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Chapter 2The Microworld
2-2
Major Foodborne Illnesses Caused by Fish Toxins
Fish Toxin Illnesses Scombroid poisoning
Ciguatera fish poisoning
2-2
2-3
Scombroid Poisoning
Illness: Scombroid poisoning Toxin: Histamine
Commonly Linked Food Most Common Symptoms
Tuna Initially
Bonito Burning/tingling in mouth or throat
Mackerel Reddening of the face and neck
Mahi mahi Sweating Headache
Possibly later
Diarrhea Vomiting
2-3
2-4
Preventing Scombroid Poisoning
2-4
Most Important Prevention Measure Purchase from approved, reputable suppliers
Other Prevention Measures Prevent time-temperature abuse during storage and
preparation
2-5
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning
Illness: Ciguatera fish poisoning Toxin: Ciguatoxin
Commonly Linked Food Most Common Symptoms
Predatory tropical reef fish from Pacific Ocean, Western Indian Ocean, and Caribbean Sea:
Reversal of hot and cold sensations
Barracuda Grouper Tingling in fingers, lips, toes
Jacks Snapper Joint and muscle pain
Nausea
Vomiting
2-5
2-6
Preventing Ciguatera Fish Poisoning
2-6
Most Important Prevention Measure Purchase predatory tropical reef fish from
approved, reputable suppliers
2-7
Shellfish Toxin Illnesses Paralytic shellfish poisoning
(PSP)
Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP)
Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP)
2-7
Major Foodborne Illnesses Caused by Shellfish Toxins
2-8
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP)
Illness: Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) Toxin: Saxitoxin
Commonly Linked Food Most Common Symptoms
Shellfish found in colder waters such as those of the Pacific and New England coasts:
Numbness
Clams Mussels Tingling in mouth, face, arms, and legs
Oysters Scallops Dizziness
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
2-8
2-9
Preventing Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP)
2-9
Most Important Prevention Measure Purchase shellfish from approved, reputable suppliers
2-10
Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP)
Illness: Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) Toxin: Brevetoxin
Commonly Linked Food Most Common Symptoms
Shellfish in warmer waters of west coast of Florida, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea:
Tingling and numbness of the lips, tongue, and throat
Clams Dizziness
Mussels Reversal of hot and cold sensations
Oysters Vomiting
Diarrhea
2-10
2-11
Preventing Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP)
2-11
Most Important Prevention Measure Purchase shellfish from approved, reputable suppliers
2-12
Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP)
Illness: Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) Toxin: Domoic acid
Commonly Linked Food Most Common Symptoms
Shellfish found in coastal waters of Pacific Northwest and east coast of Canada:
Initially Vomiting Diarrhea Abdominal pain
Clams
Mussels
Oysters
Scallops
Possibly later Confusion Memory loss Disorientation Seizure Coma
2-12
2-13
Preventing Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP)
2-13
Most Important Prevention Measure Purchase shellfish from approved, reputable suppliers