Chapter 2

Cellshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rxq0Kqw327s bill nye cell video 23 min

Standards to master: Chapter2 Standard #1: Cell Theory (7.S.3.3.2)

Know men who contributed to cell theory

Define the cell theory

Standard #2: Microscope (7.S.3.3.1)

Types of microscopes used

Know how to use microscope on a basic level

Standard #3: Cell Parts & Function (7.S.3.3.1) (7.S.1.1.3) (7.S.1.2.3) (7.S.1.6.2)

(7.S.1.6.3)

Identify and name cell organelles

Know function of cell organelles

Compare and contrast plant and animal cell

Vocabulary Words to Know:

Cells

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Cell wall

Organelle

Nucleus

Chloroplasts

Mitochondria

ribosome

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi body

vacuole

Tissue

Organ

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

Cell theory

Host cell

Microscopes:

Compound light microscope is what we use in school.

Makes objects bigger using lenses and light.

Magnifies up to 1000x – 2000x Can view living things Electron microscopes are used

when objects are too small to be seen with compound light microscope

Cell Theory: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OpBylwH9DU

Scientists who

contributed to Cell Theory:

Scientist Year What did he contribute?

1600’s

1st microscope invented

Robert Hooke

1665 Discovered cellular composition of corkCreated the word “cell”

Anton Leeuwenhoe

k

1674 Improved microscopesDiscovered “Animalcules” (microorganisms under

microscope)Discovered Bacteria sample in mouth

Matthias Schleiden

1838 Discovered plants made up of cellsCo-founder of cell theory

Theodor Schwann

1839 Discovered animals were made up of cellsCo-founder of cell theory

Rudolph Virchow

1855 Stated all living things come from other living things

Scientists & the CELL THEORY:

Robert Hook: 1665 (British)

Originator of the word “cell”

Study thin slice of cork In the cork he saw cell

wall (plant cell)

Antony van Leeuwenhoek: 1673 (Dutchman)

Father of Microbiology Improve microscope Discovered “Animalcules”

which are microorganisms under the microscope

Matthias Schleiden: 1838 (German)

Study plant with microscopes

Discovered plants made of cells.

Co-founder of modern cell theory (cell basic unit of living things)

Theodor Schwann: 1839 (German)

Co-founder of cell theory

Discovered animals are made of cells

Rudolf Virchow: 1858 (German)

“Every cell originates from an existing cell”

Application of the cell theory to explain the effects of disease in the cell.

Cell structure: Common cell traits:

1) Cell smallest unit capable of performing life function

2) All cells have cell membrane & cytoplasm

3) Cells come in many sizes & shapes (tell function)

From cell to organism: Tissue: group of similar cells working together to do 1 job

Organ: structure made of 2 or more different types of tissues that work together to do job.

Organ system: Group of organs working together to perform certain function.

2 Categories of Cells:1) Prokaryotes:

Cells without Nucleus Unicellular organisms No internal membrane

bound structures Single chromosome (DNA)

called nucleoid Example = E. coli Bacteria

2) Eukaryotes:

Cells with Nucleus Unicellular or

multicellular Have many kinds of

tissue made up of different cell types

Example: Plant & Animal & Protists

Difference between plant and Animal cells:

Plant Cell Animal Cell

Cell wall No cell wall

Chloroplast (chlorophyll)

No chloroplast (chlorophyll)

Vacuole bigger Vacuole smaller

Cell Partshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zafJKbMPA8 cell organelle rap song

Cell Wall:

This ridged structure made of cellulose surrounds a plant cell membrane & supports and protects it.

Like a door lets some things in & out and not others

Cell Membrane: A selectively permeable outer boundary of

the cell that controls what enters and leaves.

protective layer around ALL cells Inside cell wall (if cell has one)

Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance inside the cell membrane.

Most cell life processes happen here

Organelles:

In cytoplasm Structures in cell that carry out specific jobs.

Like the machines in a factory

Nucleus: Directs all cell activities The brains of cell Contains instructions

(DNA) for everything cell does

Chromosomes:Strands of DNA found in the

nucleus.Blueprint or instructions for what

product cell is producing

RNA: Foreman or Boss carries out

instructions on blueprints.

Chloroplast: It’s job is to trap

sunlight & change it into sugar.

Only in plant cells

Mitochondria:

The Power House of the cell. It’s job is to break down food

molecules and release energy.

Ribosomes:

It’s job is to make protein. Worker bees of cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): It’s job is to move materials around WITHIN the cell.

Series of folded membranes

2 types of ER:

1) Rough ER: has ribosomes attached

2) Smooth ER: no ribosomes attached

Golgi Body (Apparatus): It’s job is to package and move protein to

the OUTSIDE of the cell. Stacked flat membrane

Vesicles:

The Package protein is in

small, membrane-bound spheres whose contents are isolated from the surrounding cytoplasm

Vacuoles: Storage area in cell for water

and food. Plant cell vacuole much

larger than animal.

Lysosome: This organelle contains chemicals to digest cell

waste and worn out cell parts.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKEaTt9heNM6 minute animation of cell and organelles

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g4L_QO4WKtMGuy talking cell as factory very good