Chapter 19: The Growth of Industry, 1865-1914 - Your … American Journey/chap19.pdf · tured goods from factories to markets and trans-ported produce from farming areas to the cities

The Growth of Industry

1865ndash1914Why It Matters

Innovations in technology and new business combinations helped the United Statesdevelop into a great industrial power By the year 1900 United States industrial

production was the greatest in the world

The Impact TodayInnovations in technology and economics have transformed national and regional

economies into a global economy Developments in transportation and communica-tions have made international trade an economic driving force in todayrsquos world

The American Journey Video The chapter 19 video ldquoThe Builders of OurRailroadsrdquo examines the life and hardships that immigrants faced as workers on the railroads

1867bull Canada becomes

self-governing dominion

A Johnson1865ndash1869

1879bull Edison invents

electric light

1860 1870 1880

Grant1869ndash1877

Hayes1877ndash1881

Garfield1881

Arthur1881ndash1885

1876bull Bell patents

the telephone

1886bull Trade unions

form AFL

CHAPTER 19 The Growth of Industry

1869bull First transcontinental

railroad completed

1870bull Rockefeller organizes

Standard Oil Company

43990273

1896bull Fordrsquos first

auto built

1908bull Ford introduces

Model T

1895bull Marconi sends first radio signals

bull Lumiegravere brothers introducemotion pictures

1901bull Australia becomes

self-governingdominion

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 19mdashChapter Overviews to pre-view chapter information

The Ironworkersrsquo Noontime by Thomas Pollock Anshutz Factoryworkers in Wheeling West Virginia take their noontime break

1890 1900

Cleveland1885ndash1889

B Harrison1889ndash1893

McKinley1897ndash1901

Roosevelt1901ndash1909

1890bull Sherman Antitrust

Act passed

1903bull Wright brothers

fly first motorizedairplane

1907bull New Zealand becomes

Inventions

Step 1 Fold two sheets of paper in half from topto bottom Cut the papers in half along the folds

Identifying Main Ideas Study Foldable Makethis foldable to describe the growth of industryin the United States in the late 1800s

Reading and Writing As you read write whatyou learn about the developments of industryunder each appropriate tab

Step 2 Fold each of the four papers in half fromtop to bottom

Step 3 On each folded paper make a cut1 inch from the side on the top flap

Step 4 Place the folded papers one on top of theother Staple the four sections together and labeleach of the tabs Railroads Inventions BigBusiness and Industrial Workers

Cut alongthe foldlines

Staple here

Cut 1 inch fromthe edge throughthe top flap only

Railroads

1869First transcontinentalrailroad completed

1880sStandard width for railroad tracks adopted

1883Northern PacificRailroad opens

1890sFive railway linescross the country

Main IdeaA growing transportation networkspread people products and infor-mation across the nation

Key Termsconsolidation standard gaugerebate pool

Reading StrategyAnalyzing Information As you readthe section complete a diagram likethe one shown by describing the contributions of the railroad to thegrowth of industry

Read to Learnbull how the railroad barons made

huge fortunesbull how the national railroad system

changed the American economy

Section ThemeGeography and History As the rail-roads expanded the centers of someindustries shifted

Railroads Lead the Way

Rugged construction gangs labored on the Union Pacific and other railways duringthe transportation boom of the late 1800s The chorus of a favorite song told of thehard work of the tarriers or drillers

556 CHAPTER 19 The Growth of Industry

The role of the railroad

And drill ye tarriers drillDrill ye tarriers drillFor itrsquos work all day for sugar in

your tay

Down behind of the railway andDrill ye tarriers drillAnd blastAnd fire

Railroad ExpansionDuring the Civil War trains carried troops weapons and supplies to the front

The superior railroad system of the North played an important role in its victoryover the South In the decades after the war railroads became a driving forcebehind Americarsquos economic growth The first transcontinental railroad com-pleted in 1869 was soon followed by others By the 1890s five railway linescrossed the country and hundreds of smaller lines branched off from them The

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

Train song sheet

6854571

557CHAPTER 19 The Growth of Industry

railroad system grew rapidly In 1860 the UnitedStates had about 30000 miles (48270 km) of rail-road track By 1900 the nation had nearly 250000miles (402250 km) of track

Work songs such as ldquoJohn Henryrdquo and ldquoIrsquoveBeen Working on the Railroadrdquo were popularamong those who labored to build these miles oftrack They sang

ldquoIrsquove been working on the railroadAll the live-long dayIve been working on the railroadJust to pass the time awayrdquo

The expansion of the railroad system wasaccompanied by consolidationmdashthe practice ofcombining separate companiesmdashin the industryLarge railroad companies expanded by buyingsmaller companies or by driving them out ofbusiness Consolidation made the large compa-nies more efficient After consolidation a fewpowerful individuals known as railroad baronscontrolled the nationrsquos rail traffic

Railroad BaronsNew Yorker Cornelius Vanderbilt one of the

first railroad barons gained control of the NewYork Central line and then made a fortune by con-solidating several companies His railroad empirestretched from New York City to the Great Lakes

Another railroad baron James J Hill builtthe Great Northern line between Minnesotaand Washington State Until his death in 1916Hill continued building and directing his ever-growing business empire Collis P HuntingtonLeland Stanford and two other partnersfounded the Central Pacific which connectedCalifornia and Utah

The railroad barons were aggressive andcompetitive They lived in an age when fewlaws had been passed to regulate business andsome of their methods were highly question-able Nevertheless the railroad barons playedan important part in building the nationrsquostransportation system

Analyzing What did consolidationmean for many small companies

Economics

Railroads Stimulate the Economy

The fast-growing national rail system creatednew economic links in the country The railroadscarried raw materials such as iron ore coal andtimber to factories They also carried manufac-tured goods from factories to markets and trans-ported produce from farming areas to the cities

The national railroad system encouraged theexpanding economy in many other ways Atfirst the demand for iron tracks and locomotiveshelped the iron mining and processing indus-tries grow Around 1880 railroad companiesbegan using tracks of steelmdasha metal madestronger by adding carbon and other elementsto refined iron The use of steel in railroad tracksstimulated Americarsquos steel industry

The railroads also helped other industries tothrive The lumber industry which suppliedwood for railway ties and the coal industrywhich provided fuel for locomotives sawextraordinary growth In addition railroad com-panies provided work for thousands of peoplewho laid tracks and built stations and for thosewho manufactured railway cars and equipment

Improving the RailroadsIncreased use made it necessary for railroads

to expand and unify their systems While rail-roads were being built across the country differ-ent lines used rails of different gauges or widthsAs a result trains of one line could not useanother linersquos tracks Many early local lines car-ried goods for short distances and did not even

Railroads employed more workers in the late 1800sthan any other industry In the late 1800s railroadsbecame the nationrsquos largest industry It surpassed all oth-ers as a buyer of iron steel and coal and became thenationrsquos largest employer

21765785

Trains could carry passengers fromNew York City to San Francisco inless than 10 days

By 1883 several railroads crossed the WestThe transcontinentals shipped settlers andgoods there and hauled out raw resources

The refrigerated railroad car in the1870s allowed fresh meat and produceto be transported all over the nation

300 kilometers0Lambert Equal-Area projection

300 miles0

120degW 110degW 90degW

40degN

30degN

TROPIC OF CANCER

Gulf ofMexico

L Huron

L Erie

L Superior

GreatSalt Lake

L Ontario

PaCIFIC

GREAT NORTHERN RR

NORTHERN PACIFIC RR

UNION PACIFIC RRCENTRAL PACIFICRR

ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC RR

SOUTHERN

PACIFIC RR

ATCHISON TOPEKA

AND SANTA FE RR

KANSAS

PACIFIC RR

TENNARK

MONTN DAK

MEXICO

CANADA

NEVUTAHCALIF

ARIZTERR N M E X

T E R R

OKLATERR

M I S S

IND OHIO

Houston

New Orleans

Chicago

StLouis

New YorkCity

KansasCity

Sioux City

Los Angeles

Seattle

Tacoma

Portland

Denver

San Francisco

Cheyenne

Boulder

Silver City

Helena

Bozeman

Virginia

PromontoryPoint

Bismarck

DeadwoodSt Paul

Duluth

ColoradoSprings

Santa Fe

Antonio

Wichita

Abilene

By the 1890s more than 150000 miles (241350 km) of trackshad been laid1 Identifying Which railroad connected Los Angeles to

New Orleans2 Analyzing Information Which railroads would

a traveler use from St Louis to Virginia City

connect with other lines The gaps in servicebetween the various lines made long-distancerailroad travel slow and inefficient

As the railroad companies consolidated rail-road barons saw the advantages of being part ofa national railroad network During the late1880s almost all companies adopted a standardgauge of 4 feet 85 inches as the width of therailroad track A standard gauge allowed fastershipment of goods at a reduced cost It was no

longer necessary to load and unload goods fromone train to another One train could make theentire journey

Railroad TechnologyRailway transportation also improved with

the introduction of new technology Four devel-opments were particularly important InventorGeorge Westinghouse devised air brakes thatimproved the system for stopping trains mak-ing train travel safer Janney car couplersnamed after inventor Eli H Janney made it eas-ier for railroad workers to link cars Refrigeratedcars developed by Gustavus Swift enabled therailroads to ship meat and other perishablegoods over long distances Finally George MPullman developed the Pullman sleeping carmdash

Major Western Railroads before 1900

RailroadsMiningcenters

83904915

a luxury railway car with seats that convertedinto beds for overnight journeys Pullman alsointroduced improved dining cars raising traintravel to a new level of comfort

Competing for CustomersAs the railroad network expanded the rail-

road companies competed fiercely with oneanother to keep old customers and to win newones Large railroads offered secret discountscalled rebates to their biggest customersSmaller railroads that could not match theserebates were often forced out of business Giv-ing discounts to big customers raised freightrates for farmers and other customers whoshipped small amounts of goods

The railroad barons also made secret agree-ments among themselves known as pools Theydivided the railway business among their com-panies and set rates for a region With no othercompetition in its region a railroad could chargehigher rates and earn greater profits AlthoughCongress and some states passed laws to regu-late the railroads these laws did little to curb therailroad barons

Railroads Change AmericaThe growing railroad network paved the way

for American industry to expand into the WestThe center of the flour milling industry for

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Use each of these terms

in a sentence that will help explain itsmeaning consolidation standardgauge rebate pool

2 Reviewing Facts Describe the meth-ods used by railroad barons to drivesmaller companies out of business

Reviewing Themes3 Geography and History How did

the railroads pave the way for theexpansion of industry in the West

Critical Thinking4 Making Inferences Do you think

the federal government should haveintervened to regulate the unfair prac-tices of the railroad barons Why orwhy not

5 Organizing Information Re-createthe diagram below and identify thedevelopments in technology thatimproved railroad transportation

Analyzing Visuals6 Geography Skills Study the map

of the major western railroads thatappears on page 558 Through whatstates did the Great Northern Rail-road pass Through what cities inMontana did railroads pass

CHAPTER 19 The Growth of Industry 559

Art Create an ad with words andpictures to announce the devel-opment of the new Pullman sleeping car

Railroad technology

example shifted westward in the 1800s movingfrom the East Coast to Ohio to Minneapolis andfinally to Kansas City Other industries followedthe same pattern As farmers settled the GreatPlains the manufacturing center for agriculturalequipment moved from central New York Stateto Illinois and Wisconsin

Railroads also touched the lives of thousandsof Americans Trains redistributed the popula-tion They carried homesteaders into the GreatPlains and the West Trains also made it easy forpeople to move from rural areas to the cities

Time ZonesRailroads affected the way Americans

thought about time as well As train travelbecame more common people began measuringdistances by how many hours the trip wouldtake rather than by the number of miles trav-eled The spread of the railroad system led to anational system of time with four time zones

The railroads opened the entire United Statesto settlement and economic growth and unitedthe different regions of the country into a singlenetwork At the same time inventions that rev-olutionized transportation and communicationbrought Americans together in new ways

Explaining Why was adoptingstandard-gauge tracks important for the railroad industry

15391286

Reading a Time Zone Map

Earthrsquos surface is divided into 24 time zones Eachzone represents 15deg longitude or the distance theearth rotates in one hour The 0deg line of longi-tudemdashthe Prime Meridianmdashis the starting pointfor figuring time around the world Traveling westfrom the Prime Meridian it becomes one hourearlier traveling east it becomes one hour laterTo read a time zone map follow these steps

bull Locate a place where you know what time it isand select another place where you wish to knowthe time

bull Notice the time zones you cross between thesetwo places

bull If the second place lies east of the first add anhour for each time zone If it lies west subtractan hour for each zone

Practicing the Skill1 Describe how US time changes as you move

from east to west

2 What US time zone lies farthest west

3 If it is 600 PM in Washington DC what time isit in San Diego California

Applying the SkillReading a Time Zone Map It takes two hoursto fly from Denver Colorado to Chicago Illinois Ifyou leave Denver at 200 AM what time will it bein Chicago when you arrive

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder InteractiveWorkbook CD-ROM Level 1 pro-vides instruction and practice in key socialstudies skills

Social StudiesSocial Studies

1000 kilometers0Mercator projection

1000 miles0

150degW 120degW 90degW 60degW

30degN

60degN

ARCTIC CIRCLE

TROPIC OF CANCER

Hawaii-Aleutian

AlaskaTime

PacificTime

MountainTime

CentralTime

EasternTime

AtlanticTime

New-foundland

100 PM

200 PM 300 PM 400 PM 500 PM 600 PM 700 PM

730 PM

1200 PM

United States Time Zones

9989102

1868Christopher Sholesinvents the typewriter

1876Alexander Belldevelops the telephone

1879Edison develops firstpractical lightbulb

1903The Wright brothersfly at Kitty Hawk

1908Henry Fordintroduces theModel T

In the early 1900s American songwriters were caught up in the public fascinationwith new inventions One of the most popular songs of 1905 ldquoIn My Merry Oldsmobilerdquo celebrated the automobile

Communication ChangesBy 1910 Americans in cities drove cars through streets lit with electric lights

They went to department stores where they bought everything from kitchen sinksto shoes Americans could also do their shopping by mailmdashor pick up the tele-phone and order groceries from the local store The automobile the electric lightand the telephone were all invented after 1870 Within a generation they hadbecome part of everyday life for millions of people New inventions helped peo-ple communicate more quickly over long distances Improvements in communi-cation helped unify the regions of the country and promoted economic growth

Main IdeaInventions improved the transporta-tion and communication networksthat were vital to the nationrsquos indus-trial growth

Key Termsassembly line mass production

Reading StrategyOrganizing Information As you readthe section re-create the diagrambelow to list each personrsquos inventionand to explain the significance of eachinvention to industrial growth

Read to Learnbull what changes in transportation

and communication transformedAmerica

bull how labor-saving inventionsaffected life

Section ThemeScience and Technology New inven-tions promoted economic growth

Inventions

Auto hood ornament

Invention Significance

Samuel Morse

Alexander Bell

Thomas EdisonPreview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1910

ldquoCome away with me LucileIn my merry OldsmobileDown the road of life wersquoll flyAutomobubbling you and I

To the church wersquoll swiftly stealThen our wedding bells will pealYou can go as far as you like In my merry Oldsmobilerdquo

8207644

The TelegraphSamuel Morse had introduced the telegraph in

1844 By 1860 the United States had thousands ofmiles of telegraph lines which were controlledfor the most part by the Western Union Tele-graph Company At telegraph offices trainedoperators transmitted messages in Morse codeTelegrams offered almost instant communicationand had many uses Shopkeepers relied ontelegrams to order goods and reporters usedthem to transmit stories to their newspapersAmericans also began sending personal mes-sages by telegram

The telegraph soon linked the United Statesand Europe In the 1860s news from Europetraveled to this country by ship and took several

weeks Cyrus Field wanted to speed up theprocess After several unsuccessful attempts in1866 Field managed to lay a telegraph cableacross the Atlantic Ocean The new transatlantictelegraph carried messages in a matter of sec-onds bringing the United States and Europecloser together

The Telephone Rings InAlexander Graham Bell invented a device that

revolutionized communications even more thanMorsersquos telegraph Born and educated in Scot-land Bell moved to the United States where hestudied ways of teaching hearing-impaired peo-ple to speak At the same time he experimentedwith sending voices through electrical wires

Firsts in Aviation HistoryIn less than 100 years aviators advanced from makingthe first flight in a glider to breaking the speed of sound

1853Human-carryingflight in a gliderbuilt by Sir GeorgeCayley takes place

1874Steam-poweredmonoplane isbriefly airborne

1903Wright brotherstake flight at KittyHawk

1909Louis Bleacuteriot fliesacross the EnglishChannel

1914Scheduled airline service opens betweenSt Petersburg andTampa Florida

The First Flight at Kitty Hawk

A small crowd of people assembled on the sanddunes at Kitty Hawk North Carolina to test theWrightsrsquo Flyer Covering a few hundred feet in 12 sec-onds the flight came to a halt when the Flyerrsquos wingcaught on one of the dunes It was enough to encour-age the Wrights to try further flights They would soonhave a practical aircraft and the world would have anew form of transportation

The Beginning of ControlledPowered Flight

Inventors experimented with engine-powered aircraft in the 1800s but theage of air travel did not begin until 1903at Kitty Hawk North Carolina Orvilleand Wilbur Wright brothers and bicyclemechanics built a wood-and-canvasplane with a 12-horsepower engine Onthe morning of December 17 OrvilleWright took off in their plane and flew adistance of 120 feet

Space shuttle Discovery 1990

8761411

The Genius of InventionThe late 1800s saw a burst of inventiveness in

the United States Between 1860 and 1890 theUnited States government granted more than400000 patents for new inventions

Many of the inventions helped businessesoperate more efficiently Among these wereChristopher Sholesrsquos typewriter (1868) andWilliam Burroughsrsquos adding machine (1888)

Other inventions affected everyday life In1888 George Eastman invented a small box cameramdashthe Kodakmdashthat made it easier andless costly to take photographs John Thurmandeveloped a vacuum cleaner in 1899 that simpli-fied housework

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

1919First nonstop flight

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

pletes first nonstop

solo transatlantic

flight

1939German Heinkel is

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Bi-wing planeearly 1900s

Chuck Yeager andthe Bell X-1

bull The Flyer was a biplane with a light andpowerful gas engine

bull The Wrights used adjustable rudders tocontrol the aircraft as it turned

bull The two propellers were each 812 feetin diameter

bull The wingspan reached 40 feet 4 inches

bull The distance from the nose to the tailwas 21 feet 1 inch

bull The weight of the craft was 605 pounds

Taking to the Air

By 1876 Bell developed a device that trans-mitted speechmdashthe telephone While Bell waspreparing to test the device he accidentallyspilled some battery acid on his clothes In panicBell called out to his assistant in another roomldquoMr Watson come here I want yourdquo Watsonheard Bellrsquos voice coming through the tele-phone The invention was a success

Bell formed the Bell Telephone Company in1877 By the 1890s he had sold hundreds ofthousands of phones Most early telephone cus-tomers were businesses Before long thoughtelephones became common in homes

Explaining How did the telegraphaffect communication

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

8860671

The Wizard of Menlo ParkThomas Edison was called ldquodullrdquo by his

teachers Because of poor hearing he had troublein school and often didnrsquot attend His motherfinally removed him from school and taughthim at home He loved anything related to sci-ence and she allowed him to set up a chemistrylab in the familyrsquos basement When he was 12he got a job working for the railroad where heset up a new lab in an empty freight car Oneday Edison saved the life of a child who hadfallen onto the tracks of an oncoming train Thechildrsquos father took an interest in Edison andtaught him to use the telegraph Edisonrsquos firstinvention was a gadget that sent automatic tele-graph signalsmdashwhich he invented so he couldsleep on the job

While still in his 20s Edison decided to go intothe ldquoinvention businessrdquo In 1876 Edison set up aworkshop in Menlo Park New Jersey Out of thisfamous laboratory came the phonograph themotion picture projector the telephone transmit-ter and the storage battery But Edisonrsquos mostimportant invention was the electric lightbulb

Edison developed the first workable lightbulbin 1879 He then designed power plants thatcould produce electric power and distribute it tolightbulbs For Christmas in 1880 Edison

used 40 bulbs to light up Menlo Park Visitorsflocked to see the ldquolight of the futurerdquo He builtthe first central electric power plant in 1882 inNew York Citymdashilluminating 85 buildings

Inventor George Westinghouse took ThomasEdisonrsquos work with electricity even further In1885 Westinghouse developed and built trans-formers that could send electric power morecheaply over longer distances Soon electricitypowered factories trolleys streetlights andlamps all over America Westinghouse alsodeveloped a system for transporting natural gasand invented many safety devices

African American InventorsA number of African Americans contributed to

the era of invention Lewis Howard Latimer anengineer developed an improved filament forthe lightbulb and joined Thomas Edisonrsquos com-pany Granville Woods an electrical andmechanical engineer from Ohio patented dozensof inventions Among them were an electric incu-bator and railroad improvements such as an elec-tromagnetic brake and an automatic circuitbreaker Elijah McCoy invented a mechanism foroiling machinery

Jan E Matzeliger another African Americaninventor developed a shoe-making machinethat performed many steps previously done byhand His device which revolutionized the shoeindustry was adopted in shoe factories in theUnited States and overseas

Evaluating Which of Edisonrsquosinventions do you think is the most valuable to our worldExplain your reasoning

A Changing SocietyIn the 1900s improvements ushered in a new

era of transportation After a period of experi-mentation the automobile became a practicalmethod of getting from place to place

Henry Fordrsquos AutomobilesHenry Ford wanted to build an inexpensive

car that would last a lifetime While working asan engineer in Detroit Michigan in the 1890sFord had experimented with an automobile

Thomas Edison

20668536

engine powered by gasoline In 1903 he estab-lished an automaking company and begandesigning cars

In 1906 Ford had an idea for a new type of carHe told Charles Sorenson later Fordrsquos generalsuperintendent ldquoWersquore going to get a car nowthat we can make in great volume and get theprices way downrdquo For the next year Ford andSorenson worked on the Model T building thecar and testing it on rough roads In 1908 Fordintroduced the Model T to the public Sorensondescribed the sturdy black vehicle as

ldquo a car which anyone could afford to buywhich anyone could drive anywhere and whichalmost anyone could keep in repairrdquo

These qualities made the Model T immenselypopular During the next 18 years Fordrsquos com-pany sold 15 million Model Trsquos Henry Ford also pioneered a new less expensive way to manu-facture carsmdashthe assembly line On the assem-bly line each worker performed an assignedtask again and again at a certain stage in the pro-duction of the automobile The assembly line

Changing the Way We Live

Inventions American ingenuity innovation and imagination led to the inventions that changed the way we live and how we communicate

Kodak Camera In 1888George Eastman invented asmall camera that made iteasier and less costly to takephotographs

The Telephone Alexander Graham Belldemonstrated the telephone in 1876The telephone soon became a necessityBy 1900 there were 2 million in use

Lighting the World Lewis Latimer improved onEdisonrsquos version creating a bulb that lasted muchlonger and developed the threaded socket Latimerdirected the installation of electric street lights inNew York City Philadelphia Montreal and London

Phonograph The first practicalphonograph was built byThomas Edison in 1877

7878518

Mostly Mostly Both urban Mostly usedrural use urban use and rural by business

and industry

up to then service wasonly to post offices Bythe 1890s the US PostOffice had expandedits delivery service inrural areas

Merchants could nowsend goods across thecountry nearly as easilyas across town Some firms developed mailorder businesses receiving and shipping ordersby mail Companies such as Montgomery Wardand Sears Roebuck published catalogs thatoffered a wide range of goods from shoes tofarm equipment Catalogs introduced rural fam-ilies to a wide assortment of goods not found incountry stores

Chain storesmdashstores with identical branchesin many placesmdashgrew rapidly FW Wool-worthrsquos chain of ldquofive-and-ten-cent storesrdquo spe-cialized in the sale of everyday household andpersonal items at bargain prices By 1911 morethan a thousand Woolworthrsquos were in operationThe Woolworth Building erected in New YorkCity in 1913 stood 792 feet (241 meters) tallmdashthetallest building in the world at that time

Describing What qualities madethe Model T popular

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Student Web ActivityVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 19mdash

Student Web Activities

for an activity on inven-tions

Science Write a one-page paperdescribing how the inventions men-tioned in this section changed theway Americans viewed the worldDiscuss how these inventions ledto further advances in scientifictheory

revolutionized industry enabling manufactur-ers to produce large quantities of goods morequickly This mass production of goodsdecreased manufacturing costs so productscould be sold more cheaply

Selling GoodsWith factories churning out more and more

products merchants looked for better ways tosell their goods One way was through themail In 1863 mail delivery to homes beganmdash

Checking for Understanding

1 Key Terms Use the terms assembly

line and mass production in a com-plete sentence that explains theirmeaning

2 Reviewing Facts Name and describetwo inventions that changed the way Americans communicated in the 1800s

Reviewing Themes

3 Science and Technology How wastransportation improved during theearly 1900s

Critical Thinking

4 Drawing Conclusions Which inven-tion do you think brought about themost dramatic change in peoplersquoslives Explain

5 Organizing Information Re-createthe diagram below From thedescription of inventions in this section classify each invention in one of the categories

Analyzing Visuals

6 Artifacts Study the photographs ofthe inventions and products thatappear in Section 2 Which haveundergone the greatest change Why do you think this is so

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

104645065

1859Oil discovered inTitusville Pennsylvania

1870Rockefeller organizes theStandard Oil Company

1890Sherman Antitrust Actprohibits monopolies

1900Andrew Carnegie rulesthe steel industry

Main IdeaBusiness growth was driven by theformation of corporations and theambition of their owners

Key Termscorporation stock shareholderdividend horizontal integrationtrust monopoly vertical integra-tion philanthropy merger

Reading StrategyAnalyzing Information As you readthe section re-create the diagrambelow and explain the significance ofeach term to business in the late1800s

Read to Learnbull how new discoveries and inven-

tions helped industries growbull why the development of large cor-

porations brought both benefitsand problems

Section ThemeEconomic Factors Corporationschanged the American economy ofthe late 1800s

An Age of Big Business

John D Rockefeller a young oil man never tired until he got what he wanted Oneperson commented ldquoThe only time I ever saw John Rockefeller enthusiastic was when areport came in that his buyer had secured a cargo of oil at a figure much below themarket price He bounded from his chair with a shout of joy danced up and downhugged me threw up his hat acted so like a madman that I have never forgotten it rdquo

Foundations for GrowthIn the hills of western Pennsylvania a sticky black substancemdashpetroleummdash

seeped from the ground For a while promoters sold the oil as medicine Thenin the 1850s researchers found they could burn petroleum to produce heat andsmoke-free light It could also be used to lubricate machinery Suddenly oilbecame valuable A former railroad conductor named Edwin L Drake believedthat he could find petroleum by digging a well People thought Drake waswrong Few people knew that pools of oil did indeed exist underground

John D Rockefeller

Significance

Shareholders

Stock exchanges

Mergers

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1850 1875 1900

743446

In 1859 Drake decided to test his belief Hedrilled a well in Titusville Pennsylvaniaand struck oil This led to the creation of amultimillion-dollar petroleum industry

Factors of ProductionThe period from the end of the Civil War to

1900 was an era of unmatched economic growthin the United States New methods in technologyand business allowed the country to tap its richsupply of natural resources increase its produc-tion and raise the money needed for growthThe growing transportation system made it eas-ier for merchants to reach distant markets

The change from an agricultural economy toan industrial one was possible because theUnited States had the resources needed for agrowing economy Among these resources werewhat economists call the factors of productionland labor and capital

The first factor of production land means notjust the land itself but all natural resources TheUnited States held a variety of natural resourcesthat were useful for industrial production

The second production factor is labor Largenumbers of workers were needed to turn rawmaterials into goods This need was met by therapid growth of population Between 1860 and1900 the population of the country morethan doubled

The third productionfactor capital is the equip-mentmdashbuildings machin-ery and toolsmdashused inproduction Land and laborare needed to produce capitalgoods These goods in turnare essential for the produc-tion of consumer goods

The term ldquocapitalrdquo is alsoused to mean money for invest-ment Huge amounts of moneywere needed to finance industrialgrowth One source of money wasthe selling of stock by corporationsAnother was corporate savings orbusinesses investing a portion oftheir earnings in better equipment

Raising CapitalWith the economy growing after the Civil

War many railroads and other businesseslooked for ways to expand To do so they had toraise capital They needed capital to buy rawmaterials and equipment to pay workers andto cover shipping and advertising costs

One way a company could raise capital was bybecoming a corporation A corporation is a com-pany that sells shares or stock of its business tothe public The people who invest in the corpora-tion by buying stock are its shareholders or partial owners

In good times shareholders earn dividendsmdashcash payments from the corporationrsquos profitsmdashon the stock they own If the companyprospers its stock rises in value and the share-holders can sell it for a profit If the companyfails however the shareholders lose theirinvestment In the late 1800s hundreds of thou-sands of people shared in corporate profits bybuying and selling stocks in special marketsknown as stock exchanges

Growth of CorporationsRailroads were the first businesses to form

corporations or ldquoincorporaterdquo Soon manufac-turing firms and other busi-nesses were incorporating as well The growth of corpo-rations helped fuel Amer-icarsquos industrial expansion inthe years following theCivil War

Banks played a majorrole in this period of economic growth Busi-nesses borrowed moneyfrom banks to start orexpand their opera-tions The banks inturn made profits onthe loans

Explaining What are dividends

Sign advertising oil

20736461

The Oil BusinessThe oil industry grew rapidly in the late 1800s

Edwin Drakersquos Titusville well produced 15 bar-rels of petroleum a day As word of his successspread prospectors and investors hurried towestern Pennsylvania ldquoOil rushrdquo towns withnames such as Oil City and Petroleum Centersprang up overnight The oil boom expanded asprospectors struck oil in Ohio and West Virginia

John D RockefellerBorn in Richford New York in 1839 John D

Rockefeller made his fortune from oil WhenRockefeller was 26 years old he and four part-ners set up an oil refinerymdasha plant to processoilmdashin Cleveland Ohio

In 1870 Rockefeller organized the StandardOil Company of Ohio and set out to dominatethe oil industry He acquired most of the oilrefineries in Cleveland and other cities

One method Rockefeller used to build hisempire was horizontal integrationmdashcombiningcompeting firms into one corporation The cor-poration produced and used its own tank carspipelines and even its own wooden barrelsmdashmade from forests owned by Standard Oil Stan-dard Oil grew in wealth and power becomingthe most famous corporate empire of the day

The Standard Oil TrustTo strengthen Standard Oilrsquos position in the

oil industry Rockefeller lowered his prices todrive his competitors out of business In addi-tion he pressured customers not to deal withrival oil companies and he persuaded the rail-roads to grant him rebates in exchange for hisbusiness

Rockefeller increased his control of the oilindustry in 1882 by forming a trust a group ofcompanies managed by the same board of direc-tors First he acquired stock in many different oilcompanies Then the shareholders of these com-panies traded their stock for Standard Oil stockwhich paid higher dividends This gave Stan-dard Oilrsquos board of directors ownership of the

B GovernmentA Standard Oil C SuppliersA

Standard Oil was often portrayed as a ldquomonopoly monsterrdquowith its arms reaching out to control government and sup-pliers Why do you think the cartoonist chose anoctopus to represent Standard Oil

Analyzing Political Cartoons

12491503

other companiesrsquo stock and the right to managethose companies Rockefeller had created amonopolymdashalmost total control by a single pro-ducermdashof the oil industry

Explaining What method did Rockefeller use to build his oil empire

The Steel BusinessSteel also became a huge business in the late

1800s Steel is a strong and long-lasting form ofiron treated with carbonmdashthe ideal material forrailroad tracks bridges and many other prod-ucts Before the 1860s however steel was notwidely used because it was expensive to manu-facture The development of new manufacturingtechniques helped to overcome this problem

Steel Industry GrowthTwo new methods of making steelmdashthe

Bessemer process developed by Henry Besse-mer of England and the open-hearth processmdashchanged the industry With the new methodsmills could produce steel at affordable pricesand in large quantities In the 1870s large steelmills emerged close to sources of iron ore in western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio

Pittsburgh Pennsylvania became thesteel capital of the United States Citieslocated near the mines and close towaterways like Cleveland ChicagoDetroit and Birmingham Alabamaalso became centers of steel production

Andrew CarnegieThe leading figure in the early years

of the American steel industry wasAndrew Carnegie son of a Scottishimmigrant Starting as a telegraph oper-ator Carnegie worked his way up tobecome manager of the PennsylvaniaRailroad In 1865 he left that job toinvest in the growing iron industry

Carnegie soon realized that steelwould have an enormous market Afterlearning about the Bessemer process hebuilt a steel plant near Pittsburgh thatused the new process Carnegie named

the plant the J Edgar Thompson Steel Worksafter the president of the Pennsylvania Rail-roadmdashhis biggest customer

Vertical IntegrationBy 1890 Andrew Carnegie dominated the steel

industry His company became powerful throughvertical integration acquiring companies thatprovided the equipment and services he neededCarnegie bought iron and coal mines ware-houses ore ships and railroads to gain control ofall parts of the business of making and sellingsteel When Carnegie combined all his holdingsinto the Carnegie Steel Company in 1900 he wasproducing one-third of the nationrsquos steel

In 1901 Carnegie sold his steel company tobanker J Pierpont Morgan Morgan combinedthe Carnegie company with other businesses toform the United States Steel Corporation theworldrsquos first billion-dollar corporation

PhilanthropistsAndrew Carnegie John D Rockefeller and

other industrial millionaires of the time grewinterested in philanthropymdashthe use of money tobenefit the community The philanthropistsfounded schools universities and other civicinstitutions across the United States

ldquoSuccess can be attainedin any branch of

human labor Thereis always room at

the top in everypursuitrdquo

mdashAndrew Carnegie 1903

19012212

Carnegie donated $350 million to variousorganizations He built Carnegie Hall in NewYork City one of the worldrsquos most famous con-cert halls the Carnegie Foundation for theAdvancement of Teaching and more than 2000libraries worldwide Rockefeller used his for-tune to establish the University of Chicago in1890 and New Yorkrsquos Rockefeller Institute forMedical Research

Corporations Grow LargerIn 1889 New Jersey encouraged the trend

toward business monopolies by allowing hold-ing companies to obtain charters a practice thatsome states prohibited A holding companywould buy controlling interests in the stock ofother companies instead of purchasing the com-panies outright Rockefeller formed StandardOil of New Jersey so that the corporation couldexpand its holdings Other states also passedlaws that made corporate mergersmdashthe combin-ing of companiesmdasheasier

Mergers concentrated economic power in afew giant corporations and a few powerful indi-viduals such as Rockefeller and banker J Pier-pont Morgan By 1900 one-third of all Americanmanufacturing was controlled by just 1 percentof the countryrsquos corporations These giant cor-porations were the driving force behind the

great economic growth of the period but theyalso posed problems On the one hand manyAmericans admired the efficiencies that largebusinesses provided On the other hand someargued that a lack of competition hurt con-sumers Without competition corporations hadno reason to keep their prices low or to improvetheir goods and services

Government RegulationState governments responded to the growing

opposition to trusts and monopolies During the1880s several states passed laws restrictingbusiness combinations Corporations howeveravoided these laws by doing business in statesthat had no such laws

Public pressure for a federal law to prohibittrusts and monopolies led Congress to pass theSherman Antitrust Act in 1890 The law soughtldquoto protect trade and commerce against unlawfulrestraint and monopolyrdquo The act did not clearlydefine either ldquotrustsrdquo or ldquomonopoliesrdquo however

In its early years the Sherman Antitrust Act didlittle to curb the power of big business By con-trast in the 1890s the government did use the actto stop a strike by railroad workers that threat-ened to ldquorestrainrdquo the nationrsquos mail delivery

Comparing How does vertical inte-gration differ from horizontal integration

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Use the key terms that

follow to write a newspaper articleabout Andrew Carnegie corpora-tion monopoly vertical integra-tion philanthropy

2 Reviewing Facts What cities becamecenters of steel production in the late1800s

Reviewing Themes3 Economic Factors Summarize the

steps that John D Rockefeller took togain control of the oil industry

Critical Thinking4 Determining Cause and Effect Re-

create the diagram below and list thebenefits of competition to consumers

5 Comparing Compare the methodsused by Rockefeller and Carnegie to build their industrial empiresDescribe any differences between the two

Analyzing Visuals6 Analyzing Political Cartoons Study

the cartoon on page 569 Whom dothe figures represent What is thecartoon saying about the Standard Oil Company

Citizenship Research to find a phi-lanthropist who has provided ben-efits to the community in whichyou livemdashin the past or presentShare your findings with the class

Competition

16634836

1869Knights of Labororganized

1877Railroad workerson strike

1886Riots erupt in Haymarket Square

Main IdeaWorkers organized to demand betterpay and working conditions

Key Termssweatshop trade union collectivebargaining strikebreaker injunc-tion

Reading StrategyOrganizing Information As you readthe section re-create the diagrambelow and list actions labor unionstook to improve working conditions

Read to Learnbull why workers demanded changes in

their working conditions andwages

bull how labor unions helped workersgain economic and political power

Section ThemeGroups and Institutions Industrialworkers labored long hours for low pay

Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

On a spring day in 1886 about 12000 workers in Chicagorsquos Haymarket Squaremanufacturing district were on strike Nearly all were immigrants and many wore smallred ribbons on their jackets At 2 orsquoclock a man climbed up on an empty freight carnear the crowd He moved to the edge of the roof and waved frantically at the crowdbelow ldquoStand firmrdquo he yelled ldquoLet every man stand shoulder to shoulder and we willwin this fight We must have our rights Strike while the iron is hot rdquo

Working ConditionsThe industrial growth of the late 1800s created new jobs Growth also raised

the standard of living for many American workers That is necessities and lux-uries were more available and affordable Yet workers paid a price for economicprogress Factories had once been small workplaces where employers andemployees knew one another and often worked side by side As mass produc-tion spread however factories became larger and less personal

Haymarket Riotnews report

72254906

Industrial laborers worked for 10 or 12 hours aday six days a week They could be fired at anytime for any reason Many lost their jobs duringbusiness downturns or were replaced by immi-grants who were willing to work for lower pay

Factories and mines were noisy unhealthy andunsafe Accidents were common Steel workerssuffered burns from spills of hot steel Coal min-ers died in cave-ins and from the effects of gasand coal dust Textile workersrsquo lungs were dam-aged by airborne lint Garment workers toiled incrowded urban factories called sweatshopswhere their eyesight was ruined by sewing forhours in poor light Filled with flammable mate-rials the sweatshops were also terrible firetraps (See page 971 for a first-person account of sweatshop conditions)

Women WorkersAlthough the majority of working women in

the late 1800s had jobs as domestic servantswomen also joined the industrial workforceespecially the textile industry By 1900 morethan one million women worked in industryHowever because no laws regulated workersrsquosalaries women generally received about half ofwhat men earned for the same work

Child LaborIndustries also hired children In 1900 hun-

dreds of thousands of children under 16 years ofage worked in factories Concerned groupsbrought child labor to the attention of their statelegislatures As a result many states passed child-labor laws These laws stated that children work-ing in factories had to be at least 12 years old andshould not work more than 10 hours a dayEmployers widely ignored child-labor lawshowever Also the laws did not apply to agricul-ture which employed about one million children

Examining How did mass produc-tion change the size of factories

Labor Unions FormDissatisfied workers organized into groupsmdash

labor unionsmdashto demand better pay and work-ing conditions from their employers Earlier inthe 1800s skilled workers had formed unions to

represent workers in certain crafts or tradessuch as carpentry These trade unions had littleinfluence because each represented only onetrade By the mid-1800s labor leaders looked toexpand their unions

In 1869 garment cutters in Philadelphiafounded the Noble and Holy Order of theKnights of Labor Employers fired workers whojoined labor organizations so the Knights metsecretly and used special handshakes to identifyeach other Under the leadership of Terence VPowderly the Knights of Labor became anational labor organization in the 1880s Unlikemost unions the Knights recruited people whohad been kept out of trade unions includingwomen African Americans immigrants andunskilled laborers

The Knights of Labor grew rapidly to morethan 700000 members by 1886 However a waveof strikes turned public opinion against the unionand it lost members and power in the 1890s

In 1881 a group of national trade unionsformed a federation that five years later becameknown as the American Federation of Labor(AFL) The AFL represented skilled workers invarious crafts

Young coal miners in Kingston Pennsylvania c 1900

19461562

Women and the UnionsMany unions would not admit women work-

ers so some women formed their own unionsMary Harris Jones better known as MotherJones spent 50 years fighting for workersrsquo rights

In 1911 a fire broke out at the Triangle Shirt-waist Company factory a crowded sweatshopin New York City The workers mostly youngimmigrant women could not escape from thebuilding because the company had locked thedoors to prevent employees from leaving earlyNearly 150 workers died in the fire The disasterled the International Ladiesrsquo Garment WorkersUnion (ILGWU) to push for a safer workingenvironment

Comparing Who was eligible formembership in the AFL In the Knights of Labor

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

The strike was the major weapon for workers against the man-agement for whom they worked1 Location Which strikes involved miners2 Analyzing Information Which strike occurred in

Martinsburg

The AFL was led by Samuel Gompers thetough practical-minded president of the CigarMakersrsquo Union The organization pressed forhigher wages shorter hours better workingconditions and the right to bargain collectivelywith employers In collective bargainingunions represent workers in bargaining withmanagement

Although violent strikes turned public feelingagainst workers and unions in the late 1880s theAFL survived and grew By 1904 the AFLclaimed more than 16 million members

Laborrsquos Struggle for Justice 1877ndash1914

111877 Great Railway Strike Workers protest pay cuts

1886 Haymarket Affair

Labor rally ends in violence

1892 New Orleans

Workers from 42 unions demand shorter hours and better pay

1892 Homestead Strike

Steelworkers protest wage cut

1892 Silver Mines Unrest

State jails hundreds of striking workers

1894 Pullman Strike

Federal troops quell riots

1902 Anthracite Coal Strike

Miners strike to win union recognition

1914 Ludlow Massacre

State militia burns striking miners tent colony

Labor Unrest

83121284

The Unions ActEconomic depressions in the 1870s and the

1890s led companies to fire workers and lowerwages Unions responded with large strikes thatsometimes sparked violence

Economic depression hit the nation followinga financial panic in 1873 To cut costs companiesforced their workers to take pay cuts In July1877 angry strikers burned rail yards ripped uptrack and destroyed railroad property The com-panies hired strikebreakers to replace the strik-ing workers and federal troops restored order

Antilabor feeling grew stronger after a bloodyclash between police and strikers in ChicagorsquosHaymarket Square in May 1886 Striking work-ers from the McCormick Harvester Companygathered to protest the killings of four strikersthe previous day When police ordered thecrowd to break up an unidentified person threwa bomb that killed a police officer Several morewere killed in a riot that followed Following theHaymarket Riot many Americans associatedthe labor movement with terrorism and disorder

In 1892 workers went on strike at AndrewCarnegiersquos steel plant in Homestead Pennsylva-nia Plant managers had cut workersrsquo wageshoping to weaken the steelworkersrsquo unionWhen the union called a strike Homesteadmanagers hired nonunion workers and brought

in 300 armed guards to protect them A fiercebattle left at least 10 people dead Pennsylva-niarsquos governor sent the statersquos militia to Home-stead to restore order The plant reopened withnonunion workers protected by the troopsAfter the failure of the Homestead Strike thesteelworkersrsquo union dwindled

The employees of George Pullmanrsquos railway-car plant near Chicago went on strike in May1894 when the company cut wages Pullman responded by closing the plant One monthlater workers in the American Railway Unionsupported the strikers by refusing to handlePullman cars paralyzing rail traffic

Pullman and the railroad owners fought backThey persuaded US Attorney General RichardOlney to obtain an injunction or court order tostop the union from ldquoobstructing the railwaysand holding up the mailsrdquo The workers andtheir leader Eugene V Debs refused to end thestrike Debs was sent to jail

President Grover Cleveland sent federaltroops to Chicago and soon the strike was overThe failure of the Pullman Strike dealt anotherblow to the union movement Despite these set-backs workers continued to organize to workfor better wages and working conditions

Describing Why did the Pullmanworkers go on strike

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Write a paragraph about

the American Federation of LaborUse the following terms sweatshoptrade union collective bargainingstrikebreaker injunction

2 Reviewing Facts What role didSamuel Gompers play in uniongrowth

Reviewing Themes3 Groups and Institutions What were

the goals of the American Federationof Labor when it was founded

Critical Thinking4 Drawing Conclusions Why do you

think many Americans did not imme-diately support the labor unions

5 Organizing Information Re-createthe diagram below and describe the roles each played in labor-management issues

Analyzing Visuals6 Geography Skills Study the map on

Which of the incidentsshown on the map occurred in the1890s What events took place in Illinois When did they occur

Art Design a board game in whichplayers can experience the ups anddowns of factory work in the late1800s Include spaces such asldquoWorkday extended to 12 hoursMiss a turnldquo and ldquoYour union winsa pay hike Collect $5rdquo

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

Reviewing Key TermsUse each of the following terms in a statement that mighthave been made by the person indicated1 Railroad owner rebate pool standard gauge2 Union member trade union collective bargaining3 Factory owner mass production assembly line4 Shareholder stock dividend

Reviewing Key Facts5 What improvements in railway transportation were

brought about by new technology6 What were four of Thomas Edisonrsquos inventions7 What inventions improved communications in the late

1800s8 What manufacturing methods did Henry Ford use to

make his new automobile affordable9 What is vertical integration

10 What action did Congress take to control trusts andmonopolies in response to pressure from the Ameri-can people

11 What is collective bargaining12 How did the Haymarket Riot of 1886 affect public

opinion about the labor movement

Critical Thinking13 Analyzing Information Describe the contributions of

African American inventors in the late 1800s14 Analyzing Themes Economic Factors How did hori-

zontal integration differ from vertical integration15 Drawing Conclusions Why did workers think that

forming organized labor unions would help them getwhat they wanted from employers

16 Analyzing Themes Geography and HistoryRe-create the diagram below and describe two ways in which the growing railroad network helped American industry

The Growth of IndustryRailroadsbull Settlers are transported west

bull Railroads deliver raw materials and finished goods

bull Thousands of jobs are provided

bull Large railroads offer secret rebates to customers andmake secret agreements that raise rates

Inventionsbull The telegraph links the

United States and Europe

bull Alexander Graham Bellinvents the telephone

bull Thomas Alva Edison inventsthe electric lightbulb

bull Henry Ford uses assembly lines to mass-produce the automobile

bull Wright brothers fly airplane at Kitty Hawk

bull New processes improve steel production

Companiesbull Railroads are the first businesses

to incorporate

bull John D Rockefeller organizes Standard Oil forms a trust andcreates a monopoly

bull Andrew Carnegie forms CarnegieSteel Company

bull Congress passes the ShermanAntitrust Act

Labor Movementbull Working conditions in factories and mines are unhealthy

bull Women workers paid half of menrsquos wages for same work

bull Child workers areexploited

bull Labor unions form toimprove wages and working conditions

bull Labor union strikes some-times result in violence

Railroad network

Self-Check QuizVisit tajglencoecom and click on Chapter 19mdash

Self-Check Quizzes to prepare for the chapter test

HISTORY

Directions Choose the bestanswer to the following question

The development of the transformers that Westing-house built led to an increase in

F the price of electricityG the use of gas to heat homesH the use of electricity to power factoriesJ imported goods

Test-Taking TipThe phrase led to indicates that this question is

looking for a cause-and-effect relationship Rememberthat a cause is any person event or condition that

makes something happen What happens as a result is known as an effect

Standardized Test Practice

Geography and History ActivityStudy the map below and answer the questions that follow

17 Movement What forms of transportation moved goodsinto and out of this region

18 HumanEnvironment Interaction What industry grew inthe timbered regions of Wisconsin and Michigan

19 Location Identify the major ironsteel manufacturingcenters shown on the map

Practicing SkillsReading a Time Zone Map Study the time zone map onpage 560 Use the map to answer the following questions20 If you traveled from Florida to California what time zones

would you cross21 If it is 600 am in Maine what time is it in Hawaii22 If it is 300 pm in Texas what time is it in Alaska

Citizenship Cooperative Activity23 Labor Unions With another student write a short essay

in which you support or criticize labor unions from thepoint of view of a young person who has just entered theworkforce Note how you think a union could or couldnot improve your life Share your essay with the class

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

Economics Activity24 Using a product that is familiar to you explain how each

of the factors of production was used in its creation

Technology Activity25 Using a Spreadsheet Become an imaginary shareholder

in a corporation Search for stock market data in a dailynewspaper Choose one stock to follow for a two-weekperiod Track the performance of the stock on a spread-sheet by marking its daily increases and decreases Com-pare your spreadsheet with classmatesrsquo results anddecide if you made a good investment

Alternative Assessment26 Portfolio Writing Activity Review the chapter for infor-

mation about the four major union strikes between 1877and 1894 Write a headline for each that might haveappeared in newspapers following the strike

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

What role does electricity play in your life Can you imagine

your life without electricity Electricity powers lights TVs

radios ovens microwaves and computers along with countless

other objects you use every day

The Way It Was

The Civil War had ended No longer divided by war Ameri-

cans set about improving their lives Inventors led the way

Inventors such as George Westinghouse Lewis Howard Latimer

and Thomas Edison learned from one another and together

pushed the United States to become an industrial nation To

create the lightbulb Edison first had to understand how elec-

tricity works Now conduct your own investigation of electrical

currents much as Edison did and experience the life of an

inventor Find out which common objects are conductors and

which are insulators by building and testing a battery-powered

conductivity tester

Building a Conductivity Tester

flashlight with one fresh D cell(battery)

3 pieces of insulated wire(each about 6 inches (15 cm)long with the ends stripped)

roll of masking or duct tape a penny a plastic comb several pieces of fabric a metal fork or spoon several different rocks various other objects to test

Thomas Edison suffered

from hearing problems

throughout his life

Although an operation

could have saved his

hearing Edison refused it

He claimed he preferred

deafness because it

helped him concentrate

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

Build your conductivity tester by unscrewingthe top of the flashlight You will find that theflashlight contains a bulb assembly

1 Take one wire and tape it to the metal tipof the flashlight lightbulb Tape a secondwire to the metal ring that touches theside of the bulb

2 Tape the other end of the wire that isconnected to the tip of the lightbulb tothe positive (+) end of a D cell (battery)and touch the free end of the secondwire to the negative (ndash) end of the cellThe light should go on because you havemade an electrical current (If the lightdoes not go on make sure all the con-nections are taped tightly and make good contact)

3 Tape one end of a third wire to the nega-tive (ndash) end of the cell and touch the freeend of that wire to the wire coming fromthe bulb holder Again the light shouldgo on Try touching the two free ends ofthe wires to the penny at the same timeThe bulb should light because the pennyis a good conductor

Test your other objects in the same waythat you tested the penny Record whetherthey are conductors or insulators

1 In general what types of materials make thebest conductors

2 From your experiment how would you definean electrical current

3 Drawing Conclusions What are some ofthe risks inventors take when experimentingwith unfamiliar materials

How was Edison able to invent such usefulthings How would you go about inventingsomething Research and learn about some

of the inventors from the late 1800s and early 1900s Note howthese inventors got started Then create a diagram that explainshow you would go about creating a new invention

11535471

The American JourneymdashIllinois Edition

Illinois Learning Standards for Social Science

How Does The American Journey Help Me Learn the Standards

How Does The American Journey Help Me Test My Knowledge of Social Science

The Illinois Constitution A Summary

Table of Contents

Previewing Your Textbook

Scavenger Hunt

How Do I Study History

The Structure of Illinois Government

Constitution Test Practice

Reading Skills Handbook

Identifying Words and Building Vocabulary

Reading for a Reason

Understanding What You Read

Thinking About Your Reading

Understanding Text Structure

Reading for Research

National Geographic Reference Atlas

United States Political

United States Physical

United States Territorial Growth

North America Physical

North America Political

Middle East PhysicalPolitical

World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography

How Do I Study Geography

How Do I Use Maps

How Does Geography Influence History

Geographic Dictionary

Be an Active Reader

Unit 1 Different Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1625

Chapter 1 The First Americans Prehistory to 1492

Section 1 Early Peoples

Section 2 Cities and Empires

Section 3 North American Peoples

Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 2 Exploring the Americas 1400ndash1625

Section 1 A Changing World

Section 2 Early Exploration

Section 3 Spain in America

Section 4 Exploring North America


Unit 2 Colonial Settlement 1587ndash1770

Chapter 3 Colonial America 1587ndash1770

Section 1 Early English Settlements

Section 2 New England Colonies

Section 3 Middle Colonies

Section 4 Southern Colonies


Chapter 4 The Colonies Grow 1607ndash1770

Section 1 Life in the Colonies

Section 2 Government Religion and Culture

Section 3 France and Britain Clash

Section 4 The French and Indian War


Unit 3 Creating a Nation 1763ndash1791

Chapter 5 Road to Independence 1763ndash1776

Section 1 Taxation Without Representation

Section 2 Building Colonial Unity

Section 3 A Call to Arms

Section 4 Moving Toward Independence

The Declaration of Independence


Chapter 6 The American Revolution 1776ndash1783

Section 1 The Early Years

Section 2 The War Continues

Section 3 The War Moves West and South

Section 4 The War Is Won


Chapter 7 A More Perfect Union 1777ndash1790

Section 1 The Articles of Confederation

Section 2 Convention and Compromise

Section 3 A New Plan of Government


Civics in Action A Citizenship Handbook

Section 1 The Constitution

Section 2 The Federal Government

Section 3 Citizens Rights and Responsibilities

Handbook Assessment

The Constitution of the United States

Unit 4 The New Republic 1789ndash1825

Chapter 8 A New Nation 1789ndash1800

Section 1 The First President

Section 2 Early Challenges

Section 3 The First Political Parties


Chapter 9 The Jefferson Era 1800ndash1816

Section 1 The Republicans Take Power

Section 2 The Louisiana Purchase

Section 3 A Time of Conflict

Section 4 The War of 1812


Chapter 10 Growth and Expansion 1790ndash1825

Section 1 Economic Growth

Section 2 Westward Bound

Section 3 Unity and Sectionalism


Unit 5 The Growing Nation 1820ndash1860

Chapter 11 The Jackson Era 1824ndash1845

Section 1 Jacksonian Democracy

Section 2 Conflicts Over Land

Section 3 Jackson and the Bank


Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny 1818ndash1853

Section 1 The Oregon Country

Section 2 Independence for Texas

Section 3 War with Mexico

Section 4 New Settlers in California and Utah


Chapter 13 North and South 1820ndash1860

Section 1 The Norths Economy

Section 2 The Norths People

Section 3 Southern Cotton Kingdom

Section 4 The Souths People


Chapter 14 The Age of Reform 1820ndash1860

Section 1 Social Reform

Section 2 The Abolitionists

Section 3 The Womens Movement


Unit 6 Civil War and Reconstruction 1846ndash1896

Chapter 15 Road to Civil War 1820ndash1861

Section 1 Slavery and the West

Section 2 A Nation Dividing

Section 3 Challenges to Slavery

Section 4 Secession and War


Chapter 16 The Civil War 1861ndash1865

Section 1 The Two Sides

Section 2 Early Years of the War

Section 3 A Call for Freedom

Section 4 Life During the Civil War

Section 5 The Way to Victory


Chapter 17 Reconstruction and Its Aftermath 1865ndash1896

Section 1 Reconstruction Plans

Section 2 Radicals in Control

Section 3 The South During Reconstruction

Section 4 Change in the South


Unit 7 Reshaping the Nation 1858ndash1914

Chapter 18 The Western Frontier 1858ndash1896

Section 1 The Mining Booms

Section 2 Ranchers and Farmers

Section 3 Native American Struggles

Section 4 Farmers in Protest


Chapter 19 The Growth of Industry 1865ndash1914

Section 1 Railroads Lead the Way

Section 2 Inventions

Section 3 An Age of Big Business

Section 4 Industrial Workers


Chapter 20 Toward an Urban America 1865ndash1914

Section 1 The New Immigrants

Section 2 Moving to the City

Section 3 A Changing Culture


Unit 8 Reform Expansion and War 1865ndash1920

Chapter 21 Progressive Reforms 1877ndash1920

Section 1 The Progressive Movement

Section 2 Women and Progressives

Section 3 Progressive Presidents

Section 4 Excluded from Reform


Chapter 22 Overseas Expansion 1865ndash1917

Section 1 Expanding Horizons

Section 2 Imperialism in the Pacific

Section 3 Spanish-American War

Section 4 Latin American Policies


Chapter 23 World War I 1914ndash1919

Section 1 War in Europe

Section 2 Americas Road to War

Section 3 Americans Join the Allies

Section 4 The War at Home

Section 5 Searching for Peace


Unit 9 Turbulent Decades 1919ndash1945

Chapter 24 The Jazz Age 1919ndash1929

Section 1 Time of Turmoil

Section 2 Desire for Normalcy

Section 3 A Booming Economy

Section 4 The Roaring Twenties


Chapter 25 The Depression and FDR 1929ndash1941

Section 1 The Great Depression

Section 2 Roosevelts New Deal

Section 3 Life During the Depression

Section 4 Effects of the New Deal


Chapter 26 World War II 1939ndash1945

Section 1 Road to War

Section 2 War Begins

Section 3 On the Home Front

Section 4 War in Europe and Africa

Section 5 War in the Pacific


Unit 10 Turning Points 1945ndash1975

Chapter 27 The Cold War Era 1945ndash1954

Section 1 Cold War Origins

Section 2 Postwar Politics

Section 3 The Korean War

Section 4 The Red Scare


Chapter 28 America in the 1950s 1953ndash1960

Section 1 Eisenhower in the White House

Section 2 1950s Prosperity

Section 3 Problems in a Time of Plenty


Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Era 1954ndash1973

Section 1 The Civil Rights Movement

Section 2 Kennedy and Johnson

Section 3 The Struggle Continues

Section 4 Other Groups Seek Rights


Chapter 30 The Vietnam Era 1960ndash1975

Section 1 Kennedys Foreign Policy

Section 2 War in Vietnam

Section 3 The Vietnam Years at Home

Section 4 Nixon and Vietnam


Unit 11 Modern America 1968ndashPresent

Chapter 31 Search for Stability 1968ndash1981

Section 1 Nixons Foreign Policy

Section 2 Nixon and Watergate

Section 3 The Carter Presidency


Chapter 32 New Challenges 1981ndashPresent

Section 1 The Reagan Presidency

Section 2 The Bush Presidency

Section 3 A New Century

Section 4 The War on Terrorism


Appendix

What Is an Appendix and How Do I Use One

Primary Sources Library

Presidents of the United States

Documents of American History

Supreme Court Case Summaries

Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index

Acknowledgements and Photo Credits

Feature Contents


Documents of Americas Heritage

More Abouthellip

What Life Was Likehellip

National Geographic Geography amp History

Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints

Technology and History

Linking Past amp Present

What Ifhellip

Hands-On History Lab Activity

TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History

Fact Fiction Folklore

Primary Source Quotes

Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks

Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition



























































































































































Activity Workbook - Student Edition

Local history activities

Activity 1 The First Americans

Activity 2 Exploring the Americas

Activity 3 Colonial America

Activity 4 The Colonies Grow

Activity 5 Road to Independence

Activity 6 The American Revolution

Activity 7 A More Perfect Union

Activity 8 A New Nation

Activity 9 The Jefferson Era

Activity 10 Growth and Expansion

Activity 11 The Jackson Era

Activity 12 Manifest Destiny

Activity 13 North and South

Activity 14 The Age of Reform

Activity 15 Road to Civil War

Activity 16 The Civil War

Activity 17 Reconstruction and Its Aftermath

Activity 18 The Western Frontier

Activity 19 The Growth of Industry

Activity 20 Toward an Urban America

Activity 21 Progressive Reforms

Activity 22 Overseas Expansion

Activity 23 World War I

Activity 24 The Jazz Age

Activity 25 The Depression and FDR

Activity 26 World War II

Activity 27 The Cold War Era

Activity 28 America in the 1950s

Activity 29 The Civil Rights Era

Activity 30 The Vietnam Era

Activity 31 Search for Stability

Activity 32 New Challenges

Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition



























































































































































Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition

Capiacutetulo 1 Los primeros habitantes de las Ameacutericas Prehistoria a 1492

Guiacutea de estudio 1-1 Los primeros pueblos

Guiacutea de estudio 1-2 Ciudades e imperios

Guiacutea de estudio 1-3 Pueblos norteamericanos

Capiacutetulo 2 La exploracioacuten de las Ameacutericas 1400ndash1625

Guiacutea de estudio 2-1 Un mundo cambiante

Guiacutea de estudio 2-2 Primeras exploraciones

Guiacutea de estudio 2-3 Espantildea en Ameacuterica

Guiacutea de estudio 2-4 Exploracioacuten de Norteameacuterica

Capiacutetulo 3 La Ameacuterica colonial 1587ndash1770

Guiacutea de estudio 3-1 Primeros asentamientos ingleses

Guiacutea de estudio 3-2 Colonias de Nueva Inglaterra

Guiacutea de estudio 3-3 Colonias del Centro

Guiacutea de estudio 3-4 Colonias del Sur

Capiacutetulo 4 El desarollo de las colonias 1607ndash1770

Guiacutea de estudio 4-1 La vida en las colonias

Guiacutea de estudio 4-2 Gobierno religioacuten y cultura

Guiacutea de estudio 4-3 Choque entre Francia e Inglaterra

Guiacutea de estudio 4-4 La guerra francesa e india

Capiacutetulo 5 El camino de la Independencia 1763ndash1776

Guiacutea de estudio 5-1 Impuestos sin representacioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 5-2 Formacioacuten de la unidad colonial

Guiacutea de estudio 5-3 Un llamado a las armas

Guiacutea de estudio 5-4 Avanzar hacia la independencia

Capiacutetulo 6 La Guerra de Independencia 1776ndash1783

Guiacutea de estudio 6-1 Los primeros antildeos

Guiacutea de estudio 6-2 La guerra continuacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 6-3 La guerra se mueve hacia el Oeste y el Sur

Guiacutea de estudio 6-4 La guerra se gana

Capiacutetulo 7 Una unioacuten maacutes perfecta 1777ndash1790

Guiacutea de estudio 7-1 Los artiacuteculos de la Confederacioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 7-2 Convencioacuten y compromiso

Guiacutea de estudio 7-3 Un nuevo plan de gobierno

Capiacutetulo 8 Una nueva Nacioacuten 1879ndash1800

Guiacutea de estudio 8-1 El primer presidente

Guiacutea de estudio 8-2 Primeros retos

Guiacutea de estudio 8-3 Los primeros partidos poliacuteticos

Capiacutetulo 9 La era de Jefferson 1800ndash1816

Guiacutea de estudio 9-1 Los republicanos toman el poder

Guiacutea de estudio 9-2 La compra de Louisiana

Guiacutea de estudio 9-3 Una eacutepoca de conflicto

Guiacutea de estudio 9-4 La guerra de 1812

Capiacutetulo 10 Crecimiento y expansioacuten 1790ndash1825

Guiacutea de estudio 10-1 Crecimiento econoacutemico

Guiacutea de estudio 10-2 Rumbo al Oeste

Guiacutea de estudio 10-3 Unidad y seccionalismo

Capiacutetulo 11 La era Jackson 1824ndash1845

Guiacutea de estudio 11-1 Democracia jacksoniana

Guiacutea de estudio 11-2 Conflictos por la tierra

Guiacutea de estudio 11-3 Jackson y el banco

Capiacutetulo 12 Destino manifiesto 1818ndash1853

Guiacutea de estudio 12-1 El paiacutes de Oregoacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 12-2 Independencia para Texas

Guiacutea de estudio 12-3 Guerra con Meacutexico

Guiacutea de estudio 12-4 Nuevos colonos en California y Utah

Capiacutetulo 13 El Norte y el Sur 1820ndash1860

Guiacutea de estudio 13-1 La economiacutea del Norte

Guiacutea de estudio 13-2 La gente del Norte

Guiacutea de estudio 13-3 El reino surentildeo del algodoacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 13-4 La gente del Sur

Capiacutetulo 14 La era de la reforma 1820ndash1860

Guiacutea de estudio 14-1 Reforma social

Guiacutea de estudio 14-2 Los abolicionistas

Guiacutea de estudio 14-3 El movimiento femenino

Capiacutetulo 15 Caminono a la Guerra Civil 1820ndash1861

Guiacutea de estudio 15-1 La esclavitud y el Oeste

Guiacutea de estudio 15-2 Una nacioacuten dividida

Guiacutea de estudio 15-3 Retos para la esclavitud

Guiacutea de estudio 15-4 Secesioacuten y guerra


Guiacutea de estudio 16-1 Los dos bandos

Guiacutea de estudio 16-2 Los primeros antildeos de la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 16-3 Un llamado a la libertad

Guiacutea de estudio 16-4 La vida durante la guerra civil

Guiacutea de estudio 16-5 El camino a la victoria

Capiacutetulo 17 La reconstruccioacuten y sus consecuencias 1865ndash1896

Guiacutea de estudio 17-1 Planes de reconstruccioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 17-2 Los radicales toman el control

Guiacutea de estudio 17-3 El Sur durante la reconstruccioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 17-4 Cambio en el Sur

Capiacutetulo 18 La frontera occidental 1858ndash1896

Guiacutea de estudio 18-1 El auge de la mineriacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 18-2 Rancheros y agricultores

Guiacutea de estudio 18-3 Luchas de los nativos americanos

Guiacutea de estudio 18-4 Protesta de los agricultores

Capiacutetulo 19 El crecimiento de la industria 1865ndash1914

Guiacutea de estudio 19-1 Los ferrocarriles ensentildean el camino

Guiacutea de estudio 19-2 Inventos

Guiacutea de estudio 19-3 Una era de grandes negocios

Guiacutea de estudio 19-4 Trabajadores industriales

Capiacutetulo 20 Hacia una Ameacuterica urbana 1865ndash1914

Guiacutea de estudio 20-1 Los nuevos inmigrantes

Guiacutea de estudio 20-2 Mudarse a la ciudad

Guiacutea de estudio 20-3 Una cultura cambiante

Capiacutetulo 21 Reformas progresistas 1877ndash1920

Guiacutea de estudio 21-1 El movimiento progresista

Guiacutea de estudio 21-2 Las mujeres y los progresistas

Guiacutea de estudio 21-3 Los presidentes progresistas

Guiacutea de estudio 21-4 Los excluidos de la reforma

Capiacutetulo 22 Expansioacuten extranjera 1865ndash1917

Guiacutea de estudio 22-1 Expansioacuten de horizontes

Guiacutea de estudio 22-2 Imperialismo en el Paciacutefico

Guiacutea de estudio 22-3 Guerra hispana-estadounidense

Guiacutea de estudio 22-4 Poliacuteticas latinoamericanas

Capiacutetulo 23 La Primera Guerra Mundial 1914ndash1919

Guiacutea de estudio 23-1 Guerra en Europa

Guiacutea de estudio 23-2 El camino de Estados Unidos hacia la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 23-3 Los estadounidenses se unen a los aliados

Guiacutea de estudio 23-4 La guerra en casa

Guiacutea de estudio 23-5 En busca de la paz

Capiacutetulo 24 La eacutepoca del jazz 1919ndash1929

Guiacutea de estudio 24-1 Tiempo de caos

Guiacutea de estudio 24-2 Deseo de normalidad

Guiacutea de estudio 24-3 Un auge de la economiacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 24-4 Los clamorosos antildeos veinte

Capiacutetulo 25 La Depresioacuten y FDR 1929ndash1941

Guiacutea de estudio 25-1 La Gran Depresioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 25-2 El Nuevo Trato de Roosevelt

Guiacutea de estudio 25-3 La vida durante la Depresioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 25-4 Efectos del Nuevo Trato

Capiacutetulo 26 La Segunda Guerra Mundial 1939ndash1945

Guiacutea de estudio 26-1 El camino hacia la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 26-2 La guerra empieza

Guiacutea de estudio 26-3 En el frente nacional

Guiacutea de estudio 26-4 Guerra en Europa y Aacutefrica

Guiacutea de estudio 26-5 Guerra en el Paciacutefico

Capiacutetulo 27 La Guerra Friacutea 1945ndash1954

Guiacutea de estudio 27-1 Oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 27-2 Poliacutetica de posguerra

Guiacutea de estudio 27-3 La Guerra de Corea

Guiacutea de estudio 27-4 La amenaza roja

Capiacutetulo 28 Estados Unidos en la deacutecada de 1950 1953ndash1960

Guiacutea de estudio 28-1 Eisenhower en la Casa Blanca

Guiacutea de estudio 28-2 Prosperidad en los antildeos cincuenta

Guiacutea de estudio 28-3 Problemas en tiempos de abundancia

Capiacutetulo 29 La era de los derechos civiles 1954ndash1973

Guiacutea de estudio 29-1 El movimiento de los derechos civiles

Guiacutea de estudio 29-2 Kennedy y Johnson

Guiacutea de estudio 29-3 La lucha continuacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 29-4 Otros grupos buscan derechos

Capiacutetulo 30 La era de Vietnam 1960ndash1975

Guiacutea de estudio 30-1 Poliacutetica extranjera de Kennedy

Guiacutea de estudio 30-2 Guerra en Vietnam

Guiacutea de estudio 30-3 Los antildeos de Vietnam en casa

Guiacutea de estudio 30-4 Nixon y Vietnam

Capiacutetulo 31 En busca de estabilidad 1968ndash1981

UnGuiacutea de estudio 31-1 Poliacutetica extranjera de Nixontitled

Guiacutea de estudio 31-2 Nixon y Watergate

Guiacutea de estudio 31-3 La presidencia de Carter

Capiacutetulo 32 Nuevos retos 1981ndashPresente

Guiacutea de estudio 32-1 La presidencia de Reagan

Guiacutea de estudio 32-2 La presidencia de Bush

Guiacutea de estudio 32-3 Un nuevo siglo

Guiacutea de estudio 32-4 La guerra contra el terrorismo

Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition

Objectives Addressed in the Activities

Workbook Overview

Preparing for a Standardized Test

Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order

Activity 2 Interpreting Charts and Tables

Activity 3 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data

Activity 4 Using the Scale of Distance on a Map

Activity 5 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact

Activity 6 Descriptive Writing About a Visual

Activity 7 Comparing and Contrasting

Activity 8 Making Inferences

Activity 9 Drawing Conclusions

Activity 10 Interpreting Diagrams

Activity 11 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships

Activity 12 Outlining Information for Writing

Activity 13 Classifying Facts and Details

Activity 14 Recognizing Point of View

Activity 15 Detecting Bias

Activity 16 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions

Activity 17 Identifying the Main Idea

Activity 18 Predicting Outcomes

Activity 19 Analyzing a Political Cartoon

Activity 20 Analyzing Statistics

Activity 21 Persuasive Writing About an Issue

Activity 22 Interpreting Primary Sources

Activity 23 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda

Activity 24 Forming Hypotheses

Activity 25 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence

Activity 26 Making Decisions

Activity 27 Writing a News Story

Activity 28 Interpreting Graphs

Activity 29 Making Generalizations

Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience

Activity 31 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem

Activity 32 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials

Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document

Search - Full available on OS X and Windows in Reader 601

Page Navigator

Exit

1896bull Fordrsquos first

auto built

1908bull Ford introduces

Model T

1895bull Marconi sends first radio signals

bull Lumiegravere brothers introducemotion pictures

1901bull Australia becomes

self-governingdominion

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 19mdashChapter Overviews to pre-view chapter information

The Ironworkersrsquo Noontime by Thomas Pollock Anshutz Factoryworkers in Wheeling West Virginia take their noontime break

1890 1900

B Harrison1889ndash1893

McKinley1897ndash1901

Roosevelt1901ndash1909

1890bull Sherman Antitrust

Act passed

1903bull Wright brothers

fly first motorizedairplane

1907bull New Zealand becomes

Inventions

Step 1 Fold two sheets of paper in half from topto bottom Cut the papers in half along the folds

Identifying Main Ideas Study Foldable Makethis foldable to describe the growth of industryin the United States in the late 1800s

Reading and Writing As you read write whatyou learn about the developments of industryunder each appropriate tab

Step 2 Fold each of the four papers in half fromtop to bottom

Step 3 On each folded paper make a cut1 inch from the side on the top flap

Step 4 Place the folded papers one on top of theother Staple the four sections together and labeleach of the tabs Railroads Inventions BigBusiness and Industrial Workers

Cut alongthe foldlines

Staple here

Cut 1 inch fromthe edge throughthe top flap only

Railroads

your tay

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

Train song sheet

6854571

Economics

21765785

300 miles0

40degN

30degN

TROPIC OF CANCER

Gulf ofMexico

L Huron

L Erie

L Superior

GreatSalt Lake

L Ontario

PaCIFIC

GREAT NORTHERN RR

NORTHERN PACIFIC RR

SOUTHERN

PACIFIC RR

ATCHISON TOPEKA

AND SANTA FE RR

KANSAS

PACIFIC RR

TENNARK

MONTN DAK

MEXICO

CANADA

NEVUTAHCALIF

ARIZTERR N M E X

T E R R

OKLATERR

M I S S

IND OHIO

Houston

New Orleans

Chicago

StLouis

New YorkCity

KansasCity

Sioux City

Los Angeles

Seattle

Tacoma

Portland

Denver

San Francisco

Cheyenne

Boulder

Silver City

Helena

Bozeman

Virginia

PromontoryPoint

Bismarck

DeadwoodSt Paul

Duluth

ColoradoSprings

Santa Fe

Antonio

Wichita

Abilene

83904915

Railroad technology

15391286

from east to west

1000 miles0

30degN

60degN

ARCTIC CIRCLE

TROPIC OF CANCER

Hawaii-Aleutian

AlaskaTime

PacificTime

MountainTime

CentralTime

EasternTime

AtlanticTime

New-foundland

100 PM

200 PM 300 PM 400 PM 500 PM 600 PM 700 PM

730 PM

1200 PM

9989102

Inventions

Auto hood ornament

Samuel Morse

Alexander Bell

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1910

8207644

8761411

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

8860671

Thomas Edison

20668536

7878518

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

104645065

John D Rockefeller

Significance

Shareholders

Stock exchanges

Mergers

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1850 1875 1900

743446

20736461

12491503

19012212

Competition

16634836

Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

72254906

19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

your tay

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1860 1870 1880 1890

Train song sheet

6854571

Economics

21765785

300 miles0

40degN

30degN

TROPIC OF CANCER

Gulf ofMexico

L Huron

L Erie

L Superior

GreatSalt Lake

L Ontario

PaCIFIC

GREAT NORTHERN RR

NORTHERN PACIFIC RR

SOUTHERN

PACIFIC RR

ATCHISON TOPEKA

AND SANTA FE RR

KANSAS

PACIFIC RR

TENNARK

MONTN DAK

MEXICO

CANADA

NEVUTAHCALIF

ARIZTERR N M E X

T E R R

OKLATERR

M I S S

IND OHIO

Houston

New Orleans

Chicago

StLouis

New YorkCity

KansasCity

Sioux City

Los Angeles

Seattle

Tacoma

Portland

Denver

San Francisco

Cheyenne

Boulder

Silver City

Helena

Bozeman

Virginia

PromontoryPoint

Bismarck

DeadwoodSt Paul

Duluth

ColoradoSprings

Santa Fe

Antonio

Wichita

Abilene

83904915

Railroad technology

15391286

from east to west

1000 miles0

30degN

60degN

ARCTIC CIRCLE

TROPIC OF CANCER

Hawaii-Aleutian

AlaskaTime

PacificTime

MountainTime

CentralTime

EasternTime

AtlanticTime

New-foundland

100 PM

200 PM 300 PM 400 PM 500 PM 600 PM 700 PM

730 PM

1200 PM

9989102

Inventions

Auto hood ornament

Samuel Morse

Alexander Bell

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1910

8207644

8761411

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

8860671

Thomas Edison

20668536

7878518

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

104645065

John D Rockefeller

Significance

Shareholders

Stock exchanges

Mergers

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1850 1875 1900

743446

20736461

12491503

19012212

Competition

16634836

Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

72254906

19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Economics

21765785

300 miles0

40degN

30degN

TROPIC OF CANCER

Gulf ofMexico

L Huron

L Erie

L Superior

GreatSalt Lake

L Ontario

PaCIFIC

GREAT NORTHERN RR

NORTHERN PACIFIC RR

SOUTHERN

PACIFIC RR

ATCHISON TOPEKA

AND SANTA FE RR

KANSAS

PACIFIC RR

TENNARK

MONTN DAK

MEXICO

CANADA

NEVUTAHCALIF

ARIZTERR N M E X

T E R R

OKLATERR

M I S S

IND OHIO

Houston

New Orleans

Chicago

StLouis

New YorkCity

KansasCity

Sioux City

Los Angeles

Seattle

Tacoma

Portland

Denver

San Francisco

Cheyenne

Boulder

Silver City

Helena

Bozeman

Virginia

PromontoryPoint

Bismarck

DeadwoodSt Paul

Duluth

ColoradoSprings

Santa Fe

Antonio

Wichita

Abilene

83904915

Railroad technology

15391286

from east to west

1000 miles0

30degN

60degN

ARCTIC CIRCLE

TROPIC OF CANCER

Hawaii-Aleutian

AlaskaTime

PacificTime

MountainTime

CentralTime

EasternTime

AtlanticTime

New-foundland

100 PM

200 PM 300 PM 400 PM 500 PM 600 PM 700 PM

730 PM

1200 PM

9989102

Inventions

Auto hood ornament

Samuel Morse

Alexander Bell

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1910

8207644

8761411

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

8860671

Thomas Edison

20668536

7878518

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

104645065

John D Rockefeller

Significance

Shareholders

Stock exchanges

Mergers

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1850 1875 1900

743446

20736461

12491503

19012212

Competition

16634836

Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

72254906

19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

300 miles0

40degN

30degN

TROPIC OF CANCER

Gulf ofMexico

L Huron

L Erie

L Superior

GreatSalt Lake

L Ontario

PaCIFIC

GREAT NORTHERN RR

NORTHERN PACIFIC RR

SOUTHERN

PACIFIC RR

ATCHISON TOPEKA

AND SANTA FE RR

KANSAS

PACIFIC RR

TENNARK

MONTN DAK

MEXICO

CANADA

NEVUTAHCALIF

ARIZTERR N M E X

T E R R

OKLATERR

M I S S

IND OHIO

Houston

New Orleans

Chicago

StLouis

New YorkCity

KansasCity

Sioux City

Los Angeles

Seattle

Tacoma

Portland

Denver

San Francisco

Cheyenne

Boulder

Silver City

Helena

Bozeman

Virginia

PromontoryPoint

Bismarck

DeadwoodSt Paul

Duluth

ColoradoSprings

Santa Fe

Antonio

Wichita

Abilene

83904915

Railroad technology

15391286

from east to west

1000 miles0

30degN

60degN

ARCTIC CIRCLE

TROPIC OF CANCER

Hawaii-Aleutian

AlaskaTime

PacificTime

MountainTime

CentralTime

EasternTime

AtlanticTime

New-foundland

100 PM

200 PM 300 PM 400 PM 500 PM 600 PM 700 PM

730 PM

1200 PM

9989102

Inventions

Auto hood ornament

Samuel Morse

Alexander Bell

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1910

8207644

8761411

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

8860671

Thomas Edison

20668536

7878518

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

104645065

John D Rockefeller

Significance

Shareholders

Stock exchanges

Mergers

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1850 1875 1900

743446

20736461

12491503

19012212

Competition

16634836

Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

72254906

19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Railroad technology

15391286

from east to west

1000 miles0

30degN

60degN

ARCTIC CIRCLE

TROPIC OF CANCER

Hawaii-Aleutian

AlaskaTime

PacificTime

MountainTime

CentralTime

EasternTime

AtlanticTime

New-foundland

100 PM

200 PM 300 PM 400 PM 500 PM 600 PM 700 PM

730 PM

1200 PM

9989102

Inventions

Auto hood ornament

Samuel Morse

Alexander Bell

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1910

8207644

8761411

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

8860671

Thomas Edison

20668536

7878518

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

104645065

John D Rockefeller

Significance

Shareholders

Stock exchanges

Mergers

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1850 1875 1900

743446

20736461

12491503

19012212

Competition

16634836

Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

72254906

19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

from east to west

1000 miles0

30degN

60degN

ARCTIC CIRCLE

TROPIC OF CANCER

Hawaii-Aleutian

AlaskaTime

PacificTime

MountainTime

CentralTime

EasternTime

AtlanticTime

New-foundland

100 PM

200 PM 300 PM 400 PM 500 PM 600 PM 700 PM

730 PM

1200 PM

9989102

Inventions

Auto hood ornament

Samuel Morse

Alexander Bell

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1910

8207644

8761411

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

8860671

Thomas Edison

20668536

7878518

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

104645065

John D Rockefeller

Significance

Shareholders

Stock exchanges

Mergers

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1850 1875 1900

743446

20736461

12491503

19012212

Competition

16634836

Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

72254906

19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Inventions

Auto hood ornament

Samuel Morse

Alexander Bell

Guide to Reading

1870 1890 1910

8207644

8761411

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

8860671

Thomas Edison

20668536

7878518

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

104645065

John D Rockefeller

Significance

Shareholders

Stock exchanges

Mergers

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1850 1875 1900

743446

20736461

12491503

19012212

Competition

16634836

Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

72254906

19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

8761411

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

8860671

Thomas Edison

20668536

7878518

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

104645065

John D Rockefeller

Significance

Shareholders

Stock exchanges

Mergers

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1850 1875 1900

743446

20736461

12491503

19012212

Competition

16634836

Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

72254906

19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

1914Aerial combat

between German

and French World

War I pilots

across the Atlantic

1927Lindbergh com-

solo transatlantic

flight

first jet-powered

aircraft to fly

1947Chuck Yeager is

first to fly faster

than the speed of

Taking to the Air

8860671

Thomas Edison

20668536

7878518

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

104645065

John D Rockefeller

Significance

Shareholders

Stock exchanges

Mergers

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1850 1875 1900

743446

20736461

12491503

19012212

Competition

16634836

Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

72254906

19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

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Previous Document

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Thomas Edison

20668536

7878518

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

104645065

John D Rockefeller

Significance

Shareholders

Stock exchanges

Mergers

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1850 1875 1900

743446

20736461

12491503

19012212

Competition

16634836

Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

72254906

19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

7878518

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

104645065

John D Rockefeller

Significance

Shareholders

Stock exchanges

Mergers

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1850 1875 1900

743446

20736461

12491503

19012212

Competition

16634836

Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

72254906

19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

and industry

1912 Model T Ford

HISTORY

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

104645065

John D Rockefeller

Significance

Shareholders

Stock exchanges

Mergers

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1850 1875 1900

743446

20736461

12491503

19012212

Competition

16634836

Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

72254906

19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

John D Rockefeller

Significance

Shareholders

Stock exchanges

Mergers

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1850 1875 1900

743446

20736461

12491503

19012212

Competition

16634836

Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

72254906

19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

20736461

12491503

19012212

Competition

16634836

Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

72254906

19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

12491503

19012212

Competition

16634836

Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

72254906

19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

19012212

Competition

16634836

Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

72254906

19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Competition

16634836

Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

72254906

19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































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Industrial Workers

Labor Unions

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1870 1880 1890

72254906

19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































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19461562

400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

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Previous Document

Search - Document


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400 miles0

30degN

20degN

40degN

Atlantic

Pacific

CANADA

MEXICO

ILL WVA

Martinsburg

Homestead

Scranton

New Orleans

Ludlow

Coeur dAlene

Pullman

Chicago

Martinsburg

1892 New Orleans

1894 Pullman Strike

Labor Unrest

83121284

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Individual Role

Terence Powderly

Mary Harris Jones

George Pullman

Grover Cleveland

1631611

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


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Exit

to incorporate

Railroad network

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

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HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

HISTORY

200 miles0

40degN

90degW 80degW

L Huron

L Erie

L Ontari o

L Superior

OHIOIND

GrandRapids

Green Bay

Galena

Minneapolis

Chicago

Springfield

LansingDetroit

Toledo

St Louis

Indianapolis

SouthBend

Cincinnati

Pittsburgh

ClevelandYoungstown

Titusville

Buffalo

Columbus

Milwaukee

Madison

Sawmills

IronSteel

Railroad

Timber

Prairie

Shipping

IndustrialExpansion

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

The Way It Was

conductivity tester

throughout his life

deafness because it

10004775

11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

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11535471





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































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Documents

Chapter 19: The Growth of Industry, 1865-1914 - Your … American Journey/chap19.pdf · tured goods from factories to markets and trans-ported produce from farming areas to the cities

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