Chapter 20 Section 2 Chapter 20 Section 2 HandoutHandout

Life in the OceansLife in the Oceans

11• What two major factors do marine What two major factors do marine

organisms depend on for their organisms depend on for their survival?survival?– essential nutrients in ocean water and essential nutrients in ocean water and

sunlight.sunlight.

22• Describe the chemistry of the ocean.Describe the chemistry of the ocean.

– a balance of dissolved gases and solids.a balance of dissolved gases and solids.

33• How do marine organisms help How do marine organisms help

maintain the chemical balance of maintain the chemical balance of ocean water?ocean water?– They remove nutrients and gases and They remove nutrients and gases and

return other nutrients and gasses to the return other nutrients and gasses to the ocean.ocean.

44• What are three elements absorbed by What are three elements absorbed by

marine plants?marine plants?– carboncarbon– hydrogenhydrogen– oxygenoxygen– sulfursulfur– nitrogennitrogen– phosphorusphosphorus– siliconsilicon

55• What is one way photosynthetic What is one way photosynthetic

marine plants return oxygen to the marine plants return oxygen to the ocean?ocean?– They remove carbon dioxide and They remove carbon dioxide and

produce oxygen produce oxygen

66• One way nutrients return to the One way nutrients return to the

surface is through a process called surface is through a process called _______._______.– recycling.recycling.

77• How do bacteria help release How do bacteria help release

essential nutrients into the ocean?essential nutrients into the ocean?– They digest the remains of dead They digest the remains of dead

organisms and release nutrients.organisms and release nutrients.

88• Where do organisms in the ocean Where do organisms in the ocean

consume all the elements necessary consume all the elements necessary for life?for life?– near the surface of the oceannear the surface of the ocean

99• What happens to elements necessary What happens to elements necessary

for life when ocean organisms die?for life when ocean organisms die?– sink and decay and released back into sink and decay and released back into

the ocean water.the ocean water.

1010• Where are nutrients stored in the Where are nutrients stored in the

ocean?ocean?– Deep waterDeep water

1111• What must happen to nutrients What must happen to nutrients

stored in deep water before they can stored in deep water before they can be used by most organisms in the be used by most organisms in the ocean?ocean?– they must return to the surface before they must return to the surface before

most organisms can use themmost organisms can use them

1212• What is one way nutrients stored in What is one way nutrients stored in

deep water return to the surface?deep water return to the surface?– upwellingupwelling

1313• What happens when wind blows What happens when wind blows

steadily parallel to a coastline?steadily parallel to a coastline?– Surface water moves farther offshore Surface water moves farther offshore

and is replaced by deep cold water.and is replaced by deep cold water.

1414• In what part of the ocean do most In what part of the ocean do most

marine organisms live?marine organisms live?– The upper 100 meters of waterThe upper 100 meters of water

1515• The mass of mosly microscopic The mass of mosly microscopic

organisms that float or drift freely in organisms that float or drift freely in the waters of aquatic environments the waters of aquatic environments are called _______.are called _______.– planktonplankton

1616• How do plankton form the base of How do plankton form the base of

food webs in the ocean?food webs in the ocean?– Plankton are consumed by small Plankton are consumed by small

organisms which become food for larger organisms which become food for larger organisms.organisms.

1717• Organisms such as dolphins and Organisms such as dolphins and

squid, that swim actively in open squid, that swim actively in open water, are called ________.water, are called ________.– nekton.nekton.

1818• Organisms that live at the bottom of Organisms that live at the bottom of

oceans or bodies of fresh water are oceans or bodies of fresh water are called ________.called ________.– benthos.benthos.

The EndThe End