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CHAPTER 20
Section 4: Imperialism in Japan
Objectives:
>Explain the Japanese pursuit of expansion that began in the late 1800s.
>Describe the changes in Japanese life during rapid modernization.
>Identify the effects of the military on Japan during the 1920s and the 1930s.
Nationalist Movements Around the World
SECTION 4
Imperialism in Japan
Japanese Expansion
How Why
alliance with Great Britain
war with Russia
Treaty of Portsmouth
Bell Ringer 20.4:What were some of the methods and reasons for Japanese expansion?
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Imperialism in Japan
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Imperialism in JapanDancing the foxtrot. Listening to jazz. Playing
baseball. This was Japan in the 1920s ….
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Imperialism in Japan
The Meiji Restoration had changed Japan into a modern industrialand military power.
Now Japan would expand beyond its islands ….
Two reasons for expansion
• New territory would provide raw materials for its factories and markets for its products.
• It would show the West just how much Japan had progressed.
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Imperialism in Japan
Korea and Manchuria
Japan wanted Korea …
The Japanese also wantedManchuria but Russia stood inthe way …
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1902 ~ Anglo-Japanese Alliance
…what would bring GB intoan alliance with Japan?
The threat of Russian expansion.
Japan is now playing with theBIG DOGS!
Russia is pressured to withdraw ….And refuses to answer Japan’s demands.
Political Cartoon
Imperialism in Japan
Japan to the Great Bear, Chicago Tribune, January 6, 1904
SECTION 4
Imperialism in JapanRusso-Japanese War 1904
• Feb 1904 – Japan attacks Port Arthur & badly damages the Russian fleet
• Japan overruns Korea and pushes Russia back through Manchuria
• Battle of Muken – heavy losses for both sides; Russia withdraws
SECTION 4
Imperialism in JapanBattle of Tsushima
• All the Russian battleships had been destroyed, 4 of the 8 cruisers, and 7 of the 9 destroyers were sunk, 4,830 Officers and Sailors died, many others wounded or captured. The Japanese lost 3 destroyers and some 699 men.
• All but 3 of the Russian ships that had sailed into Tsushuma Straits were sunk, captured or interned. The 3 limped into Vladisvostok.
Visual Source
Imperialism in Japan
President Teddy Rooseveltwas asked to broker thepeace between Russia andJapan.The Portsmouth Treatyended the Russo-JapaneseWar – 5 Sept 1905.
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Imperialism in Japan
The treaty eliminated Japan’s competition in Manchuria.It forced the other powers to respect Japan’s strength.When Japan annexed Korea in 1910, none of the otherImperialist powers protested.
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Imperialism in Japan
Problems of Modernization
In less than fifty years, Japan went from a feudal agricultural society to one of the world’s leading industrial and military
powers.
This leap created problems for the island nation.
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Imperialism in Japan
Increasing Population
• People were living longer.
• cities grew rapidly and land was scarce
• food production could not match growth
• US prohibited immigration
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Imperialism in Japan
Economic Trouble
• Did not have many raw materials needed for industries
• Had to import materials• Had to sell goods abroad – but many
countries had passed tariffs to protect their own economies
• The Japanese economy had to expand or collapse!
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Imperialism in Japan
Social Tensions ~ Westernization• All this great development had changed
traditional Japanese attitudes.• Industrial workers organized and called for
strikes for better conditions & pay.• Tenant farms demanded lower rents.• Intellectuals argued for democratic reforms.• Young Japanese began to question traditional
values ~ new ideas ~ work roles changed ~ women took jobs!
SECTION 4
Imperialism in JapanGrowing Influence of the Military
• Political leaders could not cope.
• Military began to increase its influence.
• Japanese military were virtually independent of the civilian government.
• Militarism grew in Japan and this began to influence social, economic & political policies.
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Imperialism in Japan
The Japanese military believed thatWestern nations could never treatJapan as an equal.
The military insisted on a returnto traditional Japanese values.
They called for a larger army andnavy to support a Japanese“Monroe Doctrine” = Asia for Asians with JAPAN as the controllingpower.
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Imperialism in Japan
Keep It Up Russia, Brooklyn Eagle, February 2, 1904
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A Hard Feat with Those Clothes On, Chicago Tribune, February 6, 1904
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Imperialism in Japan