Chapter 15Rizal’s Second Sojourn and the Universal

Exposition of 1889

• Difficulty of finding a quarter

Universal Exposition of 1889

Effect:

-the cost of living spiraled high.• No.45 Rue Maubeuge – Ventura’s residence

• Transferred residence several times, moving from one hotel to another, from one boarding house to another

• Finally lived in a little room together with two other Filipinos – Justo Trinidad and Jose Albert

• Life in Paris (Letters in May 16, 1889)

-Spent most of his time in the reading room of the Bibliotique National checking up his historical annotations on Morga’s book

- Writing letters to his family and friends

- In the gymnasium for his daily physical exercises

- Visiting his friends, dining at the homes of his friends, such as the Tavera’s, Ventura’s, Bousted’s and Luna’

• Dr. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera

-physician by vocation philologist by avocation• Dr. Felix Pardo de Tavera

- physician by vocation and an artist and sculpture by avocation

• Paz Pardo de Tavera wife of Juan Luna

- June 24,1889 when Andres(Luling), the second child was born and JPR the godfather chose her name

“Maria dela Paz Blanca Laureana Herminigilda Juana Luna y Pardo de Tavera”

• Rizal and the Paris Exposition of 1889

-Eiffel Tower, 984 ft high, built by Alexander Eiffel - greatest attraction

-Pres. Sadi Carnot (3rd French Republic)

-200,000 persons or more crowd the daily exposition

- International Art Competition

Felix R. Hidalgo’s painting won the 2nd prize, Juan Luna and F. Pardo de Tavera won the 3rd prize, while JPR’s entry got no prize.

• Three Clubs/Societies

Kidlat Club – a social society of a temporary nature

Purpose:

To bring together the young Filipinos in the French capital so that they could enjoy their sojourn in the city during the duration of the Exposition

Members:

Antonio & Juan Luna, Gregorio Aguilera, Fernando Canon, Lauro Dimayuga, Julio Llorente, Guillermo Puatu & Baldomero Roxas

• Indios Bravos (Brave Indians)Inspiration:

American Indians who were not ashamed of their names

Purpose:

Its members pledged to excel in intellectual and physical prowess in order to win the admiration of the foreigners particularly the Spaniards. They practiced the use of sword and pistol. JPR taught them judo.

Members:

Same members

• RDLM (Redencion de los Malayos)Purpose:The propagation of all the useful knowledge-

scientific, artistic, literary, etc..- in the Philippines.REDEMPTION of the Malay Race (another aim)

Borneo Colonization project:

“Not merely to have a place where Filipinos could live and work with more liberty as well as free themselves from the oppressive conditions of the Philippines – for something else important , which is freedom of action to attain the aim of the RDLM.. Which means the redemption of the Malay race” (Dr. Leoncio Lopez-Rizal)

-Max Havelaar book (1860) by Multatuli (E.D. Dekker, Dutch Author)

• Annotated Edition of Morga PublishedOutstanding achievement of Rizal in Paris the publication of his annotation of Morga’s book, written in British Museum, printed by Garnier Freres

Prologue – written by Prof. Blumentritt

Rizal’s errors in his annotation:

1. Commits the error in appraising the history of the past in the light of the present standard

2. Rizal’s attacks of the church were unfair and unjustified because the abuses should not be construed to mean the Catholic is bad.

• Dedication: To The Filipinos

In this historical book JPR proved that Filipinos were already civilized before the advent of Spain.JPR disproved the historical heresies of the Spanish writers who claimed that the early Filipinos were savages and were of low mentality

Comment on Morga’s Publication Date:

“Paris, Libreria de Garnier Hermanos, 1890” “ I have just received your magnificent edition of Morga. This edition

with your erudite notes will glorify your name”

(Blumentritt to Rizal, October 12, 1889)

“Today I sent to Lipa four copies of Morga. Later I will send some more” (Rizal to Dr. Baldomero Roxas December 28, 1889)

“ I received the book Sucesos, Truly excellent. Please send me immediately about ten copies that I can send to the Philippines by the first mail that is going there” (Mariano Ponce to Rizal, December 31, 1889)

RIZAL AS HISTORIAN- First Voyage Around the World (Italian) Antonio Pigafetta

- Historical works of Marsden, Raffles, Lord Stanley, and Wallace in English

- Writings of Blumetritt, Jagor, Virchow in German

- Books of M. Jacquet, J. Mallat, & A. Marche in French

- Works of TH Pardo de Tavera, Pedro Paterno, Miguel Morayta, Pi y Margall in Spanish

Other works of Rizal which qualify him to be a real historian:

1. Ma- yi (London, Deccember 6.1888)

2. Tawalisi of Ibn Batuta (January 7, 1889)

3. Filipinas Dentro de Cien Anos (published in La Solidaridad in five issues1890)

4. La Politica Colonial on Filipinas ( no date;Manila en el mes de Diciembre, 1872)

5. Historia de la Familia Rizal de Calamba (no date)

6. Los Pueblos del Archipelago Indico (no date)

The Philippines Within a Century In this article JPR expressed his views on the Spanish colonization and predicted with amazing accuracy the tragic end of Spain’s sovereignty in Asia

The Indolence of the FilipinosThis is an able defense of the alleged indolence of the Filipinos. Such decline in the economic life was due to certain reasons:

1. The native revolts and the other internal disordes which followed the establishment of American rule

2. The wars whioch the Filipinos fought for Spain against the Dutch, Portuguese, English and other enemies

3. The frightful raids of the by the Muslim pirates

4.The forced labor, resulting in the abandonment of industry, commerce and agriculture

5. Lack of stimulus to work harder because the people could not enjoy the fruits of their labor

6. Government neglect and indifference to agriculture, commerce and industry

7. The bad example shown by the Spaniards on despising manual labor

8. The teaching of the Spanish missionaries

9. Encouragement and propagation of gambling by the Spanish authorities

10. System of Spanish education did not promote the economic enterprise and activity

International Association of Filipinologists

Aim: To study the Philippines from the scientific and historical point of view.

The officers:President: Ferdinand Blumentritt (Austrian)

Vice –Pres: Edward Plauchut (French)

Counsellor: Dr. Reinhold Rost (Anglo-German)

Counsellor: Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor (Filipino-Spanish)

Secretary: Dr. Jose Rizal (Filipino)

The holding of Inaugural convention did not materialize because the French government discourage the holding of conferences by private organization for the period of international exposition.

Project for Filipino College in Hong KongAims: To train and educate men of good family and financial means in accordance to the demands of modern times and circumstances

Mariano Cunanan – promised to raise P40,000 as initial payment of the college

Curriculum:

Ethics- Study of Religion – Natural Law – Civil law – Deportment – Hygiene

Mathematics – Physics and Chemistry – Natural History – Geography – Political Economy

Universal History – Philippine History – Logic – Rhetoric – Poetics

Spanish – English – French – German – Chinese – Tagalog

Gymnastics – Equitation – Fencing – Swimming – Music – Drawing - Dancing

Por Telefono “Dimas Alang” (Barcelona 1889)

Fall of 1889 – wrote another satirical work as a replay to the slanderous attacked of Fr. Font who masterminded the banning of Noli.