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Chapter 20: Severe Storms
• Tornadoes
• Hurricanes
Hurricanes!!
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Alex Arlene Alberto Andrea Arthur Ana
Bonnie Bret Beryl Barry Bertha Bill
Colin Cindy Chris Chantal Christobal Claudette
Danielle Don Debby Dorian Dolly Danny
Earl Emily Ernesto Erin Edouard Erika
Fiona Franklin Florence Fernand Fay Fred
Gaston Gert Gordon Gabrielle Gonzalo Grace
Hermine Harvey Helene Humberto Hanna Henri
Igor Irene Isaac Ingrid Isaias Ida
Julia Jose Joyce Jerry Josephine Joaquin
Karl Katia Kirk Karen Kyle Kate
Lisa Lee Leslie Lorenzo Laura Larry
Matthew Maria Michael Melissa Marco Mindy
Nicole Nate Nadine Nestor Nana Nicholas
Otto Ophelia Oscar Olga Omar Odette
Paula Philippe Patty Pablo Paulette Peter
Richard Rina Rafael Rebekah Rene Rose
Shary Sean Sandy Sebastien Sally Sam
Tomas Tammy Tony Tanya Teddy Teresa
Virginie Vince Valerie Van Vicky Victor
Walter Whitney William Wendy Wilfred Wanda
2010 - 2015 Atlantic Hurricane Names
At the surface, circulation is inward with a strong cyclonic (counterclockwise) flow, much like a giant whirlpool. In such warm core cyclones, upward flow is strongest along the eye wall and the eye itself is an area of sinking air. In the upper atmosphere, rising air flows outward.
Hurricane Structure
Eyewall
Hurricane Formation
Tornado
•Violent windstorms that take the form of a rotating column of air called a vortex.
•The vortex extends downward from a cumulonimbus cloud.
Tornado
Tornado Safety
DURING A TORNADO: Go to a basement. If you do not have a basement, go to an interior room without windows on the lowest floor such as a bathroom or closet. If you can, get under a sturdy piece of furniture, like a table. If you live in a mobile home get out. They offer little protection against tornadoes. Get out of automobiles. Do not try to outrun a tornado in your car, leave it immediately. If you’re outside, go to a ditch or low lying area and lie flat in it. Stay away from fallen power lines and stay out of damaged areas.
Fujita Scale of Tornado Intensity
SCALE WIND SPEED POSSIBLE DAMAGE
F0 40-72 mph Light damage: Branches broken off trees; minor roof damage
F1 73-112 mphModerate damage: Trees snapped; mobile home pushed off foundations; roofs damaged
F2 113-157 mphConsiderable damage: Mobile homes demolished; trees uprooted; strong built homes unroofed
F3 158-206 mphSevere damage: Trains overturned; cars lifted off the ground; strong built homes have outside walls blown away
F4 207-260 mphDevastating damage: Houses leveled leaving piles of debris; cars thrown 300 yards or more in the air
F5 261-318 mphIncredible damage: Strongly built homes completely blown away; automobile-sized missiles generated
Know the Lingo…
TORNADO WATCH - Tornadoes are possible in your area. Stay tuned to the radio or television news.
TORNADO WARNING - A tornado is either on the ground or has been detected by Doppler radar. Seek shelter immediately!
When are tornadoes most likely to occur?
• Tornadoes can happen at any time of the year and at any time of the day.
• Peak times for tornadoes in the northern states are during the summer.
• Tornadoes are most likely to occur between 3 p.m. and 9 p.m.
HURRICANES AND TORNADOES
What's the difference?
Hurricanes and tornadoes both form in warm, damp air when winds blow into each other from opposite directions. Hurricanes develop over warm, tropical oceans, while tornadoes form over land and are more violent. In a hurricane, the winds swirl around
in a spiral at up to 200 mph. In the middle is a calm "eye" 4 - 25 miles wide, surrounded by the worst wind and driving rain.
A tornado is a tall, funnel-shaped whirlwind of cloud up to 2,000 feet high. In the middle is an eye of descending air, surrounded by a strong upward current that sucks up or destroys everything in its path. Tornadoes can travel hundreds of miles before
they die down.
How Do Hurricanes Get Their Names?
Hurricanes have been given names since the early 1900s, when an Australian weatherman would give names to the storms he tracked to help keep them apart. He enjoyed naming them after politicians he didn't like, so that he could then talk about the destruction that they caused.
When the US Army got heavily into weather forecasting during World War II, workers there would start to nickname the storm systems after their wives or girlfriends, to give them their 15 minutes of fame. Soon they began to start with A and move through the letters, to make tracking the systems easier. By 1953 this was standard for the US Weather Bureau. In 1970 the National Weather Service had this responsibility, and moved to include men's names as well.
Names are chosen for 6 years in a row, and then cycle around to the first set of names again. If a storm is truly memorable, that name is retired and a new one chosen to take its place.
• Myth or Misconception #1 .... Tornadoes never strike big cities.
• Myth or Misconception #2 .... Opening windows to equalize air pressure will save a roof, or even a home, from destruction by a tornado.
• Myth or Misconception #3 .... Highway overpasses are a safe place to shelter if you are on the road when you see a tornado coming.