Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table

Chapter 17Sept. 14-18, 2015

Homework

» Due Friday, 9/18—Science Fair Question»Wednesday, 9/16—Lab day students

must have their lab jacket and goggles to participate

»Notebook Check:˃ 1st pd: Thursday˃ 2nd pd: Friday

The Big Idea»ATOMIC STRUCTURE

IB Question»Can you meet the challenge?

Essential Question»What 2 particles are found in the

nucleus of an atom?

Georgia Performance Standards

SPS1. Students will investigate our current understanding of the atom.

a. Examine the structure of the atom in terms of

•proton, electron, and neutron locations.•atomic mass and atomic number.•atoms with different numbers of neutrons (isotopes).•explain the relationship of the proton

number to the element’s identity.

ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Element—matter that is composed of one type of atom.

Elements are abbreviated in scientific shorthand—either a letter or a pair of letters called a chemical symbol.

ex: Aluminum—Al, Copper—Cu

Watch the video: WKRP in Cincinnati

ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Atom—smallest piece of matter that still has the properties of the element.

protons—positive charge (1+)neutrons—neutral or no chargeelectrons—negative charge (1-)nucleus—located in center of atom consists of protons and neutrons; electrons surround the nucleus

ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Electron Cloud—(current) model which shows evidence traveling in specific energy levels around a nucleus; electrons closest to nucleus have low energy, electrons farther away have high energy. Electrons in Energy Levels

Energy level in atoms Max # of electrons

1 2

2 8

3 18

4 32

Last energy level can only hold max of 8 electrons—H and He exceptions

»Answer the EQ in your interactive notebook. »Finish timeline is

incomplete

ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Apple Jacks AtomsMaterials: Apple Jacks, Lentils, Construction Paper, Glue, Marker

Procedures:1. Students will select an element using lithium through calcium. 2. Students will obtain enough green apple jacks for the protons,

orange apple jacks for the neutrons, and lentils for the electrons.

3. On construction paper, students will draw a central circle and label it nucleus. They will glue the correct number of protons and electrons in the nucleus.

4. Students will draw at least one ring on which to place electrons. Lentils will be glued on the rings for electrons.

5. After gluing all objects on the paper, in the lower right corner, students will list the atomic number, chemical symbol, element name, and atomic mass.

Thursday DO Now: Table Talk

»Why was the Periodic Table designed? »Why is it still used by scientists? »Why is it important to use

common language when working with others?

Georgia Performance Standards

SPS1. Students will investigate our current understanding of the atom.

a. Examine the structure of the atom in terms of

•proton, electron, and neutron locations.•atomic mass and atomic number.•atoms with different numbers of neutrons (isotopes).•explain the relationship of the proton

number to the element’s identity.

The Big Idea»THE PERIODIC TABLE

IB Question»Can you meet the challenge?

Essential Question»WHAT DO ELEMENTS IN THE

SAME GROUP HAVE IN COMMON?

THE PERIODIC TABLE

Periodic table—table where elements are organized by increasing atomic number (number of protons)

In the late 1800’s, Dmitri Mendeleev devised the first periodic table based on atomic mass. However, some elements were out of order. In 1913, Henry G.J. Moseley arranged elements by atomic number and is what we use today.

THE PERIODIC TABLE

The periodic table is arranged by groups and periods.

Groups—vertical columns of elements with similar propertiesgroups are numbered 1-18elements in same group have the same number of electrons in their outer energy level.

Periodic Table Video

THE PERIODIC TABLE

The periodic table is arranged by groups and periods.

Periods—horizontal rows of elements that contain increasing numbers of protons and electrons.Periods are numbered 1-7Each row in the periodic table ends when an outer energy level is filled.

THE PERIODIC TABLE

Each of the 7 energy levels can hold a maximum number of electrons.

Level 1—2 electronsLevel 2—8 electrons

*Outer level can hold a maximum of 8 electrons exception: Hydrogen & Helium

Friday DO Now:

»Discuss with your elbow partner:˃What is an element?˃What is the Periodic Table?˃How are the elements grouped

in the table?

Monday DO Now:

Using the Periodic Table decipher these puns:1. What you do in a play2. What you do to a wrinkled shirt3. “Tasty” part of your mouth

Georgia Performance Standards

SPS1. Students will investigate our current understanding of the atom.

a. Examine the structure of the atom in terms of

•proton, electron, and neutron locations.•atomic mass and atomic number.•atoms with different numbers of neutrons (isotopes).•explain the relationship of the proton

number to the element’s identity.

The Big Idea»MASSES OF ATOMS

IB Question»Can you meet the challenge?

Essential Question»What is the difference between

atomic number and atomic mass?

MASSES OF ATOMS

Smaller particles of matter called quarks exist but scientists still consider atoms the basic building blocks of matter.

Quarks—smaller particles that make up protons and neutrons—6 quarks are known to exist.

MASSES OF ATOMS

Atomic Mass—composed mostly of protons and neutrons in the nucleus—also called mass #

Atomic number—the # of protons in an atom; # of protons also identifies the element.

*If you needed to find # of neutrons of an atom: # of neutrons=mass #—atomic #

MASSES OF ATOMS

Isotopes—atoms of the same element that have different number of neutronsex: B10 or B11

*Different isotopes have different properties.

Average atomic mass—weighted avg. mass of an elements isotopes

Bohr’s Model Video

MASSES OF ATOMS

Common Mass Number’s

Element Symbol Atomic # Protons Neutrons Mass #Avg.

Atomic Mass

Boron B 5 5 6 11 10.81 amu

Carbon C 6 6 6 12 12.01 amu

Oxygen O 8 8 8 16 16 amu

Sodium Na 11 11 12 23 22.99 amu

Cooper Cu 29 29 34 63 63.55 amu

Using the Periodic Table decipher these puns:1. Someone who likes to start

fires2. Superman’s weakness3. Your brother or mine4. Extinct

Tuesday Do NOW

Georgia Performance Standards

SPS1. Students will investigate our current understanding of the atom.

a. Examine the structure of the atom in terms of

•proton, electron, and neutron locations.•atomic mass and atomic number.•atoms with different numbers of neutrons (isotopes).•explain the relationship of the proton

number to the element’s identity.

The Big Idea»METALS, NONMETALS, AND

METALLOIDS

IB Question»Can you meet the challenge?

Essential Question»Which of the following would be the

best conductor—iodine, silver, silicon, or sulfur?

METALS, NONMETALS, AND METALLOIDS

Metals—good conductors of heat and electricity, all but Mercury are solid at room temperatureMetals are located to the left of the stair step

Alkali Metals (Group 1) are the most reactive of all metals; don’t occur in nature in their element form.

METALS, NONMETALS, AND METALLOIDS

Alkaline Earth Metals—(Group 2) shiny, ductile and malleable, combine readily with other elements

Transition Elements—(Groups 3-12) most familiar metals because they often occur in nature uncombined

Inner Transition Metals—(listed below table)

METALS, NONMETALS, AND METALLOIDS

Inner Transition Metals—(listed below table)

Lanthanide Series—elements with atomic #’s 58-71Actinide Series—elements with atomic #’s 90-103---------------------------------------------------

METALS, NONMETALS, AND METALLOIDS

Non-Metals—elements that are usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature; most can form ionic and covalent compounds—located to the right of the stair stepNoble gases—(Group 18) exist as isolated atoms. They are all stable because outer energy level is filled.-------------------------------------------------------

METALS, NONMETALS, AND METALLOIDS

Metalloids—elements that make up stair steps; have metallic and non-metallic properties

Metalloids are part of the mixed groups—which contain metals, non-metals and metalloids (mixed groups are group 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17)

Wednesday DO Now:

Using the Periodic Table decipher these puns:1. A type of flower2. Las Vegas lights3. Police4. Golden State5. Name of a goofy convict

Georgia Performance Standards

SPS1. Students will investigate our current understanding of the atom.

a. Examine the structure of the atom in terms of

•proton, electron, and neutron locations.•atomic mass and atomic number.•atoms with different numbers of neutrons (isotopes).•explain the relationship of the proton

number to the element’s identity.

The Big Idea»ELECTRON DOT DIAGRAMS

IB Question»Can you meet the challenge?

Essential Question»How do you determine how

many dots each element receives?

Q: How do you determine how many dots each element receives?Lewis Dot Structure

Carbon Nitrogen Aluminum

Argon Lithium Sodium

Oxygen Chlorine Mercury

Gold Iodine Silicon

Iron Sulfur Choice

Choice Choice Choice

ELECTRON DOT DIAGRAMS

American chemist G.N. Lewis created this method while teaching a college chemistry class.

Electron Dot Diagrams—use the element symbol and dots to represents outer energy level electrons.

ELECTRON DOT DIAGRAMS

All of the members of a group on the periodic table have the same number of electrons in their outer energy level, group members will undergo chemical reactions in similar ways.

1 H .

2 Li .

3 Na .

4 K .

5 Rb .

6 Cs .

7 Fr .

Thursday DO Now:

Using the Periodic Table decipher these puns:1. Mr. Mony’s enemy2. What you do to flowers3. What you did to ripped jeans4. A “prize” element

Friday DO Now:

»Complete the quiz. Include Bohr’s and Lewis Dot models for Carbon.»Continue to work on the three

activities from the tic-tac-toe project based assessment.

Monday DO Now:

Using the Periodic Table decipher these puns:1. A very smart person2. Person from the big blue

planet3. A fur seller

The Big Idea»Atomic Structure Tic-Tac-Toe

IB Question»Can you meet the challenge?

Essential Question»How creative are you?

Georgia Performance Standards

SPS1. Students will investigate our current understanding of the atom.

a. Examine the structure of the atom in terms of

•proton, electron, and neutron locations.•atomic mass and atomic number.•atoms with different numbers of neutrons (isotopes).•explain the relationship of the proton

number to the element’s identity.

Homework

»Due Tues., 9/23—Question due for SF—record in your journal»Due Fri., 9/26—Tic-Tac-Toe

presentations

Atomic Structure Tic-Tac-Toe

Atomic Structure Tic-Tac-Toe

How-to: Calculating Numbers

of Subatomic Particles Make a visual guide in poster form for how to figure out how many protons, electrons, and neutrons any element has. You must use an actual element and explain in step-by-step format how to do this.

Star of Stage and Screen Create motions for the vocabulary words selected by your teacher. Photograph or video yourself and present them to the class using the SMART Board or a video projector/computer.

Story Time! Write a story personifying protons, electrons and neutrons. They all live in a town called Atomville and have jobs that benefit themselves and their town. Explain their lives in a short story.

Photo Shop Make models of 10 assigned elements, accurately portraying the numbers and locations of the protons, electrons, and neutrons within the elements. Snap a photo of each once you’re done and be ready to show and describe them to the class.

(Element) Wanted! Create a “Wanted” poster for an element assigned by your teacher using the instructions provided in the handouts. This may be a physical poster, or you may create your poster using www.prezi.com or www.glogster.com .

(See details on separate page.)

Work It Out Complete the “Atoms Family” activity and turn it in.

(See details on separate page.)

Dear Diary… Write one full page (single-spaced) about what you have learned about atoms, elements, and subatomic particles. Have 3 peers read and review (with edits, initialing that they have read and reviewed) your writing. Turn in rough draft AND final copy.

Sing It! Write a song, rap, or poem about an assigned element. Tell us facts about your element, including the numbers of protons, electrons, and neutrons in the element, your element’s uses, and about its appearance and occurrence in nature. You will perform it for the class!

Show & Tell In a group of 3, create a skit for an assigned element. Actors in your skit are the 3 subatomic particles. Work together to show and tell how the 3 of you are modeling an atom. You can video this and show it to the class, or give a live performance.

Atomic Structure Tic-Tac-Toe

Work Sessions: (Project Based Assessment)Tuesday—work on choice #1Wednesday—work on choice #2Thursday—work on choice #3

If choices are not complete in class, finish the work at home and prepare for the presentation to the class on Friday.