1000 to 1500 CE

Chapter 22: An Age of Cross-Cultural

Interaction

Most important information in this presentation!

European maritime technology Compass, astrolabe, caravel

Henry the Navigator & his school Europe’s role in African slave trade European trade Ming foreign policy

Zheng He European Renaissance

How do we get there? All the way to the Americas…

and back.The Astrolabe The Caravel

Astrolabe: Chaucer’s version of Astrolabes for Dummies

http://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/library/library_exhibitions/schoolresources/astrolabe/

Creating an Astrolabe1. Read the Instructions2. Using glue and split-pin fasteners assemble the

astrolabe ACCURATELY3. Go to Mrs. Z’s website and link to “how to use

your astrolabe” and try it out tonight

Please explain

Why did we make an astrolabe? How would this instrument revolutionize

maritime travel? Extrapolate that answer into trade, what does

this invention do for trade? What invention would make the astrolabe

essentially obsolete? Why? (Think Islam)

The Caravel Prince Henry the Navigator –

Portugal Phillip II – Spain (1556 –

1598) How were these King’s

policies instrumental in the rise of their respective countries?

Ship design continued to improve

European Trade & Sub-

Saharan Trade get married

• Prince Henry’s exploration of the African coast linked the two

• Cartography became a popular science along with astronomy• Global wind and current

patterns became widely circulated knowledge

• Why do all these people want to understand this? What are they

hoping to gain through this knowledge?

Navigation School – Sagres Portugal

Portugese Slave Traders

Traded guns, textiles, and manufactured items for slaves

Took the slaves to plantations on Atlantic Islands to cultivate sugar and other luxury goods

Later they rounded the cape and expanded the trade

Christopher Columbus discovers the Caribbean 1492

When Columbus found some islands just off India that were totally unlike any islands off India anyone else had found he was very pleased with himself. So pleased that he returned three times. Go Chris go.

Famous Travellers

Marco Polo Ibn Battuta Rabban Sauma John of

Montecorvino Zheng He

Cultural ExchangesWho

Troubadours Merchants Slaves Missionaries Soldiers Other ideas?

What Crops (citrus, rice sugar) Cotton Gunpowder Weapon & war

technologies Maritime technologies What else?

Black Death: Bubonic Plague?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2g50tW9fUc

Ming Rising 1368-1644

Emperor Hongwu 1368 Confucian system Irrigation systems Defensive systems Cultural revival

Gentlemanly BehaviorLu Kun, governor of Jiangxi during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), defined the code of gentlemen in his book, Groanings. The following are some of his suggestions:

He should hide a large portion of whatever goodness he might have and thus cultivate his “ethical profoundness.” Likewise he should conceal to a great extent the shortcomings of others and thus enlarge his “magnanimity,” Patience is essential to planning, and a peaceful mind is a prerequi-site to the management of affairs. Modesty is the most important item in the preservation of one’s life, and tolerance and forgiveness should be the basic attitude towards others. To cultivate his mind, a gentleman should not be unduly concerned with such things as affluence or poverty, life or death, constancy or change.

Every event has its reality, every word its abode of beatitude, and every object the reason that sustains its existence. Likewise there are ways that make man a man; the purpose of education is to learn these ways. A gentleman learns them whenever and wherever he is, constantly and tirelessly. He will not cease to learn until he knows them all and knows them well.

Source: Lu Kun, Groanings, in The Essence of Chinese Civilization, edited by Dun J. Li (Princeton, N.J.: Van Nostrand, 1967).

Zheng He

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0507/feature2/map.html

The Renaissance

Stuff to Remember from Chapter 22

Europe escalated their maritime technology Compass, astrolabe, caravel

Henry the Navigator & his school Portugeese fundamentally changed the African slave

trade The more Europeans sailed the more stuff got traded The Ming were schitzo in their foreign policy

Zheng He – not he isolationist! Europe had a renaissance… maybe