Chapter 1_Introdction & Structure

7/23/2019 Chapter 1_Introdction & Structure

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1introdction-structure 1/18

Vocational crash course on

“C with introduction to embedded C

• Course instructor :

Prof. Kumar Anand Singh

(Asst. Professor, EC, MEFGI)

• Course assistances:

Prof. Hetal Dave

(Asst. Professor, EC, MEFGI)

Mr. Saumil Vora

(Student, PG-VLSI, 1st year)



Time table chart

S.No. Topic Date Total Hours

TH (hrs.) PR(hrs.)

1. Introduction & Basic Structure 2 1

2. C Fundamentals 4 2

3. I/O Functions 2 1

4. Control statements 4 2

5. Arrays 4 2

6. String handling function 2 1

7. Functions 2 1

8. Structure & Unions 4 2

9. Pointers 4 2

10. Dynamic Memory Allocation 2 1

11. File handling 2 1

12. General Interview Questions 4 2

13. Introduction to Embedded C 4 2

TOTAL (12 days,10th Dec 2014 to 23rd Dec 2014) 40 20



CDesigned & WrittenBy

Dennis Ritchie

Reliable & Simple to useBasic Language

Procedural & StructuralProgramming

Used in Operating system&

Device driver programmin

Structure, Union &Exceptional handling are

Its characteristics

Faster & work in limitedmemory



Alphabets, Digits & Special Symbol

Constants, Variables & Keywords

Instructions

Writing Program



AlphabetsA to Z

a to z

Digits

0 to 9

Special Symbol All the other symbolsIn you keyboard

~ ` ! @ # $ % ^ & *( ) _ - + = { } [ ] \| ; ‘ : “ , . / < > ?



CConstants

Primary Secondary

• Integer• Real• Character

• Array• Pointer• Structure• Union• Enum

Variables

•

It is an entity which variesduring program execution.• It denotes the name of

memory location.• Types

• Integer•

Real• Character

• Particular type of variablecan hold same type ofconstants.

C Keywords

• Inbuilt variables with specificmeaning.

• Also known as “ReservedWords”



Must Have

One digit.The allowable range forinteger constants is -32768 to 32767.

Constant is an Entity that doesn’t changeInteger Constants

Must Not Have

decimal point.commas or blanks.

Must Have

One digit.Decimal PointThe allowable range forReal constants is 4 timesmore than Integer

Real/Floating Constants

Must Not Have

commas or blanks.

Must Have

Single character, digit or SymbolMaximum length is 1

Character Constants

Must Not Have

Multiple characterDecimal point



Words whose meaning has already been explained to the C compilerKeywords

Cannot be used as variable name.



Basic C Program

Content :

1. C Basic program with output & explanation

2. Steps to write C Program

3. Creation, Compilation & Execution

4. Basic Structure of C Program



Some Basic Commands :

S.No Command Explanation

1. #include <stdio.h>

This is a preprocessor command that

includes standard input output headerfile(stdio.h) from the C library beforecompiling a C program

2. int main()Main Modular function where execution ofany C Program begins

3. { Beginning of the main function

4. /* comments */ Wont be compiled by compiler

5.printf(“Hello_World!

“);Prints the information under “ “.

6. getch(); Waits for any character input from keyboard

7. return 0; It returns 0(Integer) to compiler



My First Program

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

/* Our first simple C basic program */

printf(“Hello World! “);

getch();

return 0;

}

This is a preprocessorcommand that includesstandard input outputheader file(stdio.h) from

the C library beforecompiling a C program

Main Modular Function

Wont be compiled

By compiler (hidden)

Prints the informationIn between “ “

Wait’s for theCharacter input



Create

Compile

Execute or Run

Get the output

And for Successful Compilation

Think & Write on Paper before Create

Perform Dry Run then Compile

Give proper inputs forgetting desired output

Execute or Run

Debug



Documentation section

Link Section

Definition Section

Global declaration

Function prototypedeclaration

Main function

User defined function

/* Author : Kumar Anand Singh */

#include <stdio.h> /* Link section */

int total = 0; /* Global declaration and definition section */

int sum (int, int); /* Function declaration section */

int main () /* Main function */

{

printf (“This is a C basic program \n”);total = sum (1, 1);printf (“Sum of two numbers : %d \n”, total);return 0;}

int sum (int a, int b) /* User defined function */ { /* definition section */

return a + b;

}



Mostly used Inbuilt Functions Under stdio.h

fprintf Formatted File Write

fscanf Formatted File Read

printf Formatted Write

scanf Formatted Read

fclose Close File

fopen Open File

remove Remove Filerename Rename File

getc Read Characters from File

getchar Read Character

gets Read String

putc Write Character to File

putchar Write Character

puts Write String



Mostly used Inbuilt Functions Under conio.h

Function Description

clrscr() This function is used to clear the output screen.

getch() It reads character from keyboard

getche()It reads character from keyboard and echoes to o/p

screen

textcolor() This function is used to change the text color

textbackground()

This function is used to change text background



Don’t use any functionBefore any initialization

Size of memory isallocated at Run Time



/* Program to Get “String, Integer Character” using printf() &Scanf() function under stdio.h */

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>

int main()

{

int i;

char ch1,ch2;

char str1[20],str2[20];

clrscr();

printf(“Enter String Integer & character\t “);

scanf(“%s %d %c ”,str1,&i,&ch1);

getch();

return(0);

}

Int is a data type which stores 2 byte of Data1 = 28, 2 = 216 = 65536 ⇒ −32768 ≤ ≤ 32767

Char is a data type which stores 1 byte of Data

Stores 19 different characters where 20th character is NULL ɸ

&(ampersand) represent address of variableString self represent address so it doesn’t requiresthis assignment. str==&str[0]



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Chapter 1_Introdction & Structure