Chapter 2:

PerceptionThe process by which we make sense out of

experiences

The perception process is impacted by many variables such as:

RaceGenderCultureAgePast Experiences

These variables can result in perceptual errors.

Let’s take a look…

Perceptual SetsPast experiences make us more likely to

perceive something in a particular way.

The Perception Process: Three Parts

Step #1: SelectionObvious stimuli has a greater impact

IntenseRepetitiousContrastive Motives (stimuli which is most important to

you)

Step #2: Organization Differences in the perceptual process also

occur due to the way each person organizes stimuli.

Figure Ground PrincipleThe part we focus on is called the figure.The remaining stimuli make up the ground.

Step #3: Analyzing and DefiningNarratives

We all create life stories based on past experiences

Defining eventsWe use these stories to form a framework for how

we define or attach meaning to each new specific event.

InteractionWe gain reinforcement from others to solidify or

uphold these meanings.

Other Problematic Perceptual Tendencies

Self-serving bias= judge others more harshly than ourselves

First ImpressionsNegative BiasStereotypingRelational Satisfaction

Halo vs Horn Effect

Perception Checking A three step process which enables us to take

on the viewpoint of another person.1. Describe the behavior of the other person2. Develop at least two possible

interpretations (Cognitive Complexity)3. Request clarification from the other person

on how to interpret the behavior.

Example1. When you turned down my request for a

date (behavior), 2. I wasn’t sure if you did not want to go out

(interpretation) or if you were just busy (2nd interpretation),

3. how do you feel about going out? (clarification>

Let’s Go to the Movies

Bonus Features:

Remember the Titans (PG)Mean Girls (PG-13)

Crash (R)