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Chapter 2 - The Internet
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Chapter 2The Internet
THE INTERNETTHE INTERNET
Worldwide group of connected networks that allow public access to information and services
No single organization owns or controls Estimated 360 million users in 2000 One-half billion in 2003 More than one billion in 2005
Internet Uses
Access information, new, research & educational material
Send or receive messages (e-mail) One of the original services of the
Internet Meet and converse with people
around the world in discussion groups or chat rooms
Electronic commerce; click to view video, be patient
What are some services found on the Internet?
Web
Instant Messaging
Internet Telephony
Chat
Newsgroups
HISTORY OF THE INTERNETHISTORY OF THE INTERNET
Started as a WAN network of four computers at the University of California at Los Angeles in 1969 This Pentagon project was called
ARPANETAdvanced Research Projects Agency
(ARPA) – ARPANET
Internet Goals:
Allow scientists at different locations to share information
Function if part of the network were disabled Cold War Terrorism
The Internal Structure - INTERNET
Backbone first provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) – NSFnet
NSF had (and still has) advanced technology that it applies to the Internet
A backbone = main communications lines that carry the bulk of Internet traffic; several supercomputers networked
Internet BackboneInternet Backbone
Backbone now provided by variety of corporations Telephone, cable, satellite companies and
the government Various organizations help advise and
define standards for the Internet Internet2 is an experimental area for
research & a test site for new Internet technologies intended to improve the performance of the Internet
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
How can you connect to the Internet?
Slow-speed technology
Slow-speed technology
Dial-up accessmodem in your computer uses a
standard telephone line to connect to the Internet
Dial-up accessmodem in your computer uses a
standard telephone line to connect to the Internet
Connection must be established each time you log on.
Slow but inexpensive
Connection must be established each time you log on.
Slow but inexpensive
High-speed connection
High-speed connection
Digital subscriber line (DSL), cable telephone Internet
services (CATV), cable modem,fixed, wireless, and satellite modems
Digital subscriber line (DSL), cable telephone Internet
services (CATV), cable modem,fixed, wireless, and satellite modems
Connection is always on—whenever the computer
is runningFast but costs more
Connection is always on—whenever the computer
is runningFast but costs more
Other high-speed broadband services
Cable Internet
service
DSL
Fiber to the Premises
(FTTP)
Fixed
wireless
Cellular
Radio Network
Wi-Fi
Satellite
Internet
Service
In the Bismarck area I am the most familiar with services in RED
Internet Service Providers & Online Services
Internet Service Providers & Online Services
ISPs are businesses that provide access to the Internet for a fee
Regional are local (Bismarck area) ISPs National ISPs serve the entire country (AT&T;
Earthlink)
Online service providers (OSP) offer services to members only (AOL & MSN)
News; weather; financial data; games travel guides; etc.
Wireless service providers (WSP) Handheld devices; cell phones, pagers, notebook
computers, automobiles, etc.
How Data Travels the InternetHow Data Travels the Internet
Client can access server Server/Host computers
Manage network resources In 1984; 1,000 computer
hosts In 2003; 150,000,000 hosts
Modem or Network card converts and transmits data
Message is broken into little Packets of data that are sent individually
Routers smart switches that select the route that the packets will follow
Protocol An agreed-upon format for transmitting data between two devices
TCP-IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol)
Backbone
Internet IP AddressesInternet IP Addresses IP (Internet protocol) address is the
unique number of a device on the Internet
Domain name is a text name that represents the IP address
Domain name servers (DNS) Translate domain names into IP addresses
TLD is a top-level domain abbreviation com, edu, gov, org, etc.
THE WORLD WIDE WEBTHE WORLD WIDE WEB
WWW – a service on the Internet that consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (Web pages) containing links
Started in 1991 – Tim Berners-Lee Hyperlinks (links) – navigate the WWW
Links are found on Web pages Several Web pages make up a Web site
Web servers manage Web sites & communications
Webmasters create Web pages
The World Wide Web (continued)
Web servers deliver (serve up) the Web pages that you request
Web browser or browser software provides a user a friendly way to access and view Web pages
Internet Explorer, Firefox, etc.
MicrosoftInternetExplorer
Firefox
Google Chrome OperaSafari
The World Wide Web (continued)
A home page is the first page that a Web site displays
Web pages provide links to other related Web pages Surfing the Web
Downloading is the process of receiving information
• Some Web pages are designed specifically for microbrowsers
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Protocol://domain name / path to a specific Web page or file
Hypertext transfer protocol (http://) Rules that define how pages (data) transfers on the Web.
A Web page has a unique address called a URL or Web address
What is downloading?
p. 76
The process of a computer receiving information Depending upon connection speed, downloading
can take from a few seconds to several minutes
Uploading ?
Spider (Webopedia) software reads Web pages & creates an index.
Hit is a Web page link that is listed as a result of a search.(IP address is not listed in the hit, test question)
Click to check
out BTI
What is a search engine?
p. 80
Program used to find Web sites and Web pages by entering words or phrases called search text Also called a keyword
Google search =
University of Mary Bismarck North Dakota
Try “ “ (check hits)
What is a subject directory?
Lets you find information by clicking links rather than entering keywords
Search tool with organized set of topics and subtopics
Automobile; Automobile Sales; Automobile Sales Imports; Automobile Sales Imports Honda….
Google- Maps
Zoom in on
University of Mary, Bismarck, ND
What is a hit?
p. 80 Fig. 2-12
Any Web site name that is listed as the result of a search
Note: Page Name & Domain Name but no IP numbers! This is
a frequently missed test question!
Yahoo search =
“academic software”
Check Prices
Microsoft Office 2007 ProCompare Prices
Retail Store vs. Academic Online Prices
Retail StoresBest Buy = $500
Office Depot = $330 (upgrade)
Sam’s Club = $271 (upgrade)
Academic Online Stores
Gradeware = $170
Academic Superstore = $170
Ultimate Steal = $59
What are the nine basic types of Web sites?
Portal
News Informational Business/Marketing Educational Entertainment Advocacy Blog – on line
journal/diary Vlog – video log Personal
Evaluating a Web SiteEvaluating a Web Site
Information presented on the Web must be evaluated for accuracy
No one oversees the content of Web pages
Beware!
Multimedia on the WebMultimedia on the Web
Web pages incorporate color, sound, motion, and graphics with text
Plug-ins – run multimedia elements Sound, video, graphics & animated graphics Added to and becomes part of the browser Extend the capabilities of the browser
Java – multimedia language Applets
Multimedia on the WebMultimedia on the Web
Multimedia refers to any application that combines text with:
GraphicsAnimatio
n
Audio Video
Multimedia on the Web (continued)
Multimedia on the Web (continued)
Graphic file formats JPEG for pictures GIF for line art (clip art) Other graphic formats include BMP, PNG & TIFF
Thumbnails – small versions of a larger image
GIF thumbnail
JPEG thumbnail
Multimedia on the Web (continued)
Multimedia on the Web (continued)
Animation is the appearance of motion
Marquees – text scrolling across the screen
Animated GIF combines several still images into a single file
Animation = Next Slide
Audio on the WebAudio on the Web
Common sound formats MP3 (compressed) & WAV
Streaming audio Listen as sound file is downloaded
Internet telephony – Internet telephone service VoIP = Voice over IP (Internet
Protocol)
Example of “Streamin
g” in a couple of
slides.
Audio on the WebAudio on the Web
RealAudio Listen (live) to radio &
TV
Try it! Select a station and then click PLAY
Are your speakers on?
Check out the “Webcam”Video on the
WebVideo on the Web
Streaming video View as video file is downloaded Allows videoconferencing
RealVideo – live video feeds A popular video file format
Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG)
Be patient this may take a while to download.
Streaming Audio & Video
http://www.apple.com/trailers/miramax/cold_mountain/t1_large.html
Quick Time Plug-in required
Sound ?
Consider downloading the free plug-in, you may be prompted when you click the image.
Virtual Reality on the WebVirtual Reality on the Web
Simulation of real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space
Virtual reality modeling language (VRML)
A site created with VRML is a VR (virtual) world
Used for modeling 3d games Architects use to model buildings Scientists use to study molecules and other structures
Virtual TourCuster House, Ft Lincoln, Mandan, ND
Click to take a virtual tour
WEBCASTINGWEBCASTING
Pull technology – client requests the Web page from the Web server
Push technology - Web files are downloaded automatically from Web servers to the client
At a periodic interval The user does not need to request the
information
ELECTRONIC COMMERCEELECTRONIC COMMERCE
Conducting business activities online
Businesses have Electronic money (e-money)
Encryption Scrambled data sent over the WWW Used for secured transactions
E-Commerce
Click the image to view a video
WEB PUBLISHINGWEB PUBLISHING
Web pages are created with the Hypertext markup language (HTML) - tags
Web authoring software HTML editors make
programming more user friendly
Microsoft Expression Web Dreamweaver and HomeSite
Word processing packages
To publish a Web site the Web pages must be uploaded to a Web server
OTHER INTERNET SERVICESOTHER INTERNET SERVICES
E-mail An original service of the Internet Primary communication method for both
personal and business use E-mail users have e-mail addresses Electronic messages are stored in
mailboxes residing in mail servers Outlook, Netscape, Eudora & many others
E-mail Addresses
An e-mail address consists of Username & domain name
Post Office Protocol (POP3) is used to retrieve e-mail from a mail server
The set of rules for e-mail transfer
The technology used by many mail servers
Attachments (graphics, video clips, & files) can be sent with e-mail messages
Encoding converts attachment to a binary form and back
What is a PDF file?How do you edit a PDF file?
FTP INTERNET SERVICESFTP INTERNET SERVICES
FTP (file transfer protocol) is an Internet standard that permits files to be uploaded and downloaded on the Internet
Web pages to Web servers to clients.
Many operating systems include FTP capabilities
FTP servers contain files that can be transferred
Anonymous FTP – anyone can transfer the files
FTP Site
Search for:
PDF to Word (free?) (Convert a PDF document into a Word document & then edit)
Telnet INTERNET SERVICESTelnet INTERNET SERVICES Telnet
Log into remote computers & have the remote computer work for the user
Access remote databases, directories, and library catalogs
Today’s use of Internet Service Providers and Web browsers has reduced the need for Telenet
Most libraries have converted to a Web based system
OTHER INTERNET SERVICESOTHER INTERNET SERVICES
Newsgroups An online discussion about a particular subject You may discuss sports or a breaking news story Collection of newsgroups is called a Usenet
Mailing Lists & LISTSERVs Send mail to a large group of people at one time LISTSERV is a popular mailing list software
product
What is a chat?
p. 98 Fig. 2-32
Real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer
Chat room is location on a server that permits users to discuss topics of interest
Instant messaging notifies you when someone you know is online & then you can exchange messages with them
What is a Twitter?
A Tweet?
A Twitter video in
Plain English!
NETIQUETTENETIQUETTE
Internet etiquette The code of
acceptable behavior users should follow while on the Internet
Avoid “spam” – sending messages to several people
Respect
Chat room Lawsuit
Golden Rule: Treat others as
you would like them to treat you.
Benedictine value = Respect for others
Chapter 2 CompleteChapter 2 Complete
