a Mary goes to a flea market. h b j ? t \

1 % 7 l ] - : Mearii

TA3*tt, r h i a L \ ( h - r ~ h ~ , Sumimasen. Kore wa ikura desu ka.

2 : qjfita LL~FALLT~- , Mise no hito Sore wa sanzen en desu. #I A 'I r b

3 % ~ j - : f ~ i t r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , c :'.(. bj, ha z u ~ \ t a L \ { c; ~ j - - h > , Mearii Takai desu ne. Jaa, ano tokee wa ikura desu ka.

4 A*a)'CTZ :': &&l2 3Ae t tL * th < ;2hTT, Mise no hito Are wa sanzengohyaku en desu. &3 A '1 1 ,

5 %7")-: k 3 TTh., &$LS f < h . ~ \ T $ & , Mearii Soo desu ka. Are rno takai desu ne.

6 a*GT)p?f : * ~ ~ & T ~ ~ P 2 h T T k o Mise no hito Kore wa senhappyaku en desu yo. * & ' I t >

7 % 7 l ] - : EP&, + c 3 Z I j t \ 2 ( t : 3 b ~ ~ Mearii Jaa, sono tokee o kudasai.

A man finds

8 Lh2L't.W Shiranai hito & & ' l i h

9 % T i ) - : Mearii

wallet on t h e ground.

r b t d -f:ihcr, 3c\,iaTT Kore wa dare no saifu desu ka.

b?zLG3 $ ~ \ ~ i a T - j - ~ Watashi no saifu dew.

a&> !I h" 3 Z 2 " ~ * ~ \ & -j-, Arigatoo gozai masu.

@ After shopping, Mary goes to a restaurant. i L L Z f z - ? 8 1 1 ~ ~ 3

I 5 ' ~ - b k X : ~ \ ( , q L + L \ ~ - @ ~ % = Z L - ~ Z"-j Fo Ueetoresu I rasshaimase. Menyuu o doozo.

2 3

4

5

6

7

8

W o r d s T h a t * r#t * .ih * a%jh * Y h

Z a * %!a *

z-0 * ibf t

Y r * 7't'r$z F o o d * ~ . L \ L L \

P o i n t ko re

sore

are

dore kono sono

a no

dono aso ko doko

dare

oishii sakana

tonkatsu niku

menyuu yasai

enpitsu kasa

kaban kutsu saif u jiinzu jisho jitensha shinbun teepu tokee toreenaa

this one that one that one (over there) which one this . . . that . . . that . . . (over these) which . . . over there where who

delicious fish pork cutlet meat menu

vegetable

pencil. umbrella bag shoes wallet jeans dictionary bicycle newspaper

tape watch; clack sweat shirt

* Words that appear in the dialogue C

nooto

Pen booshi

hon

notebook pen hat; cap book

P l a c e s otearai kissaten gin koo toshokan yuubinkyoku

restroom cafe bank library post office

C o u n f r i e s Ameri ka Igirisu Kankoku Chuugoku

U.S.A. Britain Korea China

keezai economics konpyuutaa computer bijinesu business rekishi history

okaasan mother father otoosan

M o n e y M a f t e r s * L\( 1; i kura how much

. . . yen

expensive . . . en

takai

E x p r e s s i o n s * L \ & - L + L \ ~ * irasshaimase Welcome (to our store) * (- & ) -j- ( . . . 0) onegaishimasu. . . , please. * ( -2 ) < f

What do we do when we want to talk about things that we do not know the names of? We say "this thing," "that one," and so forth- In Japanese, we use kwe, sore, and are.

t &la L X ( b-c$-hS, Kore wa ikura desu ka.

5Aeh2&T$, Sore w a sanzen en desu.

Haw much is this?

T h t ~ 3,000 yen.

Kore refers to a thing that is close to you, the speaker ("this thing here"). Sore is something that is close to the person you are talking to ("that thing in front of you"), and are refers to a thing that is neither close to the speaker nor the listener ("that one over there").

-: x. &+Ltd kJ7L;LQl +=/TTD Are wa watashi no pen desu.

* A ZjklA b k t a ~ 7 T j - , Kore wa watashi no pen dew.

+h12 b t z L@ K ~ T T , Sore wa watashi no pen desu.

There is also an expression dore for "which." Here we wiIl learn to use dore in sentences like:

rs"ktT-j-&~, Dore desu ka.

Which one is it (that you are talking about)?

In this lesson, we will not explore the full extent to which the word dore can be put to use, because there is a slight complication with question words like dore, Question words like dwe and mni cannot be followed by the particle wa. Instead, you must use the particle ga and say:

-i L Z*&hz & Q f = c ? ~ *>feTh', ~ o r e g a anata no pen desu ka.

Which m e is yoiw pen?

If you want ta be slightly more specific than kore, sore, and are, you can use kmo, smo, and a m together with a n m . (Note here that the re series must always stand alone, while the m series must always be folbwed by a noun.) Thus, if you know that the item in your hand is a watch Ctokee), instead of:

Zt-lAd ~ k < h T T & - o Kore wa ikura desu ka.

you can say:

Z 9 Z & f W 2 L \ ( hT- j -&~o Kona tokee wa ikura desu ka.

How much jS this?

HOW much is this watch?

Similarly, if you are talking about a watch that is held by the person you are talking to, you can say:

+ a r t-$~lta ; x / - t ~ . ~ x / ; ? _ ~ ~ ~ - j - ~ Sono toke wa sanzen en desu.

That watch is 3,000 yen-

And if the watch is far from both the speaker and the listener, you can say:

& ~ r ) Z d ; f ~ \ 1 3 3&-85Lz*lP+ ( RLTT, Ano tokee wa sanzengohyaku en desu.

That watch over there is 3,500 y m .

If you already know that one of several watches is 3,500 yen but do not know which, you can say:

z*9rc3~\6~ ~ h ~ ~ / t + v + ( ; ? - ~ / - r ~ f i ~ , w ~ ~ ~ w u ~ c ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u o Y ~ v E ~ Dono tokee ga sanzengohyaku en desu ka.

Since dono is a question word, just like dore discussed above, we cannot use the particle wa with it; we must use ga.

To summarize:

zf i (fa--> Z@ noun (Ig--) close to the person speaking 33% (kt-) 503 noun (la--) close to the person listening

(13~) 603 noun (I$--) far from both people (f j ;-) noun (fi5--) unknown

In Lesson 1, we learned how to say things like Mean? san no denwa bangoo (Mary's phone number) and Takeshi san no okaasa~ (Takeshi's mother). We now learn how to ask who something belongs to. The question word for "who" is dare, and for "whose," we simply add the particle no.

z$%ta iPr'#Ln h*t%t lTThao Kore wa dare no kaban desu ka. Whose bag i s this?

+&la Z s r L o $ * I f A t f , Sore wa Suu san no kaban desu. That is Sue's bag.

We: will learn just one more ko-so-a-do set in this lessan: koko, soku, u s o h , and doko are words for places.

7 - LL here, near w.w ?EZ fhere, mar you $;kZ over there EZ where

You can ask far direti~rms by saying:

TkS,2*A, Ljp?ilF'A,41 ( I 3 Z * Z T T - ~ > ~ Surnirnasen, yuubinkyoku wa doko desu ka.

E x m e me, where is fhe post office?

If you are close by, you can point toword the post office and say:

(@jZP*h$a { (3) &%tTT, (Yuubinkyoku wa) asoko desu.

(The post office 5,) right over there.

We will learn how to give more specific directions in Lesson 4.

In Lesson I, we learned how to say "Item A is this, item B is that." We now learn how to say "Item A is this, and item B is this, too."

f= CT L 2 u a it tzx/c~,-c+"p, Takeshi san wa nihonjin desu.

& % r s A % i=~3ArLT- f0 Michiko san m r nihonjin desu.

Takahi is a Japanese person.

Mkhiko is Japanese, &.

Note that these two sentences are almost identical in shape- This is natural, as they both claim that a certain person is Japanese. The second sentence, however, is different from the first in that we do not find the particle wa in it. We have mo instead. Mo is a particle that indicates that that item, too, has the given property. One thing that you should watch out for is exactly where the particle is placed. In English, the word "too" can be placed after the sentence as a whole, as in the example above. Not so in Japanese. In the above example, mo must directly follow Michiko san.

-.---. 3

.-----

. ,

! A [ ( TF, . a 8 r 8 s 8 .

A is X. i B i [ x i ?To , . - . m ..-..A . - - - - *

B M i s X . + 4'

two items shared property'

To negate a statement of the farm X wa Y desa, where Y is a noun, you replace h a & 2

with ja apdmsn.

Ji33E3Sttd hP( i t~ \ t "+&93- tS-ho l k & Y a m d a i s ~ o f a s t d ~ n f . Yamada san w a gakusee ja arimasen.

'We cannot use nao to describe a situation like the folIowing: Our friehd, Pat, has dud citizenship: Pat is a Japanese, but at the same -time, she is an Americart To describe the second half of this situation, we cannot say, P ~ t t o m ~ m & a j k desas, because the sentence would mean that Pat, in addition to sdmebady that has been mentioned, is an American- Neither cari we say, Pcaifu wza d a i b z m dem. (Japanese speakers would say, Patto ma amdajivt dma nrkwases.) 'In the dialogues, there are two sentences that end with d m , which call for special attention: Are m tdad dmtl we (That one too is expensive), and Oishii desas yo (It is delicious). These sentences cannot be negated by replacing d m with ja a n h s e ~ , because taka%' and okhii are not nouns. Are n%o takai ju ~~nwbpett and oiskii ja a d m are therefore not grammatical. Instead, m e would have to say f ~ k a k a r i m m and uishikzr a?+mmm. We will learn about the conjugation pattern of adjectives in Lesson 5.

Ja in ja arimase~ is a contraction of dewa. In written Japanese, the uncontracted form is more common; thus, the above sentence more likely appears in writing as Yamada sari wa gakusee dewa arimasex.

affirmative: ( X I$) Y FTo X & Y. negative: (X 12) Y 6 + 8 9 %ePvQ X i~ isnot Y.

Statements often end with the tags ne or yo, depending on the way fhe speaker views the interaction with the listener. If the speaker is seeking the listener's confirmation or agreement to what has been said, then ~zs ("right?") could be added.

7 r b ')-$&a - t kh%h&3 ,i:X/hs( TTita, Ms.Lee,yourmaj~risliterature,~ght? Rii san no senmon wa bungaku desu ne.

sh13 i - { L'*&;&, 3a*x/h, Kore wa niku ja arimasen ne.

This is mt meat, is it?

Another particle, yo ("I tell you"), is added to a statement if the speaker wants to assure the listener of what has been said. With yo added, a statement becomes an authoritative decree.

Z h h > - l a S753QCeh!J 3 W d 0 Tonkatsu wa sakana ja arimasen yo. Let me assare you. "Tozkatsu" is not faSkt. f k f i > F ' l T xrx;cshta .~T-~JZLLT-~-.L, Surnisu san wa igirisujin desu yo. (In case you're wondering,) Mr. Smith is Brifish.

E x p r e s s i o n N O * . $ @ ) u.&S IfA,

(-&)

@$3I; (Numbers)

I 100 ?Ye < hyaku

200 t:v.i-. < nihyaku

sanbyaku

400 1 kV+ < yonhyaku

500 L*V r. < gohyaku

rappyaku

700 QQV+ { nanahyaku

happyaku

600 3 ~ ~ 5 V . t . { kyuuhyaku

sen

c=*X, nisen

G < * A rokusen

QQ*#4, nanasen

10,000 tL ichiman

20,000 4x3 A n i man

30,000 3 / t 3 / L sanman

40,000 k k 2 & yon rn an

50,000 Z*3. A goman

60,000 6 < rokuman

70,000 Q Q 3 A nanaman

80,000 C;;S2;3 k hachiman

w o a o 3 @ 5 2 kyuuman

A. Read the following numbers. @

B. Look at the pictures and answer how much the things are. =-..

Example: Q : L l ( bT-$-$xo Pen wa ikura desu ka.

Hachijuu en desu.

- X,

Ex. 2

C. Pair Work-One of you looks at picture A and the other looks at picture B (p. 50). (Don't look at the other picture.) Find out the price of all items. Example: A : R /I, V07 Cd L < & TT &',

Enpitsu wa ikura desu ka.

I3 : ve < 2&T3-0 Hyaku en desu.

Picture A

A. Items (1) through (6) are near you, and items (7) through (12) are near your friend. Your friend asks what these things are. Answer the questions. Pay attention to Z h (kore) and %h (sore). @ Example 1: Your friend : Q AT-j-$k,

Sore wa nan desu ka. :^ x.

You : Z -esTT, Kore wa pen desu.

Example 2: Your friend : : )z (3 3 /Y Tf Kore w a nan desu ka.

Z l r 2 Q A You: PL-j--T--$o

Sore wa toreenaa desu.

6. Look at the picture and tell what each building is. @ Example: Q : X/Tj*a,

Are wa nan desu ka.

A : A h t A Z L a h*h 'T$ , Are wa toshokan desu.

Ex.

C. Pair Work-Point out five things in the classroom and ask your partner what they are using Lfi (kore), 5;tz (sore), or &fi (are). Refer to the picture on p. 53 for the vocabulary.

Example 1:

A : & h i 3 QLT-j-fia, Are wa nan desu ka.

B : Z i f ~ \ T - " p , Are wa tokee desu.

Example 2:

A : + j h . t l QXIT-f*~, Sore wa nan desu ka.

% 6 B : t w a ~x=j-,

Kore wa pen desu.

D. Pair Work-One of you looks at card A and the other looks at card B (p. 51). Ask and answer questions to find out the price of each item. Use ZC5, (kono), tcD (sono), or (ano) appropriately. Example: Customer : L a &a k ti L ( L; TT h x ,

Kono hon wa ikura desu ka.

Store attendant : i=+?ttVe < z AT?, Nisen hyaku en desu.

Card A

Part I. You are a store attendant. Tell Part 11. You are a customer. Ask for the the customer how much each item is. prices 'of items (1)-(5).

Pair Work-Point at each item below (picture A) and ask whose it is. Your partner will refer to the picture B (p. 52) and tell you who it belongs to.

Example: A : Z kz 43 fsfi c3 hx ti. TT&., Kore wa dare no kasa desu ka. n h l i b

B : $7 '1-$A@ ha5TT, Mearii san no kasa desu.

Picture A

Switch roles with your partner.

@B%ft";shr% tjRIZhrl;hPf Look at the pictures below and describe each picture. @

Example:

S Z i S h t A G113X/t'h/T% Otoosan wa nihonjin desu. S h * & 3 h S i ~ ~ 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 Okaasan mo nihonjin desu.

Ex. Japanese Father Mother

(1) second year Mary Tanaka

(4) z Gf L \ tokee

(5) vegetable

(3) 22-years old Takeshi Robert

(6) U. of London students

A. Look at the chart on the next page and answer t h e questions. @ a h & ? c r

ExampIe: Q : 9 7 1 1 - $ A t 3 1~13X,cX/ -p$ -$a , Mearii san wa nihonjin desu ka.

& a h 1 r ) . A 2 . C - i S X . C / Y L ' p & q a * ~ o p$I,fic/&T-j-,

lie, nihonjin ja arimasen. Amerikajin desu.

1. Ak-? t 9ht3 -f;@ i :+C L'hCTh*, Takeshi san wa chuugokujin desu ka. 4 IZ B t: & & ' I d .

2. Dl

r h h 1 L 1 & & E X . 7. 9 7 1) - 5 x/ta n 2 F =/~"Tlrf-lr*,

Mearii san wa Rondon daigaku no gakusee desu ka.

8. i?= Cj L 3 AE3 t z iQk*~ \c i l " *k~ , Takeshi san wa ninensee desu ka. -f i

9. 2 - 3 xlta L ~ ~ ; & A + ? L \ T T & ~ ~ Suu san w a ichinensee desu ka. 5 E h Y

10. a/ B : 22, ')-SLa ~ L \ L S T - $ - ~

Ee, Rii san no saifu desu.

Tozai Univ.

history

4th year

Seoul Univ.

computer

3rd year

U. of London

business

Tozai Univ. (Japanese teacher)

4th year

* & 9 b b

97')- Mearii

a j z Yoo ko

@ b &a@ #"Lh 1/ @ 3 (Review Exercises) A. Role Play-One student is a store attendant. The other is a customer. Use

Dialogue I as a model.

B. Role Play-One student is a waiter/waitress. The other student goes to a restaurant. Look at the menu below and order some food or drink, using Dialogue II as a model.

Pair work @ C. Example: A : 2 XlV9 tA t: ( l; T T h a ,

Enpitsu wa ikura desu ka.

Hyaku en desu.

Pair Work @ D. Example: Customer : z 13 63 l\ ( 6 TT f i x o

Kono hon wa ikura desu ka.

Store attendant : C=+X/iY+ ( Z hTT, Nisen hyaku en desu.

Card B

I Ex. (3)

Part I. You are a customer. Ask for the price of items (1)-(5).

Part 11. You are a store attendant. TeIl the customer how much each item is.

Pair Work @) Example: A : LkLba fs#'L@ h'sTTi3',

Kore wa dare no kasa desu ka. K l & ' l t >

6 : %7'1-3/La &+TTo Mearii san no kasa desu.

Picture B

-f 5 2- Suu Takeshi Mearii Robaato Yamashita sensee

I l n t h e C l a s s r o o m

Useful Expressions b15.3 3 I# k, I understand. /I understood. Wakarimashita.

&?$%!I a%&, I don't understand./I don't know. Wakarimasen.

@=I ( rJ b h 7 - C ( ~ S S L ~ ~ Please speak slowly. Yukkuri itte kudasai.

& 9 ~6 Z* L ~ I f { f2-3 L L ~ Please say it again. Moo ichido jtte kudasai.

I

G 1 7 Z 3 7 T ( ? S 3 h l Please wait. Chotto matte kudasai.

?-ba$g% Making a Date

a Mary and Takeshi are talking.

@ On Sunday morning, at Mary's host family's.