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CHAPTER 1E• Interactions of Living Things
Everything is Connected…..
• ALL Living things are connected somehow
• Ecology – the study of how they are connected
2 Parts of an Environment…..
• Biotic – Living parts (other organisms)
• Abiotic – Non-living parts (air, water, space, man-made objects)
Organization in the Environment
• Population – made up of a group of organisms of the
same species living in the same area
• Community – made up of all the populations living in
the same area
• Ecosystems – made up of a community and the ABIOTIC factors in
that community
• Biosphere – Part of the Earth where life exists
Living Things Need Energy…..
• Producers – Organisms that use sunlight to make their own food
(photosynthesis)
• Consumer – An organism that eats another organism
3 Types…..
• Herbivore – eats only plants (grasshoppers, prairie dogs, and bison)
• Carnivore – eats only meat (coyotes, hawks, badgers, owls)
• Omnivores – eats both plants and meat (grasshopper mouse)
• Scavengers are omnivores that eat dead plants and dead
animals (turkey vulture)
Decomposers…..
• Organisms that get their energy by eating dead organisms (bacteria and fungus)
Food Chains and Food Webs
• Food chain – shows how energy flows from one organism to another
• Food Web – diagram that shows the feeding relationships between
organisms
Energy Pyramid
• A diagram that shows an ecosystems loss of energy
Balance in an Ecosystem
• Gray Wolves……GOOD or BAD ?
Types of Interactions…..
• Limiting Factors – controls the size of a population in a given Ecosystem.
– Food
– Water
– Air
– space
• Carrying Capacity – The largest population that an environment
can hold.
Interactions Between Organisms
• 1. Competition
• 2. Predator and Prey
• 3. Symbiosis
• 4. Coevolution
Competition
• When two or more organisms try to use the same resource
– Food
– Water
– Space
Predator and Prey
• Predator – eats prey
• Prey – gets eaten
Symbiosis
• Two species live together in a long-term relationship
• Both benefit
• One benefit and one unaffected
• One benefit and one harmed (die)
• Mutualism – Both organisms benefit
• Commensalism – One organism benefits and one is unaffected
• Parasitism – One organism benefits and one is harmed
Coevolution
• Relationships that change over time so both organism can survive.
• Ant and Acacia tree