Slide 2 CHAPTER 19 AN AGE OF EXPLORATIONS & ISOLATION
SECTION 1 EUROPEANS EXPLORE THE EAST Slide 3 The Spanish had been
fighting the Reconquista for 781 years This was a war to take back
the land of Spain from the Muslims who invaded in 711 AD This ended
in what famous year in Spanish history??? Slide 4 Slide 5 The
Reconquista So with Ferdinand and Isabella, the king and queen of
Spain united, they completed this 781 year war Needless to say,
they needed??? GOLD Slide 6 Therefore Since the Spaniards were
fighting this 781 year war, they did not take the lead in the Age
of Exploration Another country on the Iberian Peninsula did Slide 7
PORTUGAL LEADS THE WAY One of the reasons why Portugal leads the
way was Prince Henry the Navigator Included in his achievements
were: Founding a Navigation school, Supporting Exploration through
funding The belief in getting himself and the country richer
Spreading Christianity Setting up a trading network for even more
riches Slide 8 God Glory and Gold Stories of early explorers, like
Marco Polo getting to China in 1275, told of great riches Since
Europe was at war for most of the 1300s, exploration was not an
interest However, in the 1400s, it was an interest again and now
the Europeans also had the technology to make this very profitable
Slide 9 GOD So why would these Europeans leave? GOLD GLORY Slide 10
So why would these Europeans leave? EUROPEANS HAVE A CHANCE EXPLORE
SPICES SUCH AS CINNAMON, SAFRON, PEPPER, ETC WERE WORTH THEIR
WEIGHT IN GOLD DESIRE TO BE RICH, SPREAD CHRISTIANITY, &
ADVANCES IN SAILING AFTER BRINGING THESE SPICES BACK, MERCHANTS
WERE ABLE TO SELL SPICES AT HIGH PRICES Slide 11 WHY SPREAD
CHRISTIANITY? EUROPEANS BELIEVED SACRED DUTY WAS TO CONVERT NON-
CHRISTIANS. Slide 12 Bartolomeu Dias Early Portuguese Explorer
While he is known for reaching the Horn of Africa he said his
motive was: To Serve God and His majesty to give light to those who
were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do Slide 13
NOW HOW WAS THIS POSSIBLE? New TECHNOLOGY These New Technologies
included: SHIPS SUCH AS THE CARAVEL. IMPROVED SAILING TECHNIQUES.
STURDIER, TRIANGULAR SAILS TO SAIL INTO THE WIND NAVIGATIONTOOLS
AND TECHNIQUES (ASTROLABE, COMPASS, CHIP LOG, ETC). CHIP LOG Slide
14 VASCO DA GAMA 1497, EXPLORED EAST COAST OF AFRICA AND THEN PORT
OF CALICUT (SW SHORE OF INDIA), RETURNED HOME WITH CARGO 60 TIMES
COST OF VOYAGE. Slide 15 SPAIN ALSO MAKES CLAIMS CHRISTOPHER
COLUMBUS 1492- REACHED A CARIBBEAN ISLAND MISTAKENLY THOUGHT IT WAS
EAST INDIES. OPENED THE WAY FOR COLONIZATION IN AMERICA. Slide 16
Slide 17 TENSION BETWEEN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL WHEN COLUMBUS IS
BELIEVED TO HAVE REACHED ASIA, PORTUGAL & SPAIN HAD MAJOR
TENSION AS THEY BATTLE FOR LAND THE PORTUGUESE ARGUE COLUMBUS IS
CLAIMING LAND THAT WAS ALREADY THEIRS THE TWO COUNTRIES COME TO THE
VERGE OF WAR, BUT POPE ALEXANDER VI INTERVENES. Slide 18 TREATY OF
TORDESILLAS THE POPE SUGGESTS A LINE OF DEMARCATION A MADE UP
BORDERLINE - WEST OF LINE WOULD BE SPAINS, EAST OF LINE WOULD BE
PORTUGALS 1494-BOTH COUNTRIES AGREE TO HONOR THE LINE Slide 19
TRADING EMPIRES IN THE INDIAN OCEAN PORTUGAL THE PORTUGUESE TAKE
TRADING CITIES IN CHINA (MACAU), INDIA (GOA), AND MALAYSIA (MALACCA
STRAIT) DOMINATED TRADE IN INDIAN OCEAN, PERSIAN GULF, ARABIAN SEA,
INDIA & ASIA WHY ARE THEY DETERMINED TO PREVENT MUSLIMS FROM
CONTINUING THEIR SPICE TRADE? Slide 20 Portuguese Success! The
Portuguese break the Italian-Muslim monopoly They brought goods
back to Europe which now cost Europeans 1/5 th of the previous cost
As a result of the cheaper cost, demand goes up even more for these
Eastern goods. Portugals Asian success brought competitors and new
explorers through Asia. Slide 21 Ferdinand Magellan Born in modern
day Portugal, he served the King of Spain Very simply put, he was
the man who put together the first expedition that would
circumnavigate the world Slide 22 THE DUTCH (A.K.A. NETHERLANDS)
CHALLENGE THE DUTCH FORM THE DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY, WHICH IS
FINANCED BY WORLDWIDE INVESTORS BY 1620, THE DUTCH EAST INDIA
COMPANY HAVE LARGEST FLEET IN WORLD. EVEN THOUGH THEY WERE A
COMPANY, THEY WERE: WEALTHY MADE TREATIES, RAISED ARMIES &
ESTABLISHED THEIR DOMINANCE IN REGION THEY DRIVE THE PORTUGUESE OUT
OF INDONESIA And Now Competitors Slide 23 DUTCH TRADE OUTPOSTS
SEIZED CONTROL OF MANY PORTUGUESE AREAS INCLUDING CONTROL OF INDIAN
OCEAN. BY 1700 THEY RULED INDONESIA & HAD MANY TRADING POSTS IN
ASIA. ALSO CONTROLLED CAPE OF GOOD HOPE ON SOUTHERN TIP OF AFRICA
WHICH WAS A MAJOR RESUPPLY STOP Slide 24 British and French
Outposts By the 1700s Great Britain started the English East India
Company The French East India Company faced too many attacks from
the Dutch and was never that successful Slide 25 SECTION 2 CHINA
LIMITS EUROPEAN CONTACTS Slide 26 CHINA UNDER THE POWERFUL MING
DYNASTY MING DYNASTY HONGWU DOMINATED POWER IN ASIA (1368-1644).
COUNTRIES PAID TRIBUTE TO THE MING, & EXPECTED EUROPEANS TO DO
THE SAME. 1 ST MING EMPEROR, CREATED MANY REFORMS TO PROMOTE POWER
& PROSPERITY, SEEN AS A TYRANT Slide 27 FOREIGN RELATIONS OF
CHINA CHINA REMAINED ISOLATED EVEN THOUGH DEMAND OF SILK &
CERAMIC SKY ROCKETED. OPPOSED EUROPEAN & CHRISTIAN PRESENCE
Slide 28 MANCHUS FOUND THE QING DYNASTY MANCHUS PEOPLE OF MANCHURIA
INVADED CHINA & MING DYNASTY FALLS TOOK CHINESE NAME FOR THEIR
DYNASTY- QING LASTED 260 YEARS EXPANDED BORDER TO INCLUDE TAIWAN,
CHINESE CENTRAL ASIA, MONGOLIA, & TIBET Slide 29 CHINA UNDER
THE QING KANGXI FIRST RESISTED WHY? SLOWLY EARNED RESPECT BY
UPHOLDING CONFUCIAN BELIEFS & STRUCTURE EMPEROR IN 1661 RULED
FOR 60 YEARS, REDUCED GOV. EXPENSES & LOWERED TAXES Slide 30
QIAN-LONG CHINAS RESTRICTIONS GRANDSON OF KANGXI, RULED FROM 1736-
1795, REACHED GREATEST PROSPERITY, WORKED ON EMPIRES PROBLEMS IF
COUNTRIES WANTED TO TRADE WITH CHINA THEY WOULD HAVE TO FOLLOW
RULES & PAY A TRIBUTE. Slide 31 KOREA PAID CHINESE TRIBUTE
& ADOPTED MANY WAYS OF CHINAS BELIEFS GAINED STRONG SENSE OF
NATIONALISM AND AWAY FROM CHINA ESPECIALLY SEEN IN THEIR ART. Slide
32 LIFE IN MING & QING CHINA FAMILY LIFE FAMILIES FARMED NEW
FOOD, NUTRITION IMPROVED & FAMILIES EXPANDED SONS FAVORED, ONLY
ALLOWED TO PERFORM VITAL RELIGIOUS RITUALS RAISE OWN FAMILY UNDER
PARENTS ROOF WHY? Slide 33 FEMALES NOT VALUED WIVES
RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDED WORKING IN THE FIELDS, SUPERVISED
CHILDRENS EDUCATION MANAGED FAMILY FINANCES Slide 34 SECTION 3
JAPAN RETURNS TO ISOLATION Slide 35 A NEW FEUDALISM UNDER STRONG
LEADERS JAPAN DAIMYO VIOLENT ERA 1467- 1568 KNOWN AS SENGOKU OR
WARRING STATES WARRIOR CHIEFTAINS OFFERED SECURITY FOR LOYALTY
Slide 36 ODA NOBUNAGA TOYOTOMI HIDEYOSHI BRUTAL & AMBITIOUS
DAIMYO SEIZED CAPITAL OF KYOTO (1568). COULDNT UNIFY JAPAN &
COMMITTED SUICIDE NOBUNAGAS BEST GENERAL CONTINUED THE MISSION.
CONTROLLED MOST OF COUNTRY UNTIL HE DIED IN 1598 Slide 37 TOKUGAWA
IEYASU UNIFIED JAPAN, BECAME SOLE RULER, MOVED CAPITAL TO EDO
(TOKYO). FORCED LOCAL DAIMYOS TO SPEND EVERY OTHER YEAR IN THE
CAPITAL, THIS TAMED THEM RULE OF LAW OVERCAME THE RULE OF THE SWORD
MEANING? Slide 38 TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE DYNASTY OF SOLE RULERS UNIFIED
WANTED TO TAKE CARE OF THE PEOPLE. STRIVED TO BE VIRTUOUS. AND
VOWED TO PROTECT THE COUNTRY. Slide 39 LIFE IN TOKUGAWA JAPAN THE
IDEAL SOCIETY DEPENDED ON AGRICULTURE NOT COMMERCE IN TOKUGOWA
JAPAN Slide 40 SOCIETY SHIFT IN JAPAN HAIKU MID 1700S FROM RURAL TO
URBAN. EDO BECAME LARGEST CITY IN WORLD WITH MORE THAN 1 MILLION
PEOPLE. COMMERCIAL CENTERS INCREASED 5-7-5 SYLLABLE, 3-LINE VERSE
POETRY; PRESENTED IMAGES RATHER THAN IDEAS Slide 41 KABUKI THEATRE
WHERE ACTORS WERE IN ELABORATE COSTUMES, USING MUSIC, DANCE, &
MIME PERFORMED SKITS ABOUT MODERN LIFE. Slide 42 CONTACT BETWEEN
EUROPE & JAPAN PORTUGUESE MERCHANTS CASTLES BUILT FIRST GROUP
IN JAPAN. FIREARMS WAS THEIR BIGGEST ITEM OF TRADE. BUILT FORTIFIED
CASTLES TO WITHSTAND CANNONBALLS. Slide 43 CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES
JAPAN ACCEPTS IT AT FIRST. WHY? BRILLIANT CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES
LIKE FRANCIS XAVIER COME TO JAPAN EVENTUALLY BANNED BECAUSE WENT
AGAINST TRADITIONAL JAPANESE BELIEFS Slide 44 THE CLOSED COUNTRY
POLICY JAPAN CLOSES BORDERS STRENGTHENED TOKUGAWA SHOGUNS BY
ELIMINATING EUROPEAN IDEAS THAT UNDERMINED TOKUGAWA AUTHORITY
LIMITING TRADE PRODUCED MONOPOLY HIGH PROFITS FOR THE SHOGUNS Slide
45 LONG TERM EFFECT OF CLOSED COUNTRY POLICY OF JAPAN MISSED
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES ELECTRICITY SCIENCE MILITARY STAGNATION OF
IDEAS EMPERORS UNTIL 1945 NOT A FREE MARKET UNTIL 1945
