Chapter 19

Structural DrawingChapter 19

*Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.All Rights Reserved.

ObjectivesCreate a structural truss or floor plan drawingLabel and specify the size and shape of steel structural membersIdentify, draw, and label various structural steel shapes


Objectives (cont.)Identify, draw, and label high-strength bolts used in structural jointsIdentify welding symbols used in steel fabrication of structural componentsIdentify and read concrete and brick construction details


Structural DrawingsStructural drawings include:Foundation plansWall sections and framing detailsStructural steel framing and detailsBeam and column drawings and details


Wood ConstructionMany different types of wood are used as structural timberThe surface of a wood product is finished by milling or planing Due to wood loss in surfacing, nominal size is larger than dressed thicknessSymbols are used to indicate requirements for finished surfaces on wood


Wood Joints


Connector Designs


Structural SteelStructural steel drawings are ordinarily one of two types:Engineering design drawingsManufacturing (shop) drawings


Structural Steel Engineering design drawings show the overall dimensions of the structure including:Locations of columns, beams, angles and other shapesSizes of structural membersDetail in the form of cross sections, special connections required, and notes


Structural Steel


Structural SteelShop drawings consist of detail drawings of all parts of the entire structure showing exactly how the parts are to be madeThese drawings show all dimensions necessary for fabrication, usually calculated to the nearest 1/16


Piece MarksA system is used to mark each piece that is separately handledThis mark is called a piece mark and should be shown wherever the member appears on the drawings


Piece Marks


Structural Steel ShapesStructural steel is available in many standard shapesMost CAD programs have structural shapes symbol libraries available


Structural Steel Shapes


Erection PlansErection plans made by the steel fabricator are assembly drawings for the steel structure


Erection Plans


ConnectionsMain members are joined together in the field to build a structure and most joints are welded connections to the main membersRiveting is seldom used as a connection but you may find reference to riveted joints in original plans


ConnectionsAISC recommends certain standard connections for attaching beamsYou should know the strength of the various connections and use them only when they are sufficient


WeldingWelding is a common method for connecting steel members of buildings and bridgesThe fillet weld is the most common in structural steel fabrication


Welded Beam Detail


High-Strength Bolting for Structural JointsTwo common types of high-strength steel bolts are ASTM A325 and A490


Accuracy in DimensionsIncorrect dimensions on drawings will result in serious errors and misfits when members are assembled in the fieldConsider the effect of tolerance stacking on the fit of steel members


Concrete ConstructionConcrete is made by mixing sand, gravel, or other aggregates with Portland cement and waterReinforced concrete has embedded steel reinforcing barsIn prestressed concrete, the steel is pretensioned before the superimposed load is applied


Reinforced Concrete Drawings


Structural Clay ProductsBrick and tile are some of the best known forms of building constructionTraditionally they are built into masonry forms and units are placed one at a time in a soft mortar


Stone ConstructionNatural stone is also used in masonry construction, most commonly for ornamental facing


Laying and Bonding Brick, Tile and Stone

Documents

Chapter 19