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Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite1
Chapter 2Chapter 2
Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite2
Introduction Introduction
Layered protocol architectureTCP/IP protocol suiteOSI reference modelInternetworking
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite3
The Need for a Protocol The Need for a Protocol ArchitectureArchitectureProcedures to exchange data between
devices can be complexHigh degree of cooperation required
between communicating systems
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite4
Example: File transfer Example: File transfer
Requires a data path to existTasks:
– Activate data communication path– Source determines that destination is ready– File transfer app destination file management
app is ready store file for user– File format conversion
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite5
Layered Protocol ArchitectureLayered Protocol Architecture
modules arranged in a vertical stackEach layer in stack:
– Performs related functions– Relies on lower layer for more primitive
functions– Provides services to next higher layer– Communicates with corresponding peer layer
of neighboring system using a protocol
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite6
Key Features of a ProtocolKey Features of a Protocol
Set of rules or conventions to exchange blocks of formatted data
Syntax: data formatSemantics: control information
(coordination, error handling)Timing: speed matching, sequencing
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite7
TCP/IP LayersTCP/IP Layers
PhysicalNetwork accessInternetTransport Application
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite8
TCP and UDPTCP and UDP
TCP: – connection-oriented– Reliable packet delivery in sequence
UDP:– connectionless (datagram)– Unreliable packet delivery– Packets may arrive out of sequence or
duplicated
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite9
Figure 2.1Figure 2.1
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite10
Figure 2.2Figure 2.2
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite11
Operation of TCP and IPOperation of TCP and IP
IP implemented in end systems and routers, relaying data between hosts
TCP implemented only in end systems, assuring reliable delivery of blocks of data
Each host on subnetwork has unique IP address
Each process on each process has unique IP port number
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite12
Figure 2-3Figure 2-3
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite13
Figure 2-4Figure 2-4
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite14
TCP ApplicationsTCP Applications
SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolFTP: File Transfer Protocol telnet: remote login
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite15
OSI Reference ModelOSI Reference Model
ApplicationPresentationSessionTransportNetworkData linkphysical
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite16
Figure 2.5Figure 2.5
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite17
Internetworking TermsInternetworking Terms
Communication networkInternetIntranetSubnetworkEnd systemIntermediate systemBridgeRouter
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite18
RoutersRouters
Provide link between networksAccommodate network differences:
– Addressing schemes– Maximum packet sizes– Hardware and software interfaces– Network reliability
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite19
Figure 2-7Figure 2-7
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite20
Figure 2-8Figure 2-8
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite21
Figure 2-9Figure 2-9
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite22
Figure 2-10Figure 2-10