CHAPTER 18: AN ERA OF REFORM

PRISON REFORM:CONDITIONS BEFORE REFORM

• Jail inmates were in chains & lived in cages.• Children were in jail with adult prisoners.• Mentally ill were treated as criminals. • Insufficient mental hospitals.

PRISON REFORM:CONDITIONS BEFORE REFORM

PRISON REFORM:CONDITIONS BEFORE REFORM

PRISON REFORM:CONDITIONS BEFORE REFORM

PRISON REFORM:CONDITIONS BEFORE REFORM

PRISON REFORM:REFORM LEADER

• Dorothea Dix

PRISON REFORM:REFORMS

• New asylums• State governments stopped placing debtors in prison. • Special justice systems for children• Cruel punishments outlawed

EDUCATION REFORM:CONDITIONS BEFORE REFORM

• Few areas had public schools.• Schoolrooms were overcrowded.• Teachers had limited education & received little pay.• Most children didn’t go to school.

EDUCATION REFORM:REFORM LEADER

• Horace Mann

EDUCATION REFORM:REFORMS

• New York set up public elementary schools. • Massachusetts voted to pay taxes to build better schools, pay teachers higher salaries, & establish training schools for teachers. • By 1850, most white boys attended free public schools.• Public universities accepted women.

ABOLITIONISM:GOAL OF THE MOVEMENT

• to abolish slavery

ABOLITIONISM:LEADERS OF THE MOVEMENT

• William Lloyd Garrison • Frederick Douglass• Angelina & Sarah Grimke• Sojourner Truth

WOMEN’S RIGHTS:CONDITIONS BEFORE THE MOVEMENT

• Women could not vote or hold office.• Fathers/husbands controlled women’s money & property.• Husbands could physically discipline their wives.

WOMEN’S RIGHTS:LEADERS OF THE MOVEMENT

• Lucretia Mott• Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Lucy Stone

SENECA FALLS:GRIEVANCES

• Man did not let woman vote.• He did not give her property, rights, even to her own wages.• He did not allow her to practice professions like medicine & law.

SENECA FALLS:ADVANCES ACHIEVED

• New York gave women control over property & wages. • Massachusetts & Indiana passed more liberal divorce laws.• Elizabeth Blackwell started her own hospital.• Women eventually were given the right to vote.

WOMEN’S GRIEVANCESHe has made her, if married, in the eye of the law, civilly dead.

WOMEN’S GRIEVANCESHe has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns.

WOMEN’S GRIEVANCESHe has so framed the laws of divorce, and to whom guardianship of the children shall be given, in all cases, puts all power into his hands.