Chapter 2

The Internet and the World Wide Web

2

Objectives

• Brief history• Internet Access• Six Internet Services

– Web

– Email

– Chat (instant messenger)

– Newsgroup

– FTP

– Telnet

3

History of Internet

• 30-year History since 1969– Pentagon and Cold War

• Original Use: – Military installations

– Universities

– Business firms with defense department contracts

• Initial Goal: – Design a network that maintains the safe

transition of data between military computers

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EventsDate Event

1969 ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency )

1984 MILNET & ARPANET (Internet)

1980s National Science Foundation (NSF) controlled Internet Access

1991 NSF eased restrictions on Internet Access

1995 U.S. government relaxed entry into Internet for the public

5

Internet Service Providers

• ISPs offer:– Linking consumers and businesses

to Internet– Monitoring and maintaining a

customer’s Web site– All Internet Services

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What are Internet Services?

• Web• Email• Chat/Messenger• Newsgroup• FTP• Telnet

7

Web

• World Wide Web (WWW)– Global hypertext network of

millions of Web servers and browsers

– Connected by Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

– Web pages can be designed by Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

8

Web (Cont’d)• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

– E.g. http://www.towson.edu

– http:// - protocol designer

– www.towson.edu - server name• www means the network is located on a

dedicated Web server somewhere

• Towson.edu is the name of the network

• edu indicates the site is an educational institution

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Email

• Email client– A software program loaded in a

PC allowing user to access email

• Email Server

• Email protocol: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

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Instant Messenger/Chat

• Industrial Examples (AOL, MSN)

• Relevance to Internet usages: distinguish Web from Internet

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Telnet and FTP

• Telnet– A basic Internet service

allowing users to access remote computers

• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)– A standard protocol

allowing users to copy files from computer to computer on Internet

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Newsgroup (news reader)

13

Exercises

• What are the 6 types of Internet services?• What is the software called that allows users to

navigate the Web, a browser or HTTP?• True/False? The main network of connections that

carry Internet traffic is called the Intranet? Or backbone?

• True/False? A location on the Web that acts as a launching point for searching and retrieving information is called a portal or homepage.

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Summary• Brief history• Internet access• Internet services

– Web– Email– Messenger/Chat– FTP– Telnet– Newsgroup

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Instant Messenger

• Industrial Examples (AOL, MSN)

• How to use AIM in classroom? Click here