Chapter 19 Review Earthquakes. Movement occurs along fractures in rocks when _____. 1.stress equals the strength of the rocks involved 2.stress overcomes

$Page 1: Chapter 19 Review Earthquakes. Movement occurs along fractures in rocks when _____. 1.stress equals the strength of the rocks involved 2.stress overcomes$
Chapter 19 Review

Earthquakes

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Movement occurs along fractures in rocks when _____.

1. stress equals the strength of the rocks involved

2. stress overcomes the strength of the rocks involved

3. stress is applies to the rocks involved

4. stress is less than the rocks involved

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The strain which causes a material to twist is known as

1. stress

2. compression

3. tension

4. shear

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The strain which causes a material to pull apart is known as

1. stress

2. compression

3. tension

4. shear

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P-waves and S-waves are also known as ____.

1. surface waves

2. ground waves

3. body waves

4. first waves

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Which point marks the epicenter of the earthquake?

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

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At which point will the most damage as a result of the

earthquake occur?

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

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What is true about the focus?

1. It is the point where the most surface damage will occur.

2. It is the point where the surface waves originate and spread out.

3. It is the point where the waves are attracted.

4. It is the point of failure where the waves originate.

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What keeps the stable part of this seismometer from moving during an

earthquake?

1. inertia

2. gravity

3. its mass

4. its location

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Which part of the seismometer does not shake during an earthquake?

1. the frame

2. the spring

3. the rotating drum

4. the pendulum and pen

Use the graph to answer the questions.

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A seismogram is located 4500 miles away from the epicenter of an earthquake. What is the difference

in time between when the P-waves reach the seismogram and the S-waves reach the

seismogram?

1. 5 1/2 minutes

2. 6 minutes

3. 10 minutes

4. 22 minutes

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Which type of material would be best to use for construction in an

area prone to earthquakes?

1. Concrete

2. Brick

3. Wood

4. Stone

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Organize the locations from lowest to highest hazard.

1. B, A, D, C

2. C, D, A, B

3. A, B, C, D

4. B, A, C, D

Location Earthquake History

Strain Buildup Rate

A many earthquakes

slow

B few earthquakes

moderate

C many earthquakes

fast

D many earthquakes

moderate

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Seismologists have assessed a particular area and predict that an earthquake occurs every 17 years in that area. If the last earthquake

occurred in 1998, when will the next earthquake most likely occur?

1. 2010

2. 2015

3. 2017

4. 2025

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Over the past 250 years a city has experienced 23 earthquakes at rather regular intervals. Approximately how

often have these earthquakes occurred?

1. every 50 years

2. every 10 years

3. every 100 years

4. every 5 years

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A city is located over an active fault, but has not experienced an earthquake for a long

period of time. The city is most likely located where?

1. over a seismic gap

2. in an area of low recurrence

3. over minimal strain accumulation

4. at a location of low seismic risk

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____ and the amount of strain released during the last quake are used in earthquake probability studies.

1. Seismic belts

2. Strain accumulation

3. Fault scarps

4. Tsunamis

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On a seismometer, vibrations of the ground do not move the ____.

1. frame

2. spring

3. recording drum

4. suspended mass

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A ____ fault forms as a result of horizontal compression.

1. blind

2. normal

3. strike-slip

4. reverse

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The San Andreas Fault, a result of horizontal shear, is a

____ fault.

1. blind

2. normal

3. strike-slip

4. reverse

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The locations of seismic belts are determined by plotting ____.

1. earthquake epicenters

2. seismic gaps

3. earthquake foci

4. epicentral distances

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A numerical scale of earthquake magnitude that takes into account the

size of the fault rupture is the ____.

1. Richter scale

2. modified Mercalli scale

3. moment magnitude scale

4. epicentral distance scale

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Deaths associated with earthquake deaths in sloping areas can result from

1. tsunamis.

2. landslides.

3. formation of fault scarps.

4. surface ruptures.

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Does not pass through Earth’s liquid outer core

1. surface wave

2. P-wave

3. S-wave

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Does not pass through Earth’s interior at all

1. surface wave

2. P-wave

3. S-wave

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Squeezes and pulls rocks in same direction as the save

travels

1. surface wave

2. P-wave

3. S-wave

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Is refracted by Earth’s core

1. surface wave

2. P-wave

3. S-wave

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Absence of this kind of waves results in a shadow zone

1. surface wave

2. P-wave

3. S-wave

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Causes structures to sink into the ground

1. Liquefaction of soils

2. Collapse of higher, intact floors onto ground floors

3. Vertical motions of the seafloor during an earthquake

4. Natural sway of intermediate buildings equals the period of vibration of the earthquake

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Type of structural failure called “pancaking”





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Type of structural failure related to building height





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Results in a tsunami1. Liquefaction of soils




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Section of an active fault that has not experienced a significant earthquake for a long time


2. magnitude

3. stress

4. fault

5. tsunami

6. strain

7. seismic gap

8. surface wave

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Rates earthquake intensity


2. magnitude

3. stress

4. fault

5. tsunami

6. strain

7. seismic gap

8. surface wave

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Wave generated by vertical motions of the seafloor


2. magnitude

3. stress

4. fault

5. tsunami

6. strain

7. seismic gap

8. surface wave

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Seismic wave that causes the ground to move in two directions


2. magnitude

3. stress

4. fault

5. tsunami

6. strain

7. seismic gap

8. surface wave

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Forces per unit area acting on a material


2. magnitude

3. stress

4. fault

5. tsunami

6. strain

7. seismic gap

8. surface wave

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Measure of the energy released by a quake


2. magnitude

3. stress

4. fault

5. tsunami

6. strain

7. seismic gap

8. surface wave

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Deformation of materials in response to stress


2. magnitude

3. stress

4. fault

5. tsunami

6. strain

7. seismic gap

8. surface wave

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Fracture in rock along which movement occurs


2. magnitude

3. stress

4. fault

5. tsunami

6. strain

7. seismic gap

8. surface wave

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Most rocks that exist in Earth’s crust are brittle but become

ductile at great depths where temperatures are cooler.

1. True

2. False

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Seismic belts are relatively narrow and tend to follow tectonic plate boundaries.

1. True

2. False

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If two seismic stations receive data from an earthquake, the quake’s location can be computed if P-waves, S-waves, and

surface waves have been received.

1. True

2. False

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The fact that a significant earthquake has not occurred within

a seismic gap indicates that an earthquake is more likely to occur in

the near future.

1. True

2. False

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On a seismometer, the suspended mass tends to stay at rest during an

earthquake because of inertia.

1. True

2. False

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A seismometer is designed so that its frame vibrates with the

movement of the ground.

1. True

2. False

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The amount of damage done to structures as a result of an

earthquake is the earthquake’s magnitude.

1. True

2. False

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S-waves are refracted, or bent, by Earth’s outer core.

1. True

2. False

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Chapter 19 Review Earthquakes. Movement occurs along fractures in rocks when _____. 1.stress equals the strength of the rocks involved 2.stress overcomes