Chapter-19-20-Industrial Revolution

8/7/2019 Chapter-19-20-Industrial Revolution

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Ch 19: The Industrial Revolution


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Today Industrial Advances Create Powerful U.S.A.


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Positive Advances of Industry,

Technology, and Innovation


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Analyze the positives and

negatives of the Industrial

Revolution.

Was industrialization

ultimately goodfor society?


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What items in this room were NOT

made through industrial processes?


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Today it seems the whole world is

processed. It was not always this way.


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Video: Intro to the Industrial Revolution


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Key Events

The Industrial Revolutionsaw aa shift from an economy

based on farming andhandicrafts to an economybased on manufacturingby machines and industrialfactories.

The early conflicts betweenworkers and employers

produced positive effects for

workers in modern society.

The I.R. replaced manyhandcrafted items with mass-

produced items, many of which

we still use today.


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The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain

The IndustrialRevolution began in

Great Britain in the1780s for severalreasons.

Improved farming

methods increased thefood supply, whichdrove food prices downand gave families moremoney formanufactured goods.

The increased foodsupply also supported

a growing population.

Manchester, Great Britain


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to make the mento make the men

into machines thatinto machines that

cannot err.cannot err.


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The Rhodes ColossusCecil Rhodes

spanning "Cape to Cairo" Britain had a ready

supply ofcapitalmoney to investforindustrial machines

and factories.

Wealthyentrepreneurswere looking for

ways to invest andmake profits.

Finally, Britain hadabundant naturalresources and asupply of markets,in part because ofits colonial empire.


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British Colonial

Empire


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The Spinning JennyThe Spinning Jenny


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The only surviving example of the Spinning Jenny or Spinning Mule.


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The cotton industry becameeven more productive afterthe Scottish engineerJames

Watt improved the steamengine in 1782 so it coulddrive machinery.

Steam power was used to spinand weave cotton.

By 1840 cottoncloth wasBritains most

valuable product. Its cotton goods

were sold all overthe world.

A late version of a Watt double-acting steam engine

The 1817 engine in Birmingham, England


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James WattJames Watt

Watt must he be thinking about?Watt must he be thinking about?


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Watt?Watt?

A Steam Engine of course!A Steam Engine of course!


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The steam engine droveBritains Industrial

Revolution, and it ran oncoal.

This led to the coalindustry expanding. The

coal supply seemedunlimited.

The Ind Revolution in Great Britain


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Coal alsotransformed the

iron industry. Iron had been

made in Englandsince the MiddleAges.

Using the processdeveloped by

Henry Cort calledpuddling, industryproduced a better

quality of iron.


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The Iron Bridge in Shropshire, England


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Since they were anefficient way to move

resources and goods,railroads were crucial tothe Industrial Revolution.

The first railroads were slow,

but they developed rapidly. The Rocketwas used on the

first public railway line, whichopened in 1830.

The 32-miles of track wentfrom Liverpool toManchester, England.

The Rocketpulled a 40-tontrain at 16 miles per hour.



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Within 20 years, trainswere going 50 miles per

hour, an incredible speedfor its time. By 1850, GreatBritain had more than6,000 miles of track.

Building railroads was anew job for farm laborersand peasants.

The less expensive

transportation lowered theprice of goods and madefor larger markets.



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2nd Industrial Revolution


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ClaudeClaude

MonetMonet

If you could paint

this well you

could make a lot

of Monet.

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

"If the world"If the world

really looksreally looks

like that I willlike that I willpaint nopaint no

more!"more!"-Claude Monet, flinging away a

pair of glasses for which he had been fitted

to correct a severe astigmatism


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The Second Industrial Revolution

Electricity gave birth to manyinventions, such as the light

bulb invented by ThomasEdison in the United States. A revolution in communications was

ushered in when Alexander GrahamBell invented the telephone (1876) and

Guglielmo Marconi sent the first radiowaves across the Atlantic (1901).

Marconi watching associates raise kite antenna at St. John's, December 1901


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Organizing the Working Classes

Industrial workers formed socialistpolitical parties and unions to improvetheir working conditions.

In 1848, Karl Marx andFriedrich Engels publishedThe Communist

Manifesto.

They were appalled byindustrial working conditionsand blamed capitalism.

They proposed a new social

system. One form of Marxist socialism

was eventually calledcommunism.

Memorial to Karl Marx in Moscow.The inscription reads "Proletarians of all countries, unite!"


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Karl MarxKarl Marx

Karl Marx is NOTKarl Marx is NOT

Santa ClausSanta ClausBut, he was bringing gifts

for the working class

poor.


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Organizing the Working Classes (cont.)

Marx believed world history wasa history of class struggle

between the oppressing ownersof the means of production andthe oppressed workers.

The oppressors controlledpolitics and government.

Government was an instrumentof the ruling class.

Marx believed that society was increasingly dividingbetween the bourgeoisie (middle-classoppressors) and the proletariat (oppressedworking-class), each hostile to the other.


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proletariatproletariat =oppressed workingoppressed working--classclass

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Chapter-19-20-Industrial Revolution