Chapter 2

Personality psychology

Topics of the subject

What is personality? Personality Determinants Personality Types Personality theories (more than one

theory) Type A and Type B personalities

What is Personality?

In psychology, personality is a collection of emotional, thought and behavioral patterns unique to a person that is consistent over time.

The word originates from the Latin persona, which means, "mask used in the theater.

Personality Determinants

Physical Factors: These factors include common physical traits such as health, being tall or short, weight and other disabilities. : 1- general physical state 2- specific physical ability and disability

psychological Factors: These factors include intelligence, abilities, values, and attitudes.

Social Factors: these factors include the environment that surrounds the person such as family, school ..etc.

1- The family: poor or rich, living with parents or with one of them, the childhood period. .etc.

2- Outside the house: leisure time, friends, teachers, co-workers, supervisors at work.. etc.

Culture Factors: These factors include beliefs, social values, religion, political environment, the media.. etc.

Personality Types- Introvert ( االنطوائي )

Strengths Weaknesses

independentDoes not understand external circumstances

work alone and hard worker

needs calm environment to be able to work

Reflexes his feelingsdoesn't like to be interrupted by others

careful in behaving misunderstand others

Personality Types - Extrovert ( االنبساطي )

Strengths Weaknesses

understands external circumstances

can not work without others

interacts with othersget mad with routine

open minded needs calm environment to work

careful in generalizing less independent

Personality Types - Intuitive (البديهي )

Strengths Weaknesses

Solves new problemsJumps on conclusions

Deals with complex issues Does not care with reality

Imagines and intuits(حد�س� (ي

Does not like tedious(روتينى)jobs

Has a holistic(موضوعية)view

Loses follow-up(المتابعة)

Personality Types - Sensing ( الدقيق)

Strengths Weaknesses

PracticalLosing holistic view when working with details

Remembering detailsDoes not care with the new

Works with difficult details Does not prefer imagining future

Organized

Personality Types - Thinking (المفكر )

Strengths Weaknesses

ObjectiveDoesn’t care with feelings of others

Logical and analyticalMisunderstands the others

Has a stand point of view Doesn’t show his feelings

Has a critical viewShows less mercy

Personality Types – Feeling (الحساس )

Strengths Weaknesses

Appreciates the feelings of others

Accepts things frankly

Understands needs and values

Depends on feelings

Convincing and stimulates feelings

Subjective and

Less organized

Explains feelings Is not guided by logic

Personality Types - Judging ( المتحكم )

Strengths Weaknesses

Decides and PlansStubborn and Inflexible

Orders and ControlsDecides on insufficient information

Continues workDoesn’t like interruption at work

Making fast decisionsJudging things

Personality Types - Perceiving ( المالحظ )

Strengths Weaknesses

Accepts compromise( حل(الوسط

Not decisive(حازم) & Doesn’t plan

Sees all aspects(أوجه) of the problem

Doesn’t complete projects

Flexible and

Decides on sufficient information

Cannot control circumstances

Open to change Has no system

Type A and Type B Personalities

Type AType B

Tends to be aggressive

Seeks challenge

Likes achievement

Prone to stress

Tends to have higher risk of coronary diseases

Tends to be calm

Relaxed

Does not seek challenge

Uncompetitive

Tends to have lower risk of coronary diseases