Chapter 17: European MonarchiesSection I: Spain’s Power Grows in Europe

By: Carmen LopezWorld HistoryPeriod 6

A. Charles V and the Hapsburg Empire

Main Idea: Several monarchies in Europe became linked with the Holy Roman Empire.

Charles V.

A. CHARLES V AND THE HAPSBURG EMPIRE The Holy Roman

Empire The Holy Roman

Empire was a geographical area in western and central Europe, and it included Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Eastern France, and Northern Italy.

This empire lasted about 1,000 years.

After the Hapsburgs gained power in Austria, they went on to dominate the Holy Roman Empire.

The Growth of Hapsburg Influence◦ Dynasties could expand

their influence through marriage, military campaigns, and inheritances.

◦ Emperor Maximilian I used those three methods to increase Hapsburg power.

◦ Some people thought the Hapsburgs might dominate all of Europe.

A. Charles V and the Hapsburg Empire

Emperor Maximilian.

A. Charles V and the Hapsburg Empire

The Reign of Charles V Charles V found out that

he did not have complete authority.

He was a skilled leader in warfare but he preferred to settle conflicts by compromise.

In 1556, Charles V was exhausted by the burdens of monarchy and gave up his position as Holy Roman Emperor.

B. The Golden Age in Spain

Main Idea: Although King Philip II believed he ruled Spain with complete authority, his power proved to be limited.

This is a part of Spain.

B. The Golden Age in Spain• Philip II and Rule by

Divine Right– Philip II ruled Portugal and

he believed that the authority of his kingship rested on the right to rule coming from God and not from the approval of people.

– He ruled in an absolute monarchy which meant that the ruler is not limited by a constitution or law.

– In 1554, after his first wife died, he married Mary Tudor the Queen of England and the daughter of Henry VIII.

This is Philip II.

B. The Golden Age in Spain•The Revolt of the Netherlands

▫The Netherlands was not a unified state in the late 1500’s.

▫But the Dutch people of the Netherlands were unified with their hatred of Philip II’s rule, which was Inquisition.

▫They disliked the fact that Philip II was a Roman Catholic.

This is the flag of the Netherlands.

C. England Enters the World Stage

Main Idea: Fighting between the English and Spanish fleets marked a climax in the conflict between England and Spain.

V.S.

C. England Enters the World Stage

Roman Catholics and Protestants• During the sixteenth century

England rejected Roman Catholicism and Calvinism.

• In the 1550’s, the short marriage of Mary Tudor and Philip II increased religious tensions in Spain.

• In 1576, Philip II sent his half-brother Don Juan to the Netherlands to put down revolt, and he planned to use the Netherlands as a base for the invasion of England.

This is Don Juan, Philip II’s half-brother.

C. ENGLAND ENTERS THE WORLD STAGE The Defeat of the

Spanish Armada England challenged

Spain, and Philip II prepared for an invasion of England.

His fleet was called The Armada and they set sail for England in May 1588.

The defeat of the Armada in 1588 ensured independence for England and the Netherlands. This is Philip

II’s fleet, Armada.

Exhausted-to wear out completely.

Burdens-something that is emotionally hard to bear.(or support)

Inquisition-a court of justice held in the Roman Catholic Church.

Dynasties-a succession of rulers from the same family.

CHAPTER 17:EUROPEAN MONARCHIESSECTION 2 :LOUIS XIV RULES FRANCE

Lebron James January 13 2010World HistoryPeriod 6

A. THE FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION Clashes between

French protestants and Roman Catholics in the late 1500s threatened to tear France apart.

A. THE FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION Religious Conflict

In the 1500s French Protestants or Huguenots were especially numerous among the nobility.

This situation threatened French Monarchs such as king Francis I and King Henry II who were Roman Catholics.

They tries to prevent the Huguenots from gaining more power and influence in France.

A. THE FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION Henry IV and Cardinal

Richelieu Far from settling matters the

Saint Bartholomew's day Massacre led to a period of even more violent civil war.Spanish troops entered France to support Roman Catholics.Some French towns with many Protestants such as Rouen called on England for help.

B. LOUIS XIV: THE SUN KING The long reign of

Louis XIV brought France to a peak of political and cultural influence throughout Europe.

THE LOUIS XIV: THE SUN KING GREAT MONARCH

In 1661 Louis XIV began govern France personally.

Many of these prophecies are French, and they make it quite clear that monarchy will be restored in France.

This will mark a near historical epoch and, because of this, many people are finding it hard to believe.

B. LOUIS XIV: THE SUN KING

Like many other monarch Louis XIV showed the grandeur of his reign by constructing a large new palace.

This splendid residence was Versailles some 10 miles outside Paris.

In the principal royal residence at Versailles hundreds of rooms were stunningly furnished with tapestries chandeliers and dazzling mirrors.

ARTS AND CULTURE UNDER LOUIS XIV

Like other successful monarchs the reign of Louis XIV reign brought about a cultural flowering.

The arts during Louis XIV’s reign are considered to represent the peak of Baroque style.

The main feature of the Baroque style is its ornate decoration.

FRANCE AND THE REST OF EUROPE

Opposition to the foreign policy of Louis XIV which called for almost constant war prevented him from dominating all of Europe.

LOUIS XIV’S FOREIGN POLICY

Louis XIV was strongly committed to the peaceful unification of France at home.

In foreign affairs however Louis pursued a policy of almost constant war.

He was particularly concerned about the power of Hapsburgs whose possessions came close to surrounding France.

THE LEGACY OF LOUIS XIV

Louis XIV’s absolute monarchy ensured his country’s unification and made France one of Europe’s leading powers.

French culture had a strong influence throughout Europe and even beyond the continent.

At the same time Louis was less than successful in some of his economic and foreign policies.

Chapter 17 European Monarchies

Section 3The Rulers of the Holy Roman Empire, Prussia, and Russia

1526-1796Jozzee

World History Period 6

A. The Thirty Years’ War• The Thirty Years’

War caused devastation in central Europe and brought the Holy Roman Empire to an end as a political force.

A. The Thirty Years’ War• GERMANY AND CIVIL WAR

– In 1612, Ferdinand II came to the throne of Bohemia which is today the Czech republic

– Ferdinand himself with his cousin the Spanish Hapsburg, he attempted to stamp Protestantism from the holy roman empire.

– This began the thirty years war in 1618 a long and bloody conflict that spread from Bohemia and Germany all across Europe.

A. The Thirty Years’ War THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA

Negotiations for peace were renewed in 1640, but like the war itself they drag on and on.

It was not until 1648 that the parties could agree on terms and stop the conflict.

The Hapsburgs were forced to give up their dream of restoring Roman Catholicism to central Europe.

The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 marked the end of the Thirty Years’ War and secured the religious freedom of protestants.

B. The Rise of Prussia as a European Power

• In Northeastern Europe in the 1700’s Prussia rose to become an important military power.

B. The Rise of Prussia as a European Power

• A MILITARY STATE– In the early 1600’s, Prussia came

under the control of the German state of Brandenburg.

– Under the leadership of Frederick William during the Thirty Years’ War, a policy of militarism gradually took shape.

– In 1701, as the War of the Spanish Succession was about to begin, the Hapsburg emperor asked Fredrick III, Frederick William’s successor, to supply 8,000 troops.

B. The Rise of Prussia as a European Power

• FREDERICK THE GREAT– From 1740 until his death in 1786,

Frederick II known as Fredrick the Great, ruled Prussia.

– He was also one of the most brilliant military leaders of all time.

– Soon after becoming king, Fredrick boldly led the Prussian army southward and conquered the region of Silesia, most of which lay in present-day Poland.

– In the Seven Years’ war, which was fought from 1756 to 1763, Frederick was able to save his kingdom, event though the population of his enemies outnumbered Prussia by about ten ten to one

C. The Russian Empire Emerges• In Russia, Peter the Great encourage

modernization and brought his country into closer contact with Europe.

C. The Russian Empire Emerges• Peter the Great

– At the age of 25, Peter spent a year in western Europe. He was determined to bring the ideas and influences of western Europe to his own country.

– He also wanted to create a strong army just as the monarchs in France and Prussia were doing

– Like the Versailles of Louis XIV, Saint Petersburg was symbolic as well as spectacular.

C. The Russian Empire Emerges• Catherine the Great

– The absence of a policy for transferring power from one monarch to another had predictable results.

– Catherine’s reign was an example of enlightened despotism. She liked and admired Voltaire and Diderot, the French philosophers of the 1700’s

– In addition, Catherine added significantly to Russian territory.

CHAPTER 17: EUROPEAN MONARCHIES SECTION IV: A LIMITED MONARCHY IN ENGLAND By: Angie Lopez

World History Period 6

A. The Early Stuarts and the English Civil War. Main Idea: The policies of two kings

of England, James I and Charles I, put these monarchs in opposition to Parliament.

James I

A. The Early Stuarts and the English Civil War.

James I and Rule by Divine Right Many of the members of

Parliament are Puritans. Puritans believed that the

Church of England, or the Anglican Church, had resembled the Roman Catholic Church.

James I remained anti-Puritan. Around this time the Bible was

translated into English.

A. The Early Stuarts and the English Civil War.

• Oliver Cromwell and the Commonwealth-He ruled England as a

republic called a commonwealth.

-He named himself the “Lord Protector” of England.

-He died in 1658.

B. Restoration, Revolution, and the Triumph of Parliament

Main Idea: The Glorious Revolution of 1688 limited the powers of the monarchy and resulted in the creation of the English Bill of Rights.

B. Restoration, Revolution, and the Triumph of Parliament

Charles II and the Restoration-He ruled from 1660-1685

-Charles had no children of his own

-In 1681 the Parliament tried again to prevent a Roman Catholic king from taking the throne.

B. Restoration, Revolution, and the Triumph of Parliament

The Glorious Revolution and the English Bill of Rights-James II had appointed many Roman Catholic officials.-William of Orange was married to James’s daughter Mary.-In 1689, William III and Mary officially took the throne.

B. Restoration, Revolution, and the Triumph of Parliament

Change in England -William and Mary had to limit their powers as England’s rulers.-Around that time Parliament approved the English Bill of Rights.-In 1694 Mary dies.