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Chapter 17 Section A
• Time Period: 1300-1600• During the Renaissance, scholars and artists
developed new cultural and artistic ideas based on the rediscovery of the literature of Classical Greece and Rome.
• The Reformation will lead to the founding of Protestant Churches.
• The invention of the printing press aided the spread of revolutionary ideas.
Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance
Renaissance means “rebirth”.It begins in northern Italy and later spreads northward.
Three advantages for the Renaissance beginning in Italy
1. Wealthy merchant class2. Thriving cities3. Classical heritage of Greece & Rome
Florence, Italy
• Ruled by the Medici Family• Cosimo de Medici rules Florence for 30 years
as the defacto dictator.
Lorenzo De Medici (Lorenzo the Magnificent) comes to power in 1469
• Lorenzo supports the arts.• Medici power comes from a system of banks
the family owns.
Classical & Worldly Values
• Humanism-focused on human potential & achievement.
• Humanism suggested that a person might enjoy life without offending God.
• The basic spirit of Renaissance society was secular & concerned with the here and now.
• Popes & wealthy merchants became patrons of the arts.
Renaissance Woman-should strive for the same thing as a man but not expect to
seek fame. They were expected to inspire art but rarely create it.
Donatello-Made sculpture more realistic by carving natural posture that revealed personality. He carves the first European sculpture of a large, free-standing nude since ancient times.
Leonardo da Vinci-A Renaissance Man. He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist. He painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
Michelangelo Buonarroti-He excelled in almost every area of study. He is most famous for the way he portrayed the human body in painting and sculpture. He designed St. Peter’s Basilica, painted the Sistine Chapel, and carved the statue of David in Florence.
Raphael Desante-Learned from the styles of da Vinci and Michelangelo. His favorite subjects were the Madonna and Child. He portrayed them with gentle & calm expressions.
Women Painters
• Sofonisha Anguissola-First woman artist to gain international reputation. She is known for portraits of her sister & prominent people.
Renaissance Writers
• Renaissance writers wrote for self-expression or to portray the individuality of their subjects.
Francesco Petrarch
• He was the earliest and most influential Humanist. He wrote poetry (sonnets).
• Considered the Father of Humanism• First to use the term, “Dark Ages”
Niccolo Machiavelli-wrote The Prince. This is a political guidebook that examines how a ruler can gain power & keep it. He was not concerned with what was morally right, but what was politically effective.
Women Writers
• Women that gained fame usually wrote about personal subjects, not politics. The most famous of these was Vittoria Colonna. She wrote sonnets.