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Chapter 2 Work-OrientedMethods
• Work Oriented – What the worker
does
• Tasks, tools, machines, work context. – Compared
to:
• Worker oriented – What the worker needs
•
Worker attributes: S!Os• "#brid
• Mana$ers and teams
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Work-Orientated
• Time and motion Stud#
• ()!• *O+
• (ines *T
• Task n/entor#• Comprehensi/e Occupational *ata
!nal#sis
S#stem• Work er0ormance Sur/e# S#stem
• Critical ncidents
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Work-Oriented
• Time and Motion Stud# 1(red +illian3ilbreth4
– Time stud#
• Work Sampling (time on and of task)• Standard setting
• Predetermined time systems (prior research)
• Industry standard data – E.g. auto mechanic rates
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– Motion stud#• Graphs and ow charts
• icromotion analysis
•!ecording techni"ues
– #ideo and photography
– Criticism o0 time and motion stud#• $ould we shorten the
%oring symphony
piece %y making it more e&cient'• $ouldnt these o%s %e
done %etter %y
ro%ots'
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()!
• *=3 T"< WO; – Work +elds
– achine, tools, e"uipment, work aids
• S
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()!
• OT"
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()!
(ine /. *o+
• Sidne# (ines method – Contains some 0eatures lackin$ in
*o+
• +e/el and orientation 1le/el o0 in/ol/ement
e.$. time4• Complexit# at the task le/el
• *o+ –
Some worker attributes not in
Sidne#s1(ine4• Temperament
•
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()! research
• *T 1/er# reliable 0or *, not 0or T4 – Thin$s /aried
across Aobs within
occupations
– ntellectual and perceptual reEuirements
• reliable
– h#sical abilit# reEuirements
• =ot reliable
• ro/ided description o0 /irtuall# all Aobs in 7.S.
•OF=et replaced it!pple %&' Chapter 2 WorkOriented Methods
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Task n/entories
• !s man# as 'HH c0 to ()! 1&-'H4 – 7se0ul in 92Hs to
6Hs 0or skilled trades
– 7se0ul in 9&Hs 0or 7S!(
• CO*! – 1Comprehensi/e Occupational *ata
!nal#sis ro$ram4 Ia computeri8ed
pro$ramJ – 7se0ul 0or startin$ a Aob anal#sis
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Work Orientated
task anal#sis
• S7;@
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Task !nal#sis
• *!T! !=!+?SS – >oth CO*! and WSS
• !re computeri8ed
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Critical ncident TechniEue
1(lanna$an4
– Context
– >eha/ior
– ConseEuences• Was (er$uson MO a $ood example or
whatJ
• See Ltips 0or capturin$ Cs
• ;$roups•
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C ;
