Chapter 16Chapter 16Testing TestingTesting Testing

-Madelynne McDonald--Madelynne McDonald-

Vital SignsVital Signs

TemperatureTemperatureElevated body temperature is Elevated body temperature is

called called FebrileFebrile or or PyrexiaPyrexia (fever).(fever).

AfebrileAfebrile means without fever. means without fever.HypothermiaHypothermia is a decrease in is a decrease in

body temperaturebody temperature

Vital SignsVital Signs

PulsePulse Number of times the heart beats per Number of times the heart beats per

minute is called the minute is called the Pulse RatePulse Rate and is and is taken by palpating an artery.taken by palpating an artery.

Heart RateHeart Rate is the number of times the is the number of times the heart contracts and relaxes per minute heart contracts and relaxes per minute and is taken by auscultating the heart and is taken by auscultating the heart with a stethoscope. with a stethoscope.

Vital SignsVital Signs

Respiration RateRespiration Rate is the number of is the number of respirations per minute, classified as respirations per minute, classified as one total inhale and one total exhale.one total inhale and one total exhale.

Blood PressureBlood Pressure AA sphygmomanometersphygmomanometer is used to is used to

measure blood pressure.measure blood pressure. A A DopplerDoppler is used to listen to blood is used to listen to blood

sounds during the measurement of sounds during the measurement of blood pressure in animals.blood pressure in animals.

Blood Test TermsBlood Test Terms

VenipunctureVenipuncture: withdrawing blood from a : withdrawing blood from a vein.vein.

AssayAssay: assessment or test to determine the : assessment or test to determine the number of organisms, cells, or amount of a number of organisms, cells, or amount of a chemical substance found in a sample.chemical substance found in a sample.

Complete Blood CountComplete Blood Count: diagnosis : diagnosis evaluation of blood to determine the evaluation of blood to determine the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes per cubic millimeter of blood.thrombocytes per cubic millimeter of blood.

Blood Test TermsBlood Test Terms

ProfileProfile: group of laboratory tests performed : group of laboratory tests performed on serum; also called on serum; also called screenscreen or or panelpanel. . Includes tests that measure levels of Includes tests that measure levels of glucose, liver enzymes, and kidney enzymes.glucose, liver enzymes, and kidney enzymes.

Red Cell CountRed Cell Count: number of : number of erythrocyteserythrocytes per cubic millimeter of bloodper cubic millimeter of blood

SerologySerology: lab study of : lab study of serumserum and the and the reactions of antigens and antibodiesreactions of antigens and antibodies

White Cell CountWhite Cell Count: number of : number of leukocytesleukocytes per millimeter of blood.per millimeter of blood.

Types of DiseasesTypes of Diseases Contagious DiseaseContagious Disease: disease that can : disease that can

be spread from one animal to another be spread from one animal to another by direct or indirect contact (a.k.a. by direct or indirect contact (a.k.a. communicablecommunicable).).

IatrogenicIatrogenic Disease Disease: disorder caused : disorder caused by physicians or veterinarians.by physicians or veterinarians.

IdiopathicIdiopathic Disease Disease: disorder with an : disorder with an unknown causeunknown cause

Nosocomial InfectionNosocomial Infection: disorder : disorder caused by pathogenic organisms caused by pathogenic organisms contracted in a facility or clinic.contracted in a facility or clinic.

ExaminationsExaminations

EndoscopyEndoscopy: the visual examination : the visual examination of the interior of any cavity of the of the interior of any cavity of the body by means of an body by means of an endoscopeendoscope..

CentesisCentesis: the surgical puncture to : the surgical puncture to remove fluid or gas for diagnostic remove fluid or gas for diagnostic purposes or for treatment.purposes or for treatment.

Imaging TechniquesImaging Techniques

RadiographyRadiography: the procedure in : the procedure in which film is exposed as ionizing which film is exposed as ionizing radiation passes through the patient radiation passes through the patient and shows the internal body and shows the internal body structures in profile.structures in profile. ProjectionProjection: the path of the x-ray beam: the path of the x-ray beam PositioningPositioning: the specified body : the specified body

position and the part of the body closest position and the part of the body closest to the filmto the film

Imaging TechniquesImaging Techniques Computed TomographyComputed Tomography: the : the

procedure in which ionizing radiation procedure in which ionizing radiation with computer assistance passes with computer assistance passes through the patient and shows the through the patient and shows the internal body structures in internal body structures in cross-cross-sectionalsectional views. views.

MagneticMagnetic Resonance Imaging Resonance Imaging: the : the procedure in which radio waves and a procedure in which radio waves and a strong magnetic field pass through the strong magnetic field pass through the patient and show the internal body patient and show the internal body structures in 3-D views.structures in 3-D views.

Imaging TechniquesImaging Techniques FluoroscopyFluoroscopy: the procedure used to : the procedure used to

visually examine internal body visually examine internal body structures in motion using radiation to structures in motion using radiation to project images onto a project images onto a fluorescentfluorescent screen.screen.

UltrasoundUltrasound: imaging of internal body : imaging of internal body structures by recording echoes of structures by recording echoes of high-high-frequencyfrequency waves. waves. EchoicEchoic: property of producing adequate : property of producing adequate

levels of reflections when sound waves are levels of reflections when sound waves are returned to the transducer and displayed.returned to the transducer and displayed.