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Chapter 3 Matter and Change
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Matter
Matter is anything that has mass and volume.
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Matter Mass = a measure of the amount of
matter the object contains (don’t confuse this with weight, a measure of gravity) Remember mass is measured in grams
Volume = a measure of the space occupied by the object….remember
volume is a derived unit….. v = l x w x h
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Properties are… Words that describe matter (adjectives)
– Physical Properties- a property that can be observed and measured without changing the material’s composition. »Examples- color, hardness, m.p., b.p.
– Chemical Properties- a property that can only be observed by changing the composition of the material. »Examples- ability to burn, decompose,
ferment, react with, etc.
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Describing Matter Physical properties used to describe matter
can be classified as:
1) Extensive – depends on the amount of matter in the sample
- Mass, volume, calories are examples
2) Intensive – depends on the type of matter, not the amount present
- Hardness, Density, Boiling Point
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Identify the list below as either a Physical or Chemical Property
Red hair dye A ring turns your
finger green A hammer left outside
in the rain will rust Sam weighs 130 lbs Basketballs are
spheres Peroxide bubbles when
it comes in contact with an infection
• The density of water is 1 g/mL
• The air freshener smells like pears
• Paper burns • Tin has a silver color • Water boils at 1000C • Candle wax melts • Gun powder lights up
the sky in firecrackers
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States of matter are Physical Properties
3 common states of matter:
1) Solid- matter that can not flow (definite shape) and has definite volume.
2) Liquid- definite volume but takes the shape of its container (flows).
3) Gas- a substance without definite volume or shape and can flow.
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Vapor…..not the same as a gas
Vapor is a substance that is currently a gas, but normally is a liquid or solid at room temperature.
Which is correct: “water gas”, or “water vapor”?
Water
vapor
Carbon
dioxide
gas
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Three Main Phases
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4th state: Plasma - formed at
high temperatures; ionized phase
of matter as found in the sun