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Chapter 20 Chapter 20 Elements and Their Elements and Their Properties Properties

Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

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Page 1: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Chapter 20Chapter 20

Elements and Their PropertiesElements and Their Properties

Page 2: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Chapter 20Chapter 20

Section 1: MetalsSection 1: Metals

Page 3: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

You will learn how to……..You will learn how to……..

Describe the properties of a typical metalDescribe the properties of a typical metal Identify the alkali metals and alkaline earth Identify the alkali metals and alkaline earth

metalsmetalsDifferentiate among three groups of Differentiate among three groups of

transition elementstransition elements

This is important because metals are a part This is important because metals are a part of your everyday life--- from electric cords of your everyday life--- from electric cords

to the cars you ride in.to the cars you ride in.

Page 4: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Metals on the Periodic TableMetals on the Periodic Table

On the periodic table, the On the periodic table, the metalsmetals are found are found on the on the LEFTLEFT side of the zig-zag line. side of the zig-zag line.

Page 5: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Properties ofProperties of MetalsMetalsConduct heat and electricityConduct heat and electricityLuster (shiny)Luster (shiny)Malleable (bendable or able to shape)Malleable (bendable or able to shape)Ductile (Drawn into wires)Ductile (Drawn into wires)Solid at room temperature (EXCEPT Solid at room temperature (EXCEPT

Mercury (Hg)= liquid)Mercury (Hg)= liquid)

Page 6: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

MetalsMetalsMetals generally have 1-3 Metals generally have 1-3

electrons on their outer electrons on their outer energy level (valence energy level (valence electrons).electrons).

In chemical reactions, In chemical reactions, metals tend to metals tend to GIVE GIVE UPUP electrons easily electrons easily because they are close because they are close to having an empty to having an empty outer energy level.outer energy level.

Lithium

Valence electron

3 P

4N

Page 7: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

MetalsMetals When a metal GIVES UP an electron, the atom then When a metal GIVES UP an electron, the atom then

has MORE protons than electrons and the atom is no has MORE protons than electrons and the atom is no longer neutral. The atom is MORE POSITIVE.longer neutral. The atom is MORE POSITIVE.

When a metal gives up an electron it becomes a When a metal gives up an electron it becomes a positively charged positively charged ion.ion.

Na gave up an electron to Cl. The Na atom becomes a positively charged ion because it has more protons than electrons.

Page 8: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Bonding in MetalsBonding in Metals

When metals give electrons to nonmetals, When metals give electrons to nonmetals, an an ionic bondionic bond is formed. is formed.

Metal (Na) + Nonmetal (Cl) = Ionic Bond (NaCl)

Page 9: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Types of MetalsTypes of Metals

Alkali MetalsAlkali MetalsAlkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth MetalsTransition ElementsTransition Elements

Inner Transition Inner Transition ElementsElements

Page 10: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Alkali MetalsAlkali Metals Located in Located in GROUP 1GROUP 1 of the of the

periodic tableperiodic table MOST HIGHLY REACTIVEMOST HIGHLY REACTIVE

because they only have 1 valence because they only have 1 valence electron, so these elements are electron, so these elements are NOT found free in natureNOT found free in nature

Gives away the 1 valence electron Gives away the 1 valence electron because it is easier to LOSE 1 because it is easier to LOSE 1 versus gaining 7 electrons to versus gaining 7 electrons to complete the octet (8 electrons)complete the octet (8 electrons)

+1 ion+1 ion

Page 11: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Alkali MetalsAlkali Metals

Some uses of Alkali MetalsSome uses of Alkali MetalsLiving things need potassium and sodium Living things need potassium and sodium

compounds to stay healthy.compounds to stay healthy.

Doctors use lithium compounds to treat Doctors use lithium compounds to treat bipolar depressionbipolar depression

Page 12: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals Located in Located in GROUP 2GROUP 2 of the of the

periodic tableperiodic table 22ndnd MOST HIGHLY REACTIVEMOST HIGHLY REACTIVE

because they only have 2 because they only have 2 valence electron, so these valence electron, so these elements are NOT found free in elements are NOT found free in naturenature

Gives away the 2 valence Gives away the 2 valence electrons because it is easier to electrons because it is easier to LOSE 2 versus gaining 6 LOSE 2 versus gaining 6 electrons to complete the octet electrons to complete the octet (8electrons)(8electrons)

+2 ion+2 ion

Page 13: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals Some uses of Alkaline Earth Some uses of Alkaline Earth

MetalsMetals Magnesium and strontium are Magnesium and strontium are

used in are used in fireworks to used in are used in fireworks to produce the brilliant white color produce the brilliant white color and the bright red flashes.and the bright red flashes.

Calcium compounds are needed Calcium compounds are needed for life. Calcium compounds in for life. Calcium compounds in your bones helps make them your bones helps make them strong.strong.

Page 14: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Transition MetalsTransition MetalsLocated in Located in GROUP 3-12GROUP 3-12 of the of the

periodic tableperiodic table Iron TriadIron Triad = iron, cobalt, nickel (used to = iron, cobalt, nickel (used to

make steel and other metal mixtures)make steel and other metal mixtures)Coinage metalsCoinage metals = copper, silver, gold = copper, silver, gold

(used to make coins)(used to make coins)

Page 15: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Inner Transition MetalsInner Transition Metals Located at the bottom of the periodic tableLocated at the bottom of the periodic table

LanthanidesLanthanides Actinides- ALL are unstable and Actinides- ALL are unstable and radioactiveradioactive- - nucleus nucleus

breaks down and gives off particles and energybreaks down and gives off particles and energy

Page 16: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Chapter 20Chapter 20

Section 2: NonmetalsSection 2: Nonmetals

Page 17: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

You will learn how to……..You will learn how to……..

Recognize hydrogen as a nonmetalRecognize hydrogen as a nonmetalCompare and contrast properties of the Compare and contrast properties of the

halogenshalogensDescribe properties and uses of the noble Describe properties and uses of the noble

gasesgases

This is important because nonmetals are not This is important because nonmetals are not only all around you, the are an essential only all around you, the are an essential

part of your body!part of your body!

Page 18: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Nonmetals on the Periodic TableNonmetals on the Periodic Table On the periodic table, the On the periodic table, the nonmetalsnonmetals are found on are found on

the RIGHT side of the zig-zag line. the RIGHT side of the zig-zag line. REMEMBER: HYDROGEN IS A NONMETAL!REMEMBER: HYDROGEN IS A NONMETAL!

Page 19: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Properties of NonmetalsProperties of Nonmetals

Poor conductors of heat and electricityPoor conductors of heat and electricity No luster (not shiny)No luster (not shiny) Not malleable (bendable)Not malleable (bendable) Not ductile (CAN NOT be drawn into wires)Not ductile (CAN NOT be drawn into wires) Usually gases OR brittle solids (EXCEPTION: Usually gases OR brittle solids (EXCEPTION:

Bromine (Br) = liquid)Bromine (Br) = liquid)

Sulfur

Oxygen

Page 20: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Did you know…..Did you know…..Most of your body mass is made up of Most of your body mass is made up of

nonmetalsnonmetals!! oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogenoxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Page 21: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Bonding in Bonding in NonmetalsNonmetals

Nonmetals tend to GAIN electrons to Nonmetals tend to GAIN electrons to become stable.become stable.

When a nonmetal gains an electron it When a nonmetal gains an electron it becomes a NEGATIVELY charged ION.becomes a NEGATIVELY charged ION.

NONMETAL + NOMETAL = COVALENT BONDINGNONMETAL + NOMETAL = COVALENT BONDING

(SHARE electrons)(SHARE electrons)

Page 22: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

HydrogenHydrogen

Highly reactiveHighly reactive Is a nonmetal that acts like Is a nonmetal that acts like

a metala metal

Page 23: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Diatomic MoleculesDiatomic Molecules

Diatomic moleculeDiatomic molecule – consists of two atoms of the – consists of two atoms of the same element in a covalent bond.same element in a covalent bond.

Hi Bronclf Hi Bronclf ( ( HHI I BrBrOONNClClFF))HH22, I, I22, , BrBr22, O, O22, , NN22, Cl, Cl22, , FF22))

SHARE electrons

Page 24: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

NonmetalsNonmetals

HalogensHalogens

Noble GasesNoble Gases

Page 25: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

The HalogensThe Halogens

Located in group 7A (17) of the periodic Located in group 7A (17) of the periodic table table

Forms a SALT when reacts with a metal Forms a SALT when reacts with a metal (Example: NaCl)(Example: NaCl)

MOST HIGHLY reactive nonmetals MOST HIGHLY reactive nonmetals because they have 7 valence electronsbecause they have 7 valence electrons

Gains 1 electron to become stableGains 1 electron to become stable - 1 ions- 1 ions

Page 26: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

SublimationSublimation

SublimationSublimation- SOLID - SOLID GAS GAS without forming a LIQUIDwithout forming a LIQUID

Example. Dry iceExample. Dry ice

Page 27: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Noble Gases on the Periodic TableNoble Gases on the Periodic Table

•Located in group 8A (18) of the periodic table

•Inert gases (Do not react)

•Outermost energy levels are full

•STABLE

Page 28: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Chapter 20Chapter 20

Section 3: Mixed GroupsSection 3: Mixed Groups

Page 29: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

You will learn how to….You will learn how to…. Distinguish among metals, nonmetals, and Distinguish among metals, nonmetals, and

metalloidsmetalloids Describe the nature of allotropesDescribe the nature of allotropes Recognize the significance of differences in Recognize the significance of differences in

crystal structure in carboncrystal structure in carbon Understand the importance of synthetic Understand the importance of synthetic

elementselements

This is important because the elements in mixed This is important because the elements in mixed groups affect your life every day, because they groups affect your life every day, because they are in everything from the computer you use to are in everything from the computer you use to

the air you breathe.the air you breathe.

Page 30: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

MetalloidsMetalloids

Elements ABOVE and BELOW the zig-zag Elements ABOVE and BELOW the zig-zag line (EXCEPTION: Aluminum (Al)line (EXCEPTION: Aluminum (Al)

Has properties of both METALS and Has properties of both METALS and NONMETALSNONMETALS

Page 31: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Boron GroupBoron Group

Page 32: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Carbon GroupCarbon Group

Page 33: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

AllotropeAllotrope

AllotropeAllotrope- SAME element with a - SAME element with a DIFFERNET molecular structureDIFFERNET molecular structure

Page 34: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

AllotropesAllotropes

This figure shows three allotropes of carbon.This figure shows three allotropes of carbon.

Page 35: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Nitrogen GroupNitrogen Group

Page 36: Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

Oxygen GroupOxygen Group