6
Chapter 2 Notes 1 CHAPTER 2 Matter and Change 2.1 PROPERTIES OF MATTER EXTENSIVE PROPERTY : Depends on the amount of matter in a sample Comparing the same substances. Diamonds to Diamonds INTENSIVE PROPERTY : Depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter Comparing different substances. Diamonds to Cubic Zirconium IDENTIFYING SUBSTANCES Matter : anything that has mass and takes up space. (Has atoms...) Substance : a particular kind of matter that has a uniform and definite composition Mass : measures the amountof matter in a substance Energy is NOT matter! THE STATES OF MATTER Solid Liquid Gas (vapor)

Chapter 2 Notes - ms. Herberholz's class websitekherberholz.weebly.com/.../ch.2_notes_student_updated.pdfChapter 2 Notes 1 CHAPTER 2 Matter and Change 2.1 PROPERTIES OF MATTER •EXTENSIVE

  • Upload
    lethuy

  • View
    222

  • Download
    5

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Chapter 2 Notes - ms. Herberholz's class websitekherberholz.weebly.com/.../ch.2_notes_student_updated.pdfChapter 2 Notes 1 CHAPTER 2 Matter and Change 2.1 PROPERTIES OF MATTER •EXTENSIVE

Chapter 2 Notes

1

CHAPTER 2

Matter and Change

2.1 PROPERTIES OF MATTER

• EXTENSIVE PROPERTY:• Depends on the amount of matter 

in a sample• Comparing the same substances.• Diamonds to Diamonds

INTENSIVE PROPERTY:

• Depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter

• Comparing different substances.• Diamonds to Cubic Zirconium

IDENTIFYING SUBSTANCES• Matter: anything that has mass and takes 

up space. (Has atoms...)• Substance: a particular kind of matter that 

has a uniform and definite composition• Mass: measures the amount of matter in a 

substance• Energy is NOT matter!

  THE STATES OF MATTER

• Solid• Liquid• Gas (vapor)

Page 2: Chapter 2 Notes - ms. Herberholz's class websitekherberholz.weebly.com/.../ch.2_notes_student_updated.pdfChapter 2 Notes 1 CHAPTER 2 Matter and Change 2.1 PROPERTIES OF MATTER •EXTENSIVE

Chapter 2 Notes

2

 SOLIDS

• Definite Shape• Definite Volume• Not easily compressed

 LIQUIDS

• Indefinite shape > (Takes the shape of it’s container)

• Definite Volume• Not easily compressed

 GASES• Indefinite Shape • (Takes shape of it’s container)

• Indefinite volume• Easily compressed• Vapor is a gas that is liquid or solid at room temperature.

Solids  Liquids Gases

Definite Shape

Definite Volume

Not easily compressed 

Indefinite Shape

Definite Volume

Not Easily Compressed 

Indefinite Shape 

Indefinite Volume

Easily Compressed

 PHYSICAL CHANGES

• Alter substances without changing its composition

• Boil, freeze, dissolve, melt, condense, break, split, crack, crush

Chemical Changes

. Chemical Rxn

 Change in Chemical composition

C6H12O6  +  6O2  6H2O +  6CO2

Page 3: Chapter 2 Notes - ms. Herberholz's class websitekherberholz.weebly.com/.../ch.2_notes_student_updated.pdfChapter 2 Notes 1 CHAPTER 2 Matter and Change 2.1 PROPERTIES OF MATTER •EXTENSIVE

Chapter 2 Notes

3

2.2 MIXTURES

• A physical blend of two or more substances • Heterogeneous: Different throughout 

(Pepper Water)• Homogeneous: Same throughout 

(Sugar Water)> Solution = dissolved salt or sugar in water

­NOT A CHEMICAL CHANGE

Separating MixturesFiltration: Filtering solutions to remove the 

solid or undissolved portion.Distillation: Heating a solution to remove 

the dissolved portion 

* Not a Chemical Reaction!

Filtration Distillation

Distilled Water

What does Physical State mean?• Shape of substance• Fine powder, crystals, coarse, etc.• Color of the substance Record your observations?• There was a color change.• Gas bubbles were produced.• There was a temperature change• Nothing happened.• It exploded...

Recognizing Chemical Changes

• Transfer of Energy (Heat, Light)• Change in color (Rust, ashes)• Gas formation (H2, Water vapor, CO2)• Formation of precipitate 

(A solid forms from two liquids) 

What is a chemical formula?

Page 4: Chapter 2 Notes - ms. Herberholz's class websitekherberholz.weebly.com/.../ch.2_notes_student_updated.pdfChapter 2 Notes 1 CHAPTER 2 Matter and Change 2.1 PROPERTIES OF MATTER •EXTENSIVE

Chapter 2 Notes

4

• Elements: simplest forms of matter than can  exist under normal conditions

• Compounds: can be separated into simpler substances only by a chemical  reaction

• Chemical vs. Physical properties

2.3  ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS

• Compounds are Pure• Uniform throughout• Atoms must be bonded together• Only separated by chemical means.• 2NaCl + Mg à MgCl2 + 2Na

Pure Substances

Pure Substances

Elements consists of only 1 type of atom

Compounds consists of 2 or 

more different atoms bonded together

Pure or ImpureH2O

O2

Mg

CaCl2

NaCl+

H2ONa+Mg

O2+N2

Sand+

H2O

Impure SubstancesMixtures

Salt WaterSugar Water

AirMilkBlood

Alloys

Steel: iron, carbon14­K Gold: Gold, Antimony, copperBronze: copper, tinBrass: Copper, zincPewter: tin, copper, antimony

Page 5: Chapter 2 Notes - ms. Herberholz's class websitekherberholz.weebly.com/.../ch.2_notes_student_updated.pdfChapter 2 Notes 1 CHAPTER 2 Matter and Change 2.1 PROPERTIES OF MATTER •EXTENSIVE

Chapter 2 Notes

5

SYMBOLS AND FORMULAS

• Each element is represented by a chemical symbol

2.4  CHEMICAL REACTIONS• One or more substances change 

into new substances• Reactants• Products *complete rearrangement of atoms.

N2 + 3H2 à 2NH3

     

Parts of a Chemical Reaction

Reactants Products

Physcial vs. ChemicalPhysical Properties

ColorOdorMelting PointBoiling PointMalleability (Bending)HardnessTexture

DissolvingChemical Properties

Does it burn?Does it react?Does it rust?

Recognizing Chemical Changes

• Transfer of Energy (Heat, Light)• Change in color (Rust, ashes)• Gas formation (Water vapor, CO2)• Formation of precipitate 

(A solid forms from two liquids) 

Page 6: Chapter 2 Notes - ms. Herberholz's class websitekherberholz.weebly.com/.../ch.2_notes_student_updated.pdfChapter 2 Notes 1 CHAPTER 2 Matter and Change 2.1 PROPERTIES OF MATTER •EXTENSIVE

Chapter 2 Notes

6

 PHYSICAL CHANGES

• Alter substances without changing its composition

• Boil, freeze, dissolve, melt, crush,condense, break, split, crack

• Separated into simpler substances only by a chemical reaction

• Below: The compound, HCl, is separatedby reacting with Mg.

• HCl + Mg à MgCl2 + H2

COMPOUNDS

 CONSERVATION OF MASS

• THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS­ ­ ­mass is neither created nor destroyed

 CONSERVATION OF MASS• If 16 grams of CH4 reacted with 64  grams of 

O2, how many grams of H 2O  are released if 44 grams of CO2 are produced?

• CH4   +   O2 CO2    +   H2O