Chapter 20 section 1

Christopher ColumbusHernan Cortes’Conquistador

Francisco Pizzaro

ColonyAtahualpaMestizo

Encomienda

KEY TERMS

October 12, 1492 land discovered

Reached the East Indies

Miscalculated where he was

Landed in the Bahamas

Called them Indians because he thought he landed in West

Indies

Claimed the land for Spain

San Salvador for Holy Savior

VOYAGES OF COLUMBUS

1493 returned to Spain

Columbus made three trips

17 ships and 1,000 soldiers

Became an empire builder

Turned Caribbean Islands into colonies

Colony- is land controlled by another country

THE VOYAGES OF COLUMBUS

Pedro Cabral- reached modern day Brazil

Amerigo Vespucci traveled the eastern shores of South

America

America was named in his honor

1519 Ferdinand Magellan

250 in five ships to sail around the world

Magellan killed in Guam

18 men and one ship made it back to Spain

OTHER EXPLORERS TAKE TO THE SEAS

Hispaniola and Cuba first settlements

Did not find much goldEcomienda –colonist given land and native Americans

They work the land for him

Had to teach them Christianity

Basis for all Spanish settlements

SPAIN BUILDS AN EMPIRE

Hernan Cortes’- led an expedition to MexicoEnded in conquest of

the Aztec EmpireConquistador-conqueror term applied to Spanish

military leaders who fought the native

peoples

THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO

Montezuma II- Aztec leader

Was unpopular to the people he led

Cortez used the lack of popularity against himArrived at Tenochtitlan

with thousands of Native Americans and small band of Spanish

THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO

Women named Malintzin who joined Cortez as a

translatorAdvantages of the Spanish

Metal weapons

Heavy armor

Guns

First sight of horses induced terror

THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO

OverworkMistreatment

Diseases spread by Europeans

No natural defensesMillions would die

SPAIN BUILDS AN EMPIRE

Disease kills thousandsNovember 8, 1519

Cortes’ enters MexicoTook emperor hostageMontezuma was killed

in a battleMonths of fighting

Cortez took the city and entire empire

THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO

Francisco Pizarro-led expedition to Peru and

the IncasDisease (small pox) had killed the emperor and

many peopleCivil war had broken outAtahualpa-took over the empire just before the

Spanish arrived

THE CONQUEST OF PERU

Atahualpa agreed to meet with the Spanish

Demanded that he accept Christianity and turn

over his empireTook Atahualpa prisoner

Killed him after they were paid a ransom

Destroyed Inca Army and took over the empire

THE CONQUEST OF PERU

Conquest of Mexico and Peru controlled a huge

empireViceroys- chosen by the king to rule large areas

in the kings nameEconomy based on

mining silver and goldSpanish drafted Native

Americans to work

LIFE IN THE SPANISH EMPIRE

Lived among the conquered people

Intermarriage was common

Mestizo- mixed Spanish and Native American

Conquered territory included

New Spain- part of Mexico and Guatemala

Central and South America

Caribbean

SPAIN’S PATTERN OF CONQUEST

Signed a treaty early in the exploration

Treaty of Tordesillas signed in 1494 drew an

imaginary line everything to the west was Spain to the east Portuguese (Brazil)

Brazils jungles made mining difficult

THE PORTUGUESE IN BRAZIL

1530’s colonists began to move in

Found little goldStarted sugar

productionEstablished huge farms and estates used Native

Americans then switched to African

slaves

THE PORTUGUESE ARRIVE IN BRAZIL

Spain’s became the richest, most powerful nation in the

1600’s

Golden age

Spain increased military might

Protected treasure ships

Spain also part of what is now the United States

SPAIN EXPANDS INFLUENCE

Southwestern United States

1513 Ponce de Leon explores Florida

1540-1541 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado explores

Arizona

New Mexico

Texas

Oklahoma

Kansas

Missionaries sent to colonize

CONQUISTADORS PUSH NORTH

Catholic priests accompanied conquistadors

Priests came in search for converts

New Mexico governor names capitol

Santa Fe- Holy faith

Headquarters for advancing the Catholic faith

CONQUISTADORS PUSH NORTH

Disease and mistreatment took its toll

Killed 90% of the 50 million people(4 million

left)Bartolome de Las Casas-seeking to protect Native Americans recommended using African Slaves as

labor

OPPOSITION TO SPANISH RULE

Spanish government abolished ecomienda system in 1542

Opposition came from priests and Native Americans

1493 island of Saint Croix natives fired poison arrows at

Columbus

End of 17th century natives fought the Spanish

Spanish burned sacred objects and banned native rituals

AFRICAN SLAVERY AND NATIVE RESISTANCE

1680 Pope a Pueblo leader led 8,000 warriors all over

New Mexico to drive Spanish back to new Spain

Took Spanish 12 years to regain control

Other European nations started to establish colonies

in the Americas

AFRICAN SLAVERY AND NATIVE RESISTANCE