man Who Found
The New World
An 1893 depiction of Columbus landing in the Caribbean.
Recreations of the Niña and La Pinta.
Above: A sailing map made by
Bartholomew & Christopher
Columbus c. 1490.
+Voyages of Exploration
James Cook
Led 3 expeditions to Arctic, Pacific, Australia. Died in Hawaii
Helped geographers to get better understanding of the world
Killed in Hawaii
+Wind and current patterns in the world's oceans.
15
+European exploration in the Atlantic Ocean, 1486-1498.
16
+What was the Columbian Exchange
Columbian Exchange
+How did the Columbian Exchange impact the World?
Items sent to the Old World Items sent to the New World
Potatoes Disease ( Small Pox, Malaria)
Tomatoes Horses, Cattle, Pigs
Maize ( Corn) Sugar Cane
Syphilis Coffee Beans
Turkey Rice
+ The “Columbian Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet
Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine
Cocoa Pineapple
Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE
Syphilis
Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice
Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley
Grape Peach SUGAR CANE
Oats
Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE
Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox
Flu Typhus Measles Malaria
Diptheria Whooping Cough
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
+World Population Growth, 1500-1800 CE
20
+ European Empires in the Americas
+Why is the 7 Years War Important to World History?
It placed Britain in a position to dominate world trade for the next 150 years
+Analyze the Impact of Technology on the global trading networks from 1500-1800? The astrolabe( Arabs) and cross staff( Europeans)
helped to determine latitude @ sea
Magnetic compass (china) helped point them in the right direction
Stern Rudder- helped point the ship in the right sailing direction
+Who was Afonso De Albuquerque?
• Architect of the aggressive Portuguese policy of making other people pay duties to use the Indian Ocean trade route
• People who did not pay duties were punished severely