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Chapter 2 Matter and Change
Unit Notes
START IT UP PUP
Section 2.1 Properties of Matter
What is matter?
Which of these is matter?
airwater
smoke
light
heat
cold
darkness
jello sound
human
cloud
diamond
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Matter can be classified by extensive or intensive properties.
Extensive depends on the amount of matter in the sample.
Intensive does not depend on the amount but the type of matter in the sample.
What is a substance?
Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance.
Examples are: gold, copper, iron, water, sodium chloride (salt), oxygen (see table 2.1)
Physical properties can be used to identify unknown substances.
States of Matter
The three main states of matter are: solid, liquid and gas.
Solids
Solids have a definite shape and volume. The shape of the solid doesn’t depend on
the shape of the container. Solids are incompressible. Expand slightly when heated. Particle vibrate in place.
Liquids
Indefinite shape Definite volume Not easily compressed Expand slightly when heated. Particles can flow.
Gases
Indefinite shape. Indefinite volume. Easily compressed. Particles are free to roam everywhere.
Vocabulary Cards
Matter Extensive Intensive Substance
SUM IT UP
Yup, yup
SUM IT UP PUP
How can you tell if something is matter?
Mixtures 2.2
Mixtures are classified into two groups. Mixtures are physical blends of two or more
components. Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform.
Their components are not evenly distributed. Homogeneous mixtures are uniform and
their components are evenly distributed. Phases describe any part of a mixture that
has uniform composition and properties.
What kind of mixture is it?
heterogeneous Homogeneous
heterogeneousHomogeneous
Homogeneous
Elements and compounds 2.3
Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
Elements cannot. If the composition of a material is fixed, the
material is a substance. If the composition of a material can vary, it is
a mixture. Chemical symbols are used to represent
elements on the periodic table.
Chemical Reactions 2.4 During a chemical change, the composition of
matter always changes. A substance present at the start of the reaction is
called the reactant. The substance present at the end of the reaction is
called the product. Clues that a chemical change has occurred are:
energy transfer (hot or cold feeling), change in color, gas production, formation of a precipitate (solid stuff)
During any chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants and the products must equal each other.
Its called the Law of Conservation of Mass.
How can you recognize a physical versus and chemical change?
Breaking glass
Frying an egg
Shaking pop
Ice pack
Burning a match
Freezing water
Hand warmers
Cooking macaroni
Rusting car
Boiling water
Chopping veggies
Baking a cake
Vocabulary Cards
Mixture Heterogeneous Homogeneous Compound Element Reactant product
SUM IT UP
How can you tell if a chemical instead of a physical reaction has taken place?
LET’S REVIEW SO WE DON’T HIT A WALL WHEN WE TAKE THE TEST
Substance
Matter that has the same composition and properties throughout is called a substance.
Compound
A compound is a substance whose smallest unit is made up of atoms of more than one element chemically bonded together.
Mixture
When two or more substances (element and compounds) come together but don’t combine to create a new substance, a mixture results.
Homogeneous Mixture
These mixtures are the same throughout. You can’t see the different parts.
Heterogeneous Mixture
These mixtures are not the same throughout and you can see the individual parts.
Which one is it?
compoundcompound mixture
mixturemixture
compound
A chemical reaction must make something totally different that has different properties from when it started.
You start with the
reactants
And you end with the
products
When you make a sandwich, what do you do?
When you make a sandwich, what do you do?
Reactants
Products
SCIENCE SWAGEXTRA CREDIT:
Create a video, poem or story about the states of matter.
Poem or story must be one page.
Video must be 2 minutes.
Make sure the projects include good facts about the states
of matter.
Due in one week.
POST IT UP
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
I GOT THIS!
I NEED HELP!