Chapter 18

Text-1 What is sanyasa and what is Tyaga

Text-2 Giving up fruitive work is called sanyasa

Giving up results of work is called tyaga

Text-3 Some says all works are faulty so to be rejected

Others says acts of charity, penance, and sacrifice should never be given up

Krishna’s judgment about renunciation 4-6

1. Renunciation is declared to be three kinds

2. Acts of sacrifice, charity, and penance never to be given up

3. They must be performed

4. They purify even great souls

5.They should be performed without attachment or expectation of result

6.As a matter of duty

Renunciation in three modes

Ignorance passion goodness

Giving up work out of illusion

Out of fear of bodily discomfort and as troublesome

Performs duty giving up material association & attachment to fruit

Krishna about work and renunciation 10-12

• Renouncer in goodness neither hate inauspicious nor attach to auspicious work

• Giving up work all together is impossible for embodied being

• Giving up result and attachment is true renunciation

• Truly renounced has no reaction of work as good, bad or mixed

Five factors for any action

1.Adhisthanam Place or body where work take place

2.karta Worker, the soul who does

3.karanam Instrument or senses used for conducting work

4.chesta Endeavor

5.daivam Super soul seats in the heart

Impetus for work

Thinking, feeling, willing

Constituents of work

Accumulation of work

1.Knowledge 1.Senes

2.Object of knowledge 2. Work

3.Knower 3. Doer

Sankhya and Vedanta on karma

Knowledge in three modes

Goodness Passion Ignorance

Sees undivided spiritual nature in innumerable divided forms

Sees different living entities according to different body

Attached to one type of work, don’t know truth Very meager work

Action in three modes

Goodness Passion Ignorance

Regulated, without attachment, love, hatred, desiring fruit.

Desiring to gratify fruit, false ego, great effort.

Disregarding scriptural injunctions, future bondage, in illusion, violence, distress to others

Workers in three modes

Goodness passion ignorance

Free from attachment and false ego. Enthusiastic determined, equal in success and failure

Attached to work and fruit, greedy, envious unclean, subject to joy and sorrow

Against scripture, materialistic, obstinate, deceitful, insulting others, lazy, morose, procrastinating

Understanding in three modes

Goodness passion Ignorance

Knows what are do’s and don’ts,

Fear and fearlessness what is binding and liberation

Cannot differentiate between religion and irreligion – do’s and don’ts

Takes religion to be irreligion understands everything wrongly opposite

Determination

Goodness Passion Ignorance

Controls activities of mind, life and senses sustained by yoga practice

Holds fast religion, economic development, sense gratification

Cant go beyond dreaming,

fearfulness, lamentation, moroseness, illusion .

Happiness in three modes

Goodness Passion Ignorance

Beginning like poison but end like nectar

Awakens self realization and satisfaction

Derived from contacts of senses with sense objects, beginning like nectar end like poison.

Blind to self realization ,

Beginning till end delusion,

Born of sleep, laziness, illusion.

Natural qualities for work

Brahmana 1.peacefulness 2.selfcontrol 3.austerity 4.purity 5.tolerance 6. honesty 7.knowledge 8.wisdom 9.religiosity

Ksatriya 1.Heroism 2.power 3. determination 4.resourcefulness 5. courage in battle 6.generosity 7.leadership

Vaisya 1.Farming ,2.cow protection and 3.business

Sudra 1. Labor and Service to others

Disqualified students

Na-tapaskaya Not austere

Indulged in sense gratification

Na- abhaktaya Not devotee Krishna. Not engaged in devotional service

Na- asusrusave No service attitude for Krishna or His pure devotee.

Na- mam-abhyasuyati

Those who are envious of Krishna