MERRELL, K.W., ERVIN, R. A., & PEACOCK, G. G. (2006). SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: FOUNDATIONS AND PRACTICES. NEW YORK, NY: THE GUILFORD PRESS.

Chapter 2: History of School Psychology

Timeline of Psychology

470 - 322 B.C.: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle first document the study of psychology

1588-1678: Hobbes: Relationship of speech to thought

1596-1650: Descartes: mind/body dualism 1632-1704: Locke: minds ability to gain

knowledge 1711-1776: Hume: equates psychology to

physics/ impressions vs. ideas 1809-1882: Darwin: evolution of the mind 1832-1939: Wundt establishes the first psych

lab 1856-1939: Freud: unconscious vs. conscious 1891: APA was founded

Timeline of American Education 1600s: Ideas about public education being

discussed. 1700s: States begin to add public education to

their constitutions 1800s: Beginning and expansion of the “common

schools” 1892: Plessy vs. Ferguson 1920s: Almost all children receive some

schooling 1954: Brown vs. Board of Education 1975: Education for All Handicapped Children Act

(P.L. 94-142/ IDEA)

Timeline of School Psychology 1890s: First began to see the foundations of

school psychology as a separate practice. 1896: Lightner Whitmer: First Psychological

Clinic in North America at University of Penn. (specifically for discovering problems in children) Seen as father of school and clinical psychology

1905: Publication of Stanford-Binet scales Original Binet scales for sorting children in Paris

schools 1910: Child Guidance Clinics and Mental Hygiene

Movement 1920s: “School Psychology/ School Psychologist”

emerge as terms 1971: APA Accredits their first doctoral program

Timeline of School Psychology 1930: Hildreth’s book “Psychological Service for

School Problems” published as first book in the field

1949: Boulder Conference: scientist-practitioner model of training and psychological credentials first set forward (general to psychology)

1954: Thayer Conference: first conference specific to school psychology.

1969: NASP is founded 1975: P.L. 94-142 1980s: NASP approves first programs 1988: NCSP credential is established 2002: APA/ NASP joint committee (IOC)

considered a failure

NASP and APA Divide

M.S. / Ed.S. degree to be called a

“psychologist” To practice

independently Sch Psych is

INDEPENDENT from psych

Doctoral Degree to be called a

“psychologist” To practice

independently Sch Psych is

SUBSUMED in psych

NASP APA