Chapter 2

Lesson 4

Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Lydians

Abraham

Shepard who lived in UrConsidered to be the first JewWhat is the story of Abraham?How did Hebrews’ worship differ from

that of other civilizations in the region?

Hebrews

Lived in Canaan and Egypt; where they were forced into slavery.

What is the story of Moses?How are the Ten Commandments

different from other law codes?

Hebrew Bible

Also called the Torah, “to teach” which is the first 5 books of the Hebrew bible.

Against Jewish law to touch the parchment which the Torah is written on.

Israel and Judah

Deborah was a Jewish judge, who inspired an important victory for the Jews.

In the Torah is says that God chose judges who were used in times of trouble, they offered guidance and leadership.

She encouraged a military leader to gather the tribes of Israel to attack the Canaanites. She predicted that a woman would win the war.

The War

It began in response to oppressive, cruel, rule by the Canaanite king.

King tried to escape but a woman from one of the tribes, Jael, killed him first. Making Deborah’s prediction correct.

Israel and Judah Cont.

1000 B.C. King David united the tribes and founded a new kingdom, Israel.

His son Solomon “the Wise” built a temple to house the Torah

After his death Israel split in two, the north stayed as Israel, and the south became Judah. See p. 57

Israel and Judah Cont.

722 B.C. Israel fell to the Assyrians and the Israeli people fled.

587 B.C. Nebuchadnezzar II conquered Judah and forced many of the people to live in Babylonia.

They continued to practice their faith and eventually returned to Jerusalem.

Phoenicians and Lydians

Adventurous Traders, ex: Solomon’s Temple.

Most important trading post was at Carthage in North Africa. See p. 58

Expert SailorsWhat are the benefits of trade?

Phoenicians and Lydians Cont.

By 1400 B.C. the Phoenicians had developed 22 simple characters for their writing system. Each character stood for a consonant, later the Greeks developed vowels.

Lydians invented the first coins in 500 B.C. and was guaranteed by the Lydian king. Made trading simple and easy.