Chapter 2 Principles Chapter 2 Principles of Ecologyof Ecology

Section 2.1 Section 2.1

Organisms and their environmentOrganisms and their environment

BellringerBellringerQuick Write-5 minsQuick Write-5 mins

Describe the kinds of organisms you see Describe the kinds of organisms you see in your environment everyday.in your environment everyday.

ObjectivesObjectivesI can statementsI can statements

Describe and identify Abiotic and Biotic Describe and identify Abiotic and Biotic factors in an environmentfactors in an environment

Compare the different levels of biological Compare the different levels of biological organization and living relationships organization and living relationships important in ecologyimportant in ecology

Explain the difference between a niche and Explain the difference between a niche and a habitata habitat

Why is this important?Why is this important? Organisms get what they Organisms get what they

need to survive from their need to survive from their immediate environmentimmediate environment

They find food and shelter, They find food and shelter, reproduce and interact with reproduce and interact with other organismsother organisms

It is important to understand It is important to understand how living things depend on how living things depend on their environmentstheir environments

How are we dependent on How are we dependent on our environment?our environment?

What is EcologyWhat is Ecology

EcologyEcology is the branch of biology that focuses on is the branch of biology that focuses on the study of interactions that take place between the study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environmentorganisms and their environment

Ecologists use descriptive and quantitative data to Ecologists use descriptive and quantitative data to describe environmentsdescribe environments

Ecologists obtain quantitative data by making Ecologists obtain quantitative data by making measurements in the field and the laboratorymeasurements in the field and the laboratory

An ecologist may ask questions about the diets of An ecologist may ask questions about the diets of animals, how day length influences plant growth, animals, how day length influences plant growth, the effect of pollution on fish populations.the effect of pollution on fish populations.

The BiosphereThe Biosphere The Biosphere is the portion The Biosphere is the portion

of the Earth that supports of the Earth that supports living things.living things.

Living things can be found in Living things can be found in the air (atmosphere), land the air (atmosphere), land (lithosphere) and water (lithosphere) and water (hydrosphere) environments.(hydrosphere) environments.

The biosphere supports a The biosphere supports a diverse group of organisms in diverse group of organisms in a wide range of environmentsa wide range of environments

Abiotic & Biotic FactorsAbiotic & Biotic Factors Living things are Living things are

dependent on Abiotic or dependent on Abiotic or Non-living FactorsNon-living Factors Water-PreciptationWater-Preciptation Gases in the atmosphere Gases in the atmosphere

and dissolved in waterand dissolved in water Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon

Dioxide, Dioxide, Air currentsAir currents

Minerals that make up the Minerals that make up the soilsoil

SunlightSunlight SalinitySalinity

Abiotic FactorsAbiotic Factors

Determine which Determine which organisms survive in a organisms survive in a particular environmentparticular environment

What changes in a What changes in a grassland might result grassland might result from a droughtfrom a drought

Biotic FactorsBiotic Factors Living things are Living things are

dependent on Biotic dependent on Biotic factors-all the living factors-all the living organisms that inhabit an organisms that inhabit an environment environment

Living things affect other Living things affect other living things.living things.

In what ways do living In what ways do living things interact and cause things interact and cause changes in other living changes in other living things?things?

Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organization Ecologists StudyEcologists Study

IndividualIndividual Organisms-Level 1Organisms-Level 1 Interactions among organisms of Interactions among organisms of

the same species which the same species which interbreed and live in the same interbreed and live in the same area at the same time-area at the same time-Population Level 2Population Level 2

Interacting populations of Interacting populations of organisms found in a location all organisms found in a location all the time-the time-Community Level 3Community Level 3

Infer how a change in level 1 Infer how a change in level 1 might affect levels 2 and 3? might affect levels 2 and 3? Why?Why?

Ecosystems-Biotic and Abiotic Ecosystems-Biotic and Abiotic Factors Working TogetherFactors Working Together

An Ecosystem is made up of An Ecosystem is made up of interacting populations in a interacting populations in a biological community and the biological community and the community’s abiotic factors.community’s abiotic factors.

There are 2 kind of There are 2 kind of ecosystemsecosystems Terrestrial-those located on Terrestrial-those located on

land land Forests, meadows and rotting Forests, meadows and rotting

logslogs Aquatic EcosystemsAquatic Ecosystems

Freshwater-ponds, lakes, Freshwater-ponds, lakes, streamsstreams

Saltwater also called Marine Saltwater also called Marine ecosystemsecosystems

Ocean, Seas, EstuaryOcean, Seas, Estuary

Organisms in EcosystemsOrganisms in Ecosystems The place where an The place where an

organism lives out its’ life organism lives out its’ life is called the Habitatis called the Habitat The bottom of a streamThe bottom of a stream A specific species of treeA specific species of tree

Habitats can change and Habitats can change and sometimes disappearsometimes disappear Natural Natural Human causesHuman causes

What kind of habitat What kind of habitat might have existed here might have existed here before the city was built?before the city was built?

Organisms have jobs too!Organisms have jobs too! The role or position a The role or position a

species has in its species has in its environment-how it meets its environment-how it meets its specific needs for food, specific needs for food, shelter, reproduction is shelter, reproduction is called a called a Niche.Niche.

It is not advantageous for 2 It is not advantageous for 2 species to occupy the same species to occupy the same niche in a habitat.niche in a habitat.

Unique adaptions allow Unique adaptions allow species to coexist in the species to coexist in the same habitat.same habitat.

Homework-Biotic and Abiotic Homework-Biotic and Abiotic FactorsFactors

Observe and take notes on the biotic and Observe and take notes on the biotic and abiotic factors in your neighborhood can be abiotic factors in your neighborhood can be your backyard, front yard or local park. your backyard, front yard or local park. Explain the importance of each factor to Explain the importance of each factor to the community. Identify a single organism, the community. Identify a single organism, a population of similar organisms and the a population of similar organisms and the members of a community in the ecosystem members of a community in the ecosystem you observe. Infer what might happen if you observe. Infer what might happen if one of the members of the community one of the members of the community disappeared. disappeared.