Chapter 2 Study Guide

SECTION ONE: Chapter Review

Discovering the Mysteries of the Nervous System

1. A(n) __________________________ requires that electrodes be placedon a person’s scalp, while a(n) ______________ requires that microelec-trodes be inserted directly into the brain.

2. The CT scan and MRI are used toa. show the amount of activity in various parts of the brain.b. produce images of the brain’s structures.c. measure electrical activity in the brain.d. observe neural communication at synapses.

3. Which of the following reveals the electrical activity of the brain by pro-ducing a record of brain waves?a. electroencephalogram c. PET scan b. CT scan d. MRI

4. Which of the following reveals brain structures, but not brain activity?a. CT scan c. PET scan b. EEG d. fMRI

5. Which of the following reveals both brain structure and brain activity?a. MRI c. fMRI b. PET scan d. CT scan

The Neurons and the Neurotransmitters

6. The branchlike extensions of neurons that act as receivers of signals fromother neurons are thea. dendrites. c. neurotransmitters. b. axons. d. cell bodies.

7. __________ support neurons, supplying them with nutrients and carryingaway their waste products.

8. The junction where the axon of a sending neuron communicates with areceiving neuron is called thea. reuptake site. c. synapse. b. receptor site. d. axon terminal.

9. When a neuron fires, neurotransmitters are released from the synapticvesicles in the __________ terminal into the synaptic cleft.a. dendrite c. receptor b. cell body’s d. axon

10. The (resting, action) potential is the firing of a neuron that results whenthe charge within the neuron becomes more positive than the chargeoutside the cell membrane. The (resting, action) potential is the slightnegative charge of the neuron.

11. Receptor sites on the receiving neurona. receive any available neurotransmitter molecules.b. receive only neurotransmitter molecules of specific shapes.c. can only be influenced by neurotransmitters from a single neuron.d. are located only on the dendrites.

12. The neurotransmitter called acetylcholine is involved ina. memory. c. rapid eye movement during sleep.b. motor function. d. all of the above

13. __________ is a neurotransmitter that may be associated with ADHD.

14. __________ are neurotransmitters that act as natural painkillers.

15. Responses to cocaine involve the neurotransmitters __________ and__________.

16. The __________ nervous system connects the central nervous system tothe rest of the body.a. central c. somatic b. peripheral d. autonomic

17. The __________ nervous system mobilizes the body’s resources dur-ing times of stress; the __________ nervous system brings the heightened bodily responses back to normal when the emergencyis over.a. somatic; autonomic c. sympathetic; parasympathetic b. autonomic; somatic d. parasympathetic; sympathetic

The Human Nervous System

18. Match the brain structure with its description. (1) connects the brain with the peripheral nervous system (2) controls heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure (3) consists of the medulla, the pons, and the reticular formation (4) influences attention and arousal (5) coordinates complex body movements (6) serves as a relay station for sensory information flowing into

the brain (7) controls unconscious movements

a. medulla e. cerebellum b. spinal cord f. brainstem c. reticular formation g. substantia nigra d. thalamus

19. The hypothalamus regulates all the following except a. internal body temperature. c. hunger and thirst. b. coordinated movement. d. sexual behavior.

20. The part of the limbic system primarily involved in the formation of mem-ories is the (amygdala, hippocampus).

21. The __________ is associated with emotions, and the __________ isinvolved in memory.